Removal of high concentration phenol from aqueous solutions by electrochemical technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2A) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Shaimaa T. Alnasrawy ◽  
Ghayda Y. Alkindi ◽  
Taleb M. Albayati
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Maximum Removal

In this study, the ability of the electrochemical process to remove aqueous high concentration phenol using an electrochemical cell with aluminum anode and cathode was examined. The removal rate of phenol was monitored using different parameters phenol concentration, pH, electrolysis time, current density, and electrode distance. Obtained results indicated that the low removal rates of phenol were observed at both low and high pH. However, the removal rate of phenol increased with an increase in the current density, each electrochemical process conditions need a certain electrodes distance. removal rate of phenol decreased with the increase in the initial phenol concentration. The maximum removal rate of phenol obtained from this study was 82%.

Electrochemical Disintegration of Activated Sludge Using Ti/RuO2 Anode

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Chin Heng ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrode Surface Morphology ◽  
Alkaline Range ◽  
Sludge Concentration

Electrochemical process is one of the most effective methods to enhance sludge disintegration. In this study, Ti/RuO2 anodes were prepared by Pechini’s method and the electrode surface morphology was characterized by FESEM and EDAX. The effects of various operating conditions were investigated including initial pH value of sludge, sludge concentration, electrolysis time and current density. The study showed that the removal efficiencies of TS, VS, TSS and VSS increased with the increase of pH in the alkaline range, electrolysis time and current density but decreased with the increase of initial sludge concentration. The application of electrochemical process using Ti/RuO2 electrodes enhanced the sludge disintegration for possible subsequent biological treatment.

scholarly journals Optimization of Electrochemical Treatment Process Conditions for Distillery Effluent Using Response Surface Methodology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Arulmathi ◽  
G. Elangovan ◽  
A. Farjana Begum
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Spent Wash

Distillery industry is recognized as one of the most polluting industries in India with a large amount of annual effluent production. In this present study, the optimization of electrochemical treatment process variables was reported to treat the color and COD of distillery spent wash using Ti/Pt as an anode in a batch mode. Process variables such as pH, current density, electrolysis time, and electrolyte dose were selected as operation variables and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiency were considered as response variable for optimization using response surface methodology. Indirect electrochemical-oxidation process variables were optimized using Box-Behnken response surface design (BBD). The results showed that electrochemical treatment process effectively removed the COD (89.5%) and color (95.1%) of the distillery industry spent wash under the optimum conditions: pH of 4.12, current density of 25.02 mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 103.27 min, and electrolyte (NaCl) concentration of 1.67 g/L, respectively.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal from produced water by electrochemical process optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Yaqub ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa ◽  
Huma Ajab ◽  
Shamsul Rahman Kutty ◽  
Ezerie H. Ezechi
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Response Surface Modelling

Abstract Produced water is actually the wastewater separated from petroleum crude oil. Electrochemical-oxidation experiments was conducted for degradation of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using DSA type Ti/IrO2 anode. Laboratory scale batch reactor was used for degradation studies. To get the maximum PAHs removal electrochemical process optimized on three independent variable current density, pH and electrolysis time. The response surface modelling (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was applied to get appropriate experimental design. X1, X2 and X3 are the coded factors of independent variables such as the current density, pH and electrolysis time, respectively. Maximum removal was 95.29% at optimized conditions such as current density of 9 mA/cm2, pH 3 and electrolysis time 3.7 h. Quadratic model was suggested best fit model. The results of the Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) for PAHs demonstrated that the model was highly significant.

scholarly journals Proxy electrochemical process for Acid humic

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
G. Kashi ◽  
F. Khoshab
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Copper Electrode ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

Humic substances are produced by the microbial degradation of dead plant matter. The goal of this research is to investigate of humic acid (HA) from urban drinking water by batch proxy electrochemical reactor(PER)with using zinc-copper electrode(distance 2 cm) and hydrogen peroxide. The variables include pH(4-10), concentration of HA(5-15 mg/L), reaction time(7.5-22.5 min), concentration of hydrogen peroxide(40-120 mg/L), and current density(3-9 mA/cm2). In electrochemical reactor, the removal percentage for HA concentration(5 mg/L) in current density 9 mA/cm2 and electrolysis time 15 min in pHs 4, 7, and 10 are obtained 61%, 56%, and 51%, respectively. In electrochemical reactor, the removal percentage for HA concentration (15 mg/L) in current density 9 mA/cm2 and electrolysis time 15min in pHs 4, 7, and 10 are obtained 41%, 36%, and 31%, respectively. In PER, the removal percentage for HA concentration (5 mg/L), in optimum conditions, in hydrogen peroxide concentration 120 mg/L, current density 9 mA/cm2, optimum pH 4, electrolysis time 15 min in HA concentrations 5, 10, and 15 are obtained 100%, 93%, and 83%, respectively. The findings indicate that HA removal efficiency is increased with increasing current density, electrolysis time, and decreasing HA concentration. PER has appropriate efficiency for the HA removal from water.

The Study of Phosphorus Removal by Electrocoagulation with Iron-Anodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
Yong Bo Lin ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Shuai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Initial Ph

Determined to adopt iron as anodes, and Ti-base board with coating as cathodes. To optimize the reaction conditions of phosphorus removal by electrocoagulation (EC), testing the effect of current density, electrode distance, initial pH and electrolysis time on the phosphorus removal. According to the results, the optimal conditions for the phosphorus removal in the EC treatment were obtained, i.e., 20 mA/cm2 of current density, 2cm of distance and 10min of reaction time were optimum. Under these conditions, phosphorus removal by electrocoagulation reached to 95.07%, 10min later the change of total phosphorus (TP) removal rate is not obvious. By the end of this test, phosphorus removal by electrocoagulation reached to 99.68%.

A New Cutting Wire Prepared by Copper-Diamond Composite Electroplating

2014 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 662-667
Author(s):  
Zhao Yang Wang ◽  
Jing Wu Zheng ◽  
Wei Cai ◽  
Liang Qiao ◽  
Yao Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coating ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Cathodic Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Diamond Composite ◽  
Cathode Current

iamond cutting wire, as a new one, could overcome the defects of traditional cutting wire and would have a wide potential application. Electroplating diamond wire was prepared by composite electroplating in this article. The influence of cathodic current density, the diamond content in the electrolyte and other process conditions on the amount of diamond in the composite coating was checked by EDTA titration analysis. Effects of the diamond content in the electrolyte on electrochemical process of copper-diamond composite electro-deposition were investigated by measuring electrochemical polarization curves. With increasing the cathode current density and the diamond content in the electrolyte, the amount of diamond in the composite increased firstly, and reached a maximum, then decreased. The cathode current decreased with the increase of diamond content in the electrolyte. Copper-diamond composite plating process could be explained by Guglielmi two-step adsorption mechanism. The influence of plating parameters on the deposition behaviors of copper–diamond composite coating layers is ascribe to the change of diamond adsorption state on the cathode surface. After heat treatment, the largest wire tensile force is 159.7 N and the tensile strength reaches to 2258.8 MP.

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Enhanced Electrochemical Process for the Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution using Graphite Electrodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Hariraj Singh ◽  
Brijesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Aditya Prakash Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Experimental Values

The aim of the present work was to investigate the removal of phenol from a synthetic solution by the enhanced electrochemical oxidation process using graphite electrodes. Central composite design (CCD) and Box Behnken Design (BBD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) tool were used to investigate the effects of major operating variables viz. Current density (mA/ cm2): (2.27 to 4.54), pH: (5.5 to 7.5) and electrolysis time (min): (30 to 90). The predicted values of BBD responses obtained using RSM were more significant than the CCD model in terms of reaction time, whereas under the desirability test CCD model was found more appropriate in terms of phenol removal and power consumption. The optimal result shows that the CCD model predicted and experimental values of phenol removal and power consumption are 92.87 %; 0.866 kWh/m3 and 86.34 %; 1.12 kWh/m3 respectively under optimized variable conditions, current density: 2.78 mA/cm2, pH: 6.98 and electrolysis time: 88.02 minutes at high desirability level.

Application of response surface methodology for optimization of electrochemical process in metronidazole (MNZ) removal from aqueous solutions using stainless steel 316 (SS316) and lead (Pb) anodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Mahmoudpoor Moteshaker ◽  
Seyed Ehsan Rokni ◽  
Narges Farnoodian ◽  
Nasrin Mohassel Akhlaghi ◽  
Sommayeh Saadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
P Value ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Stainless Steel 316 ◽  
Central Composite

AbstractPharmaceutical compounds in drinking water sources, in addition to threatening environmental health, increase bacterial resistance in aquatic environments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of response surface methodology for the optimization of the electrochemical process in the removal of metronidazole (MNZ) aqueous solutions using stainless steel 316 (SS316) and Lead (Pb) anodes. In this experimental study, the effect of different parameters including pH (4–10), electrolysis time (40–120 min), MNZ antibiotic concentration (30–150 mg/L), and current density (2–10 mA/cm2) on Antibiotic removal efficiency was evaluated by a central composite design method using Design-Expert software. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and p-Value tests. Hence, central composite design (CCD) established a reduced quadratic polynomial model with P-value < 0.0001 and R2 = 0.98. The optimal values for the solution pH initial, electrolysis time, current density, and MNZ antibiotic concentration were 5.5, 100.0 min, 8.0 mA/cm2, and 50 mg/L, respectively. By employing the optimum conditions obtained, the maximum experimental removal efficiencies by SS316 and Pb anodes were 67.85 and 78.66%, respectively. The Chemical Oxygen Demand/total organic carbon (COD/TOC) ratio was decreased from 1.67 at the inlet to 1.53 at the outlet for SS316 and from 1.7 to 1.42 for Pb. Moreover, average oxidation state (AOS) was increased from 1.45 to 1.7 for SS316 and from 1.45 to 1.86 for Pb, which indicates the biodegradability of MNZ antibiotics by the electrochemical process. The electrochemical degradation process was identified as an effective method for the removal of MNZ from aquatic solutions, and it has an outstanding potential in removing other refractory pollutants from the environment.

scholarly journals Phenolic wastewater remediation employing nano zerovalent iron as a granular third electrode in an electrochemical reactor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa T Kadhum ◽  
Ghayda Y Alkindi ◽  
Talib M Albayati
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Nano Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract The rise in toxic industrial and domestic wastewater due to urbanization makes it necessary to pursue new, alternative routes for the removal of refractory pollutants. In this study, both unsupported nano zerovalent iron (NZVI) and silty clay-supported nano zerovalent iron (SC-NZVI) were employed as a granular third electrode (3-D) in an electrochemical reactor. The electrochemical system with two aluminum electrodes as anode and cathode was performed as a granular third electrode treatment process to degrade aqueous phenol. The maximum removal rate of phenol using the tow electrodes electrochemical process (2-D) was 82%. The optimum conditions in a 2-D electrode were as follows: pH = 4, electrolysis time = 30 min, current density = 50 mA/cm2, electrode distance = 4 cm, and phenol concentration = 0.5 g/L. It was concluded that the 3-D electrode system exhibited high efficiency in removing phenolic wastewater in a third electrode system. The optimum conditions were as follows: pH = 2, electrolysis time = 30 min, current density = 50 mA/cm2, electrode distance = 4 cm, and phenol concentration = 0.5 g/L. The maximum removal efficiencies of phenol in the presence of a 3-D electrode with doses of NZVI = 1 g/L or SC-NZVI = 1.25 g/L were 96.1 and 97.8%, respectively.

Accelerated Phenol Removal by Amplifying the Metabolic Pathway with a Recombinant Plasmid Encoding Catechol 2, 3 Oxygenase

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2191-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fujita ◽  
M. Ike ◽  
T. Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Recombinant Plasmid ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Phenol Removal

The metabolic pathway of the phenol degradation in Pseudomonasputida BH was amplified by introducing the recombinant plasmid containing catechol 2,3 oxygenase gene isolated fron the chromosome of BH. This strain could degrade phenol and grow much faster than the wild strain at the phenol concentration of 100mg/L. This strain seems to accelerate the phenol removal rate if it is applied to the treatment of wastewater containing phenol.

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