scholarly journals Digital Archaeology: From Interdisciplinarity to the ‘Fusion’ of Core Competences Towards the Consolidation of New Research Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Moscati
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Multimedia Systems ◽  
Humanities Computing ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Heritage Science ◽  
Digital Archaeology ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Research

The aim of this article is to explore the interdisciplinary turn observed in the development of humanities computing, in terms of integration and fusion of expertise. The debate started with the Seminar on Discipline umanistiche e informatica. Il problema dell’integrazione, held in 1991 at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Moving backwards in time, already from the 1960s the role of ‘integration’ was at the heart of many interdisciplinary initiatives supported by the National Research Council of Italy and the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei as part of their coordinated efforts to promote scientific progress. Through a number of archaeological case studies pivoting around the Etruscan civilisation, it will be shown how over time archaeological computing, and its evolution towards digital archaeology, has found in GIS and multimedia systems a unitary platform on which methods and practice of data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and communication can converge. The concept of ‘fusion’, however, is much more recent and responds to a global resource management model, which combines the methods of archaeology with the objectives of Heritage Science, along the research path that goes from field and laboratory investigation to the protection, enhancement and communication of cultural heritage.

scholarly journals New Frontiers: Approaches to Understand the Mechanistic Basis of Renal Toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1005
Author(s):  
Mary B. Nabity ◽  
Joseph W. Polli ◽  
Vishal Vaidya ◽  
Andrzej Krolewski ◽  
Warren E. Glaab
Keyword(s):  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Scientific Session ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
New Research

A scientific session entitled “New Frontiers: Approaches to Understand the Mechanistic Basis of Renal Toxicity” focused on novel biomarkers to monitor kidney injury both preclinically and clinically, as well as providing mechanistic insight of the induced injury. Further, the role and impact of kidney membrane transporters in drug-induced kidney toxicity provided additional considerations when understanding kidney injury and the complex role of drug transporters in either sensitivity or resistance to drug-induced injury. The onset of nephropathy in diabetic patients was also presented, focusing on the quest to discover novel biomarkers that would differentiate diabetic populations more susceptible to nephropathy and renal failure. The session highlighted exciting new research areas and novel biomarkers that will enhance our understanding of kidney injury and provide tools for ensuring patient safety clinically.

scholarly journals Institute of Philosophy: Traditions and Innovations

2021 ◽  
Vol - (4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Yermolenko ◽  
Serhii Yosypenko
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Soviet Marxism ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Research ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the historical and philosophical analysis of the unique and paradigmatic role of the H.S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the philosophical life of Ukraine for 75 years since its foundation. The authors outline its role in the process of institutionalizing philosophy in Ukraine from the time of the domination of the dogmas of Soviet Marxism to the introduction of current research traditions in modern Ukrainian philosophy. The continuity and peculiarities of the change of generations of researchers in the field of philosophy and the involvement of Ukrainian philosophical thought in the world intellectual discourse are studied. The article's authors reveal the gradual formation of the Kyiv philosophical tradition, the role of the Institute's leadership in the style and nature of scientific research of certain periods. Particular attention is paid to the institutionalization of new research areas at the Institute, such as political philosophy, philosophy of language and speech, which belong to the leading paradigm of modern philosophy. Attention is paid to the cooperation of the Institute with domestic scientific and educational institutions, its international relations. The status of the leading professional publications, which became significant both in Soviet times and during independence, is highlighted. Finally, the article notes the role and tasks of the Institute in modern social discourse, focuses on the values, the preservation of which is taken care of by representatives of the Institute.

Frightened by an Old Scarecrow: The Remarkable Resilience of Demand Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Sharpe ◽  
William J. Whelton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
American Psychologist ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Methods Textbooks ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
The 1960S

More than 50 years ago, the idea of demand characteristics was introduced by Martin Orne in a widely cited American Psychologist article. Through the 1960s and the mid-1970s, numerous studies were conducted investigating the role of demand characteristics in a variety of research areas. Demand characteristics faded from researchers’ attention in the late 1970s, relegated to brief descriptions in research methods textbooks. The present article traces the origins of and battles fought over demand characteristics during its heyday. Evidence is provided that suggests demand characteristics experienced a rebirth in the 1980s and it remains a widely referenced idea up to today. Demand characteristics reflect perennial concerns about the difficulties of and limitations to doing research with humans, concerns that often surface in the periodic crises that confront psychology. The types of problems that animated the crisis of confidence associated with demand characteristics in the 1970s form one dimension of the current replication crisis. Reinterpretation of this current replication crisis and a new direction for experimental research with human subjects are derived from this review of demand characteristics.

The manner of use, the uses and sub-uses of terms in social sciences: from the functional approach to natural language to applied semiotics and the philosophy of science

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Roman Węsierski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research ◽  
Language Context

Abstract The functional approach to natural language (FANL) emerged in the late 1960s. It focused on the use and the sub-use of language expressions, taking into account role of the language context and the extra-linguistic situation of a given statements. This approach referred, both conceptually and methodologically, to the tradition of British analytical philosophy of language on the one hand, and to the achievements of the Lvov-Warsaw School on the other. It seems that despite the passage of more than half a century since its inception, this approach has lost nothing of its relevance and its cognitive value, and may even provide inspiration for the exploration new research areas concerning the formulation of language utterances. The aim of this article is to show the potential applications of the FANL as a specific semiotic concept in the field of the philosophy of social sciences. The paper points out how the functional conception can be successfully used in methodological analyses of the logical methodology of social sciences. The case studies presented in the article refer to the research practice of social sciences. Examples of the use and sub-uses of terms are discussed in the light of the polyparadigmatic structure of social sciences and the differences in research patterns accepted by given scientific collectives.

Spatial and Nonspatial Integration in Learning and Training with Multimedia Systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 108-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tad T. Brunyé ◽  
Tali Ditman ◽  
Jason S. Augustyn
Keyword(s):  
Multimedia Systems ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Instructional Systems ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Instructional Content ◽  
And Training

Multiformat and modality interfaces have become popular and effective tools for presenting information in training and instructional systems. Technological innovation, however, has far surpassed researchers’ understanding of how and under what circumstances these technologies are useful towards information gathering. Some recent research has begun to characterize the cognitive mechanisms that may be responsible for the comprehension and memory advantages typically seen with multimedia learning, as well as the role of individual differences in this process. Other work has defined effective pedagogical practices, such as instructional content and organization, for producing engaging and effective learning experiences. This chapter attempts to bridge these two research areas and provides concrete design recommendations for current instructional practice and directions for future research.

THE ROLE OF NEW MEDIA IN MEDICAL STUDENTS’ ACQUISITION OF COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL SKILLS. AN INTRODUCTION TO SOME FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Żanetta Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
New Media ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
New Research ◽  
Education Process

Education process in a college has been transforming as a result of new technologies implementation. It is the outcome of digital technologies which by impacting our everyday life, also affect the education process. The so-called centers of medical education functioning in educational systems are new research areas for pedagogues – education technologists – in the aspect of their functioning and securing the effectiveness of teaching. Didactic measurement in this regard is extremely difficult and all attempts need description and standardization

MATERIAL HANDLING MACHINES AND SYSTEMS – UMI-TWINN PROJECT CONTRIBUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Péter Telek ◽  
Béla Illés ◽  
Christian Landschützer ◽  
Fabian Schenk ◽  
Flavien Massi
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
New Research ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
The University

Nowadays, the Industry 4.0 concept affects every area of the industrial, economic, social and personal sectors. The most significant changings are the automation and the digitalization. This is also true for the material handling processes, where the handling systems use more and more automated machines; planning, operation and optimization of different logistic processes are based on many digital data collected from the material flow process. However, new methods and devices require new solutions which define new research directions. In this paper we describe the state of the art of the material handling researches and draw the role of the UMi-TWINN partner institutes in these fields. As a result of this H2020 EU project, scientific excellence of the University of Miskolc can be increased and new research activities will be started.

Short Films from a Small Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art And Architecture

The first book-length study in English of a national corpus of state-sponsored informational film, this book traces how Danish shorts on topics including social welfare, industry, art and architecture were commissioned, funded, produced and reviewed from the inter-war period to the 1960s. For three decades, state-sponsored short filmmaking educated Danish citizens, promoted Denmark to the world, and shaped the careers of renowned directors like Carl Th. Dreyer. Examining the life cycle of a representative selection of films, and discussing their preservation and mediation in the digital age, this book presents a detailed case study of how informational cinema is shaped by, and indeed shapes, its cultural, political and technological contexts.The book combines close textual analysis of a broad range of films with detailed accounts of their commissioning, production, distribution and reception in Denmark and abroad, drawing on Actor-Network Theory to emphasise the role of a wide range of entities in these processes. It considers a broad range of genres and sub-genres, including industrial process films, public information films, art films, the city symphony, the essay film, and many more. It also maps international networks of informational and documentary films in the post-war period, and explores the role of informational film in Danish cultural and political history.

Review of Computed Tomographic Colonography from a Surgeon’s Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Bellows ◽  
Giuseppe Gagliardi ◽  
Lorenzo Bacigalupo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Computed Tomographic Colonography ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Optical Colonoscopy ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Primary Colon Cancer ◽  
Primary Colon ◽  
New Research ◽  
Additional Value

Abstract New research has addressed many of the early concerns of Computed Tomographic colonography (CTC) and these studies are now beginning to shape clinical practices. A review of the literature demonstrates that the sensitivity of CTC in screening for large polyps (≥ 1cm) or cancers in the large intestine is as high as that of conventional optical colonoscopy, however, the sensitivity decreases with the diameter of the polyp. Despite this, CTC is well tolerated, more acceptable to patients than optical colonoscopy and therefore may improve colorectal cancer screening compliance. This review not only describes the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of CTC, and the evolving role of CTC as a primary colon cancer screening option, but also the recent studies that have demonstrated the additional value of CTC utilization for practicing clinicians.

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