scholarly journals The role of organized groups in administrative burdens of property taxation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia Shybalkina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Property Tax Assessment

There is a substantial body of literature regarding the effects of administrative burdens on the take-up of safety-net programs and the role of organized groups in this process. I investigate similar issues in the context of property tax assessment appeals. Disadvantaged groups spend well over the recommended 30% of their income on housing costs that include property tax, and, on top of that, assessors often overestimate lower-value properties. Appeals may provide some relief, but the process can be burdensome. Certain localities give condominium associations the right to file one joint appeal on behalf of all unit owners. I hypothesize that this rule reduces burdens for condominium units and causes them to appeal more frequently than houses, resulting in a distributive effect that depends on the local context. I present supporting evidence from two case studies in two locations: New York City, which allows joint appeals, and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh and surroundings), which does not. Thus, while administrative burdens can span diverse contexts, engaging a third party to assist potential beneficiaries consistently increases the take-up.

On the State of War and of Peace

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-192
Author(s):  
Jean Allain
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peace Treaties

Book Three has Rayneval taking the reader through the Law of Nations as it relates to war and peace. A focus is placed on the origins, causes, effects, and conduct of war both on land and at sea. The right of conquest in considered, including prisoners, hostages, as well as civilians in conquered territory. This Book also examines the various principles governing alliances and the role of Neutral Powers in times of war. Where the seas are concerned, Rayneval considers the role of Neutrals Powers, of the right to visit in times of war, of Letters of Marque, and the taking of Prizes. Where peace is concerned, Rayneval speaks of the nature and obligations flowing from peace treaties and invokes mediation as the sole basis of third-party dispute settlement.

Third Party Legal Protection Against Investors Does Not Release the Building Rights After Termination of Contracts for Business Sites

Authentica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Rexon Manihuruk
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
City Government ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Legal Protection for Third Parties (Occupants: Tenants) Facing Investors who do not relinquish Building Rights After the Termination of Contract Agreement for Morning Market Business Sites in Tegal City is needed. This paper uses a normative juridical research method. The main data sources of this study come from the results of decisions and documents relating to the problems faced by traders, especially those who received complaints and were sued by Investors, including decisions between the city government and investors. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the role of the city of Tegal to protect traders is very important as a form of legal protection for the actions of investors against the occupants of the morning market stalls block B and C morning market in Tegal City. The Tegal City Government as having legal rights and relations (compensation/ peace agreement) after terminating the contract for the place of business with the Investor to collect the obligation of the Investor to give up his rights in a preventive and repressive manner (making a claim) to the investor to carry out its obligations as agreed surrender (release) the right to use the building.Keywords: Legal Protection; Business Place Contracts; Building Use Rights 

Missing the Point: The Role of the Right Hemisphere in the Processing of Complex Linguistic Materials11This chapter reports research conducted over the past several years at the Aphasia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center. The research was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases, Communication Disorders, and Stroke (NS 11408), the Veterans Administration, and Harvard Project Zero. Earlier versions of this chapter were presented at the International Neuropsychology Symposium, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, June 1979; the Academy of Aphasia, San Diego, October 1979; and the Conference on Cognitive Processes and the Right Hemisphere, New York University, October 1980. In addition, much of the research reported here was described in more preliminary form in Wapner, Hamby, and Gardner, “The Role of the Right Hemisphere in the Processing of Complex Linguistic Materials,” Brain and Language, 1981, 14,15–33. We thank the editor of that journal, Prof. Harry Whitaker, and Academic Press for permission to adapt portions of that article.

1983 ◽  
pp. 169-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOWARD GARDNER ◽  
HIRAM H. BROWNELL ◽  
WENDY WAPNER ◽  
DIANE MICHELOW
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Boston University ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
The Right

Abortion

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-230
Author(s):  
Sandra Fredman
Keyword(s):  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

——Chapter seven examines abortion. A comparative approach reveals the pivotal role of the characterization of relevant rights. Is this an issue of the right to life, to privacy, or to equality? Running through these issues are the cross-cutting themes identified above, particularly the interaction between legislatures and courts. Section II demonstrates that legislatures and courts interact in different ways. In some jurisdictions, courts have struck down legislation prohibiting abortion; while in others, courts have done the reverse and invalidated legislation providing a right to abortiofn. In a third group, courts and legislatures have worked together, either to cement prohibitions, or to protect the right to abortion. Section III examines the right to life in relation to abortion; section IV considers privacy; while section V examines equality. Section VI assesses third-party rights, and particularly the ways in which conscientious objection is dealt with in different jurisdictions.

Anomalies: Saving, Fungibility, and Mental Accounts

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H Thaler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Life Cycle Theory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Football Betting ◽  
Better Than

Last New Year's day, after a long evening of rooting the right team to victory in the Orange Bowl, I was lucky enough to win $300 in a college football betting pool. I then turned to the important matter of splurging the proceeds wisely. Would a case of champagne be better than dinner and a play in New York? At this point my son Greg came in and congratulated me. He said, “Gee Dad, you should be pretty happy. With that win you can increase your lifetime consumption by $20 a year!” Greg, it seems, had studied the life-cycle theory of savings. The theory is simple, elegant, and rational—qualities valued by economists. Unfortunately, as Courant, Gramlich, and Laitner observe “for all its elegance and rationality, the life-cycle model has not tested out very well.” In this column, however, I focus on an assumption of the life-cycle model that has not received very much attention, but which, if modified, can allow the theory to explain many of the savings anomalies that have been observed. The key assumption is fungibility. This column will review a small portion of the empirical savings literature, with the objective of showing how violations of fungibility, and more generally the role of self-control, strongly influences saving behavior.

scholarly journals Third-Party Mediation in Sri Lanka’s Peace Attempts: A Study on the Role of Norwegian Mediation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Fowsar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
World Order ◽  
Third Party ◽  
International Mediation ◽  
September 11 Attacks ◽  
The Government

Regional and international mediation by third parties in Sri Lanka’s ethnic conflict have had diverse impacts on the country’s political scene at various times. India spearheaded a significant regional mediation following the July 1983 pogrom against minority Tamils. An international mediation effort by a third party was initiated in 2000, with Norway playing the role of facilitator. Both of these attempts to resolve Sri Lanka’s ethnic conflict, which were taken to bring an end to the intense and continued violence, have had mixed outcomes. In particular, Norway’s initiative to bring an end to the conflict with international facilitation was taken in the backdrop of the changed world order that prevailed after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York. It is against this backdrop; this article attempts to examine the contributions made by Norway towards the resolution of Sri Lanka’s ethnic conflict. The major finding shows that Norwegian initiative fell into fail after a period and the armed insurgency did not come to an end until 2009. In May 2009, the government forces defeated the LTTE militarily and declared the war victory.

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