scholarly journals Managing COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: The Case of Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-412
Author(s):  
Neofytos Aspriadis
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Of Greece

This qualitative study analyzes the Greek government’s crisis management practice and public communication efforts during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Integrating both crisis management theories and the World Health Organization’s pandemic control plans, discourse analysis and case study approaches were taken to analyze how Greek’s key government and public health authorities communicated with the public using different frames and crisis response strategies. Evaluations were conducted to assess the Greek government’s crisis communication procedures and the effectiveness of different rhetorical strategies used as evidenced in public briefings and public speeches.

Quality Driven Requirements Engineering for Development of Crisis Management Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Hallberg ◽  
Sofie Pilemalm ◽  
Toomas Timpka
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities

Terror attacks and natural disasters of the past decades have dramatically made governments, public health authorities, and communities aware of insufficiencies in crisis management practices. Information technology has the potential to advance these practices, but systems that support handling these courses of events still have low success rates. The authors set out to define a requirements engineering method suitable for the development of crisis management systems (CMS). The resulting method was formatively evaluated in a project aimed at defining functions for systems supporting international engagements in crisis situations. Each step in the method was documented by its objective, output, implementation, and the experiences gained from the case study. The most important features of the method are the Voice of the Customer Table for identification of user needs, Use Cases for determination of requirements from the needs, and scenarios and prototypes for validating the requirements with user representatives.

scholarly journals Use of Health Belief Model–Based Deep Learning Classifiers for COVID-19 Social Media Content to Examine Public Perceptions of Physical Distancing: Model Development and Case Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar ◽  
Soon Guan Tan ◽  
Hwee Lin Wee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities

BACKGROUND Public health authorities have been recommending interventions such as physical distancing and face masks, to curtail the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) within the community. Public perceptions toward such interventions should be identified to enable public health authorities to effectively address valid concerns. The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been used to characterize user-generated content from social media during previous outbreaks, with the aim of understanding the health behaviors of the public. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at developing and evaluating deep learning–based text classification models for classifying social media content posted during the COVID-19 outbreak, using the four key constructs of the HBM. We will specifically focus on content related to the physical distancing interventions put forth by public health authorities. We intend to test the model with a real-world case study. METHODS The data set for this study was prepared by analyzing Facebook comments that were posted by the public in response to the COVID-19–related posts of three public health authorities: the Ministry of Health of Singapore (MOH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Public Health England. The comments made in the context of physical distancing were manually classified with a Yes/No flag for each of the four HBM constructs: perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits. Using a curated data set of 16,752 comments, gated recurrent unit–based recurrent neural network models were trained and validated for text classification. Accuracy and binary cross-entropy loss were used to evaluate the model. Specificity, sensitivity, and balanced accuracy were used to evaluate the classification results in the MOH case study. RESULTS The HBM text classification models achieved mean accuracy rates of 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.94 for the constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers, respectively. In the case study with MOH Facebook comments, specificity was above 96% for all HBM constructs. Sensitivity was 94.3% and 90.9% for perceived severity and perceived benefits, respectively. In addition, sensitivity was 79.6% and 81.5% for perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers, respectively. The classification models were able to accurately predict trends in the prevalence of the constructs for the time period examined in the case study. CONCLUSIONS The deep learning–based text classifiers developed in this study help to determine public perceptions toward physical distancing, using the four key constructs of HBM. Health officials can make use of the classification model to characterize the health behaviors of the public through the lens of social media. In future studies, we intend to extend the model to study public perceptions of other important interventions by public health authorities.

Manajemen Krisis dalam Menangani Pipa Gas Meledak Tahun 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-280
Author(s):  
Fahmi Syanizar ◽  
Irfan Sanusi ◽  
Encep Dulwahab
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Problem Finding ◽  
Evaluation Phase

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan tentang proses manajemen krisis dalam menangani pipa gas meledak tahun 2015 yang dilakukan oleh humas PT Star Energy Gheothermal Wayang Windu Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan paragdima kontruktivisme, metode kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses manajemen krisis dalam menangani pipa gas meledak oleh humas PT.Star Energy Gheothermal Wayang windu Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa manajemen krisis dalam menangani pipa gas meledak tahun 2015 oleh humas PT. Star Energy Gheothermal Wayang Windu Bandung tersebut dimulai dengan tahapan koordinasi penentuan masalah, observasi lokasi, ditemukannya masalah, analisis masalah, selanjutnya melakukan perencanaan dan pemprograman dengan tahapan membuat rencana, perencanaan target, koordinasi perencanaan, konfirmasi, lalu pelaksanaan dan pengkomunikasian didalamnya ada koordinasi pelaksanaan, pelaksanaan penanggulangan krisis, laporan kepada kantor pusat perusahaan, selanjutnya tahapan evaluasi yang dilakukan secar berkala terakhir peran humas kepada masyarakat untuk menyampaikan informasi terkait krisis yang sedang terjadi. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explain the crisis management process in handling gas pipes exploding in 2015 by PT Star Energy Gheothermal Wayang Windu Bandung PR. This study uses the paradigm of constructivism, qualitative methods and a case study approach which aims to find out the process of crisis managementThe results of the study show that crisis management in handling gas pipes exploded in 2015 by public relations company with the coordination of problem determination, location observation, problem finding, problem analysis, then planning and programming with the stages of planning, target planning, coordinating planning, confirmation, then implementing and communicating in there implementation coordination, implementation of crisis response, report to the company's head office, then the evaluation phase is carried out in the last period of the public relations role to the community to convey information related to the crisis that is currently happening.

scholarly journals Levels of Salt in Romanian Food in 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Aurelia ZUGRAVU ◽  
Monica PARVU ◽  
Monica TARCEA ◽  
Daniela PATRASCU ◽  
Anca STOIAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Health Organization

Salt is the oldest preservative used for food. But the excessive consume of salt is at the origin of blood hypertension, a problem responsible for a huge number of human diseases and deaths. As a consequence, the level of salt added in processed food has to diminish progressively. At the end of 2009, the Public Health Authorities from 29 Romanian counties reported results from the salt analysis of 1321 samples of different foods. The highest levels of salt were found in “telemea” cheese and the significant salt content in other widely consumed food underlined the necessity for a joined effort in order to bring down salt and to comply with the World Health Organization target

scholarly journals Use of Health Belief Model–Based Deep Learning Classifiers for COVID-19 Social Media Content to Examine Public Perceptions of Physical Distancing: Model Development and Case Study

10.2196/20493 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e20493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar ◽  
Soon Guan Tan ◽  
Hwee Lin Wee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities

Background Public health authorities have been recommending interventions such as physical distancing and face masks, to curtail the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) within the community. Public perceptions toward such interventions should be identified to enable public health authorities to effectively address valid concerns. The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been used to characterize user-generated content from social media during previous outbreaks, with the aim of understanding the health behaviors of the public. Objective This study is aimed at developing and evaluating deep learning–based text classification models for classifying social media content posted during the COVID-19 outbreak, using the four key constructs of the HBM. We will specifically focus on content related to the physical distancing interventions put forth by public health authorities. We intend to test the model with a real-world case study. Methods The data set for this study was prepared by analyzing Facebook comments that were posted by the public in response to the COVID-19–related posts of three public health authorities: the Ministry of Health of Singapore (MOH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Public Health England. The comments made in the context of physical distancing were manually classified with a Yes/No flag for each of the four HBM constructs: perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits. Using a curated data set of 16,752 comments, gated recurrent unit–based recurrent neural network models were trained and validated for text classification. Accuracy and binary cross-entropy loss were used to evaluate the model. Specificity, sensitivity, and balanced accuracy were used to evaluate the classification results in the MOH case study. Results The HBM text classification models achieved mean accuracy rates of 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.94 for the constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers, respectively. In the case study with MOH Facebook comments, specificity was above 96% for all HBM constructs. Sensitivity was 94.3% and 90.9% for perceived severity and perceived benefits, respectively. In addition, sensitivity was 79.6% and 81.5% for perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers, respectively. The classification models were able to accurately predict trends in the prevalence of the constructs for the time period examined in the case study. Conclusions The deep learning–based text classifiers developed in this study help to determine public perceptions toward physical distancing, using the four key constructs of HBM. Health officials can make use of the classification model to characterize the health behaviors of the public through the lens of social media. In future studies, we intend to extend the model to study public perceptions of other important interventions by public health authorities.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 Public Health Policies on Persons with Disability and their Caregivers in Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Andrew Camilleri ◽  
Samantha Pace Gasan ◽  
Andrew Azzopardi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a global health pandemic, due to the spread of a novel coronavirus, later named “Covid-19”. The spread of Covid-19 led to social isolation, distancing and a number of restrictive measures in Malta.  The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of Covid-19 and the subsequent restrictive measures on persons with disability and their caregivers and families in Malta. Using thematic analysis, the study found that a variety of impacts ranging from a sense of isolation, lack of essential services being provided, additional difficulties encountered at the place of work and education and measures that were not sufficiently tailored for persons with disability issued by public health authorities. Underlying the additional difficulties brought about by Covid-19, structural difficulties to access essential services as well as ignorance from policy makers and politicians and the added “vulnerable-ization” of persons with disabilities were found to be highly impacting factors that pervade the experience of persons with disabilities and their caregivers.

The Public Health Police

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Local Health Authorities

As the HIV epidemic wore on in the 2000s, public health authorities became enamored with the idea of “ending AIDS.” That is, if they could just get HIV-positive people to take their pills and stop infecting other people. Health departments began to track HIV-positive clients more closely, aiming to control their behavior and ensure their adherence to treatment regimens. This chapter explores how local health authorities ensure that HIV-positive clients behave in a manner officials deem responsible—and how they catch and punish those who do not. While the state maintains that the work of local health officials is done solely in the interests of promoting public health, their efforts to control HIV-positive clients reveal that they are also engaged in policing and law enforcement.

Extending the Information-Processing View of Coordination in Public Sector Crisis Response

2012 ◽  
pp. 326-345
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Gonzalez ◽  
Alexander Verbraeck ◽  
Ajantha Dahanayake
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Emergent Coordination

Coordinating the response of multiple public agencies to a large-scale crisis is a challenge that has been studied predominantly according to the information-processing view. In this paper, the authors extend this view with the notion of emergence giving special attention to information and communication technology (ICT). The extended framework is applied in a case study of crisis response exercises in the public sector. The findings suggest that current practices concentrate on standards and hierarchy, but mutual adjustment and emergent coordination also occur and are susceptible to analysis and equally relevant to understand coordination practices. In addition, ICT can provide information processing capabilities needed for coordination but may also create information processing needs by increasing the volume of data and the interconnectedness of responders. Applying the extended framework improves the understanding of coordination and forms the basis for its future use in designing ICT to support coordination in crisis response and e-government.

Extending the Information-Processing View of Coordination in Public Sector Crisis Response

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Gonzalez ◽  
Alexander Verbraeck ◽  
Ajantha Dahanayake
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Emergent Coordination

Coordinating the response of multiple public agencies to a large-scale crisis is a challenge that has been studied predominantly according to the information-processing view. In this paper, the authors extend this view with the notion of emergence giving special attention to information and communication technology (ICT). The extended framework is applied in a case study of crisis response exercises in the public sector. The findings suggest that current practices concentrate on standards and hierarchy, but mutual adjustment and emergent coordination also occur and are susceptible to analysis and equally relevant to understand coordination practices. In addition, ICT can provide information processing capabilities needed for coordination but may also create information processing needs by increasing the volume of data and the interconnectedness of responders. Applying the extended framework improves the understanding of coordination and forms the basis for its future use in designing ICT to support coordination in crisis response and e-government.

scholarly journals Rational trust in resilient health systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kristine Kittelsen ◽  
Vincent Charles Keating
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
System Resilience ◽  
Relevant Component

AbstractThe 2014–15 Ebola epidemic in West Africa highlighted the significance of trust between the public and public health authorities in the mitigation of health crises. Since the end of the epidemic, there has been a focus amongst scholars and practitioners on building resilient health systems, which many see as an important precondition for successfully combatting future outbreaks. While trust has been acknowledged as a relevant component of health system resilience, we argue for a more sustained theoretical engagement with underlying models of trust in the literature. This article takes a first step in showing the importance of theoretical engagement by focusing on the appeal to rational models of trust in particular in the health system resilience literature, and how currently unconsidered assumptions in this model cast doubt on the effectiveness of strategies to generate trust, and therein resilience, during acute public health emergencies.

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