A Land in Between

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
Second Millennium Bce ◽  
Euphrates Valley ◽  
Political Association ◽  
Over Time

The Orontes Valley in western Syria is a land ‘in between’, positioned between the small trading centres of the coast and the huge urban agglomerations of the Euphrates Valley and the Syro-Mesopotamian plains beyond. As such, it provides a critical missing link in our understanding of the archaeology of this region in the early urban age. A Land in Between documents the material culture and socio-political relationships of the Orontes Valley and its neighbours from the fourth through to the second millennium BCE. The authors demonstrate that the valley was an important conduit for the exchange of knowledge and goods that fuelled the first urban age in western Syria. This lays the foundation for a comparative perspective, providing a clearer understanding of key differences between the Orontes region and its neighbours, and insights into how patterns of material and political association changed over time.

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Book Reviews
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Transit Migration

Janitors, Street Vendors, and Activists: The Lives of Mexican Immigrants in Silicon Valley by Christian Zlolniski Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2006 ISBN 0520246438, 249 pp.The Archaeology of Xenitia: Greek Immigration and Material Culture Ed. by Kostis Kourelis Athens: Gennadius Library, 2008 ISBN 978-960-86960-6-8, 104 pp.  Transit Migration: The Missing Link between Emigration and Settlement by Aspasia Papadopoulou-Kourkoula New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 ISBN 0-230-55533-0, 177 pp.How Professors Think: Inside The Curious World of Academic Judgment, 1st Edition by Michele Lamont Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009 ISBN: 978-0674032668, 336 pp.

scholarly journals A novel similarity measure for missing link prediction in social networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Gogulamudi Naga Chandrika ◽  
E. Srinivasa Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Link Prediction ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hidden Patterns ◽  
Over Time

<p><span>Social Networks progress over time by the addition of new nodes and links, form associations with one community to the other community. Over a few decades, the fast expansion of Social Networks has attracted many researchers to pay more attention towards complex networks, the collection of social data, understand the social behaviors of complex networks and predict future conflicts. Thus, Link prediction is imperative to do research with social networks and network theory. The objective of this research is to find the hidden patterns and uncovered missing links over complex networks. Here, we developed a new similarity measure to predict missing links over social networks. The new method is computed on common neighbors with node-to-node distance to get better accuracy of missing link prediction. </span><span>We tested the proposed measure on a variety of real-world linked datasets which are formed from various linked social networks. The proposed approach performance is compared with contemporary link prediction methods. Our measure makes very effective and intuitive in predicting disappeared links in linked social networks.</span></p>

Worth(Less)

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-126
Author(s):  
Adam Fracchia
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Irish Immigrants ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Ethnicity And Race ◽  
The Town ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Mode Of Production

The small industrial town of Texas, Maryland, employed hundreds of Irish immigrants in the quarrying and burning of limestone during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This chapter by Adam Fracchia examines patterns of value based on categories of class, ethnicity, and race that were influenced by and necessary to ensure the profitability of the quarry industry. Historical records in combination with material culture illustrate shifts in these values over time and the patterns of marginalization that led to the removal of Texans and the destruction of their property. Ultimately, the preservation of the town is governed by similar notions of value tied to the current mode of production and a static perception of the town’s heritage that indirectly supports its continued destruction.

Making things on the side: creativity at a time of institutional decline

Hot Metal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Adams Stein
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
English Language ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Institutional Decline ◽  
Customary Practices ◽  
Over Time

A ‘foreign order’ is an industrial colloquialism referring to a practice whereby workers produce objects at work – using factory materials and work time – without authorisation. This is an under-explored but global phenomenon that many names, including homers, side productions, government jobs, and la perruque. There are silences about these clandestine acts of creative production in English-language studies. This chapter considers this practice from the interdisciplinary perspective of labour history and material culture studies. Using oral and archival sources, the chapter traces the ancestry of foreign orders to seventeenth century English customary practices of the Commons. It provides an account of a playful and creative culture of pranks and making in a printing factory, and identifies the workers’ motivations for creating foreign orders. Finally, the chapter explains how the making of foreign orders became more overt and politicised over time, as workers sensed their insecurity. This practice of making ‘on the side’ enabled print-workers a degree of agency and the ability to narrativise their own plight.

Memory and its Materiality: The Case of Early Iron Age Khirbet Qeiyafa and Jerusalem

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Pioske
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Over Time

In den wenigen Jahren seitdem Ausgrabungen in Khirbet Qeiyafa durchgeführt wurden, haben sich schon einige wichtige Studien mit seiner beeindruckenden Hinterlassenschaft aus der frühen Eisenzeit beschäftigt. Was bislang unberücksichtigt blieb, sind die Folgerungen der Befunde für die Schriftkultur, die für das Bild dieser Periode in der Hebräischen Bibel verantwortlich ist. Die Absicht dieser Studie besteht darin, das literarische Schicksal von Khirbet Qeiyafa mit dem des frühen und späten eisenzeitlichen Jerusalem zu vergleichen und zu ermitteln, was das Nichtvorkommen bzw. Vorkommen dieser Standorte in der Hebräischen Bibel über die Quellen der biblischen Verfasser aussagt, über die sie im 11. und 10. Jh. v. Chr. verfügten. Zugleich wird gefragt, welchen Beitrag Ort und Erinnerung bei der Überlieferung dieser Geschichten im antiken Israel und Juda hatten.In the few short years since excavations were first carried out at Khirbet Qeiyafa a number of important studies have been devoted to its impressive early Iron Age remains. Yet what has not been pursued within these discussions are the implications of the settlement’s material culture for our understanding of the scribal cultures responsible for the portrayal of this time period in the Hebrew Bible. In comparing the literary fate of Khirbet Qeiyafa with that of the contemporaneous site of late Iron I/early Iron IIA Jerusalem, the intent of this study is to examine what the absence and presence of these two sites in the Hebrew Bible indicates about the sources biblical scribes possessed about the 11th–10th centuries BCE, and how place and memory contributed to the transmission of these stories over time in ancient Israel and Judah.Dans les quelques années qui ont suivi les fouilles à Khirbet Qeiyafa, un bon nombre d’études conséquentes ont été consacrées à ses impressionnants vestiges du début de l’âge de Fer. Cependant, ce qui n’a pas été développé dans ces discussions, ce sont les implications de la culture matérielle de ce site pour notre compréhension milieux de scribes responsables de la description de cette période dans la Bible hébraïque. En comparant le destin littéraire de Khirbet Qeiyafa avec celui de Jérusalem, site contemporain de la fin du Fer I et du début du Fer IIA, cette étude cherche à examiner ce que la présence et l’absence de ces deux sites dans la Bible hébraïque indiquent au sujet des sources que les scribes bibliques possédaient sur les 11–10

Archaeology and Material Culture of Moab and the Moabites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Porter
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Subsistence Economies ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Second Millennium Bce ◽  
Landscape Survey ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
The 19Th Century

Moab was both a culture area and an Iron Age kingdom located in the west-central half of the modern Middle Eastern country of Jordan. Moab is mentioned frequently in the Hebrew Bible and was often in contact with its Israelite neighbors. Scholars have used the biblical text to reconstruct Moab’s history and society despite the original authors’ and editors’ skewed perspectives on the kingdom. Moab has been the subject of archaeological research since the latter third of the 19th century. Landscape surveys have identified many large and small settlements across the region while excavations at key settlements have documented public and private architecture, and recovered art and epigraphic evidence. This research has been reported over many decades in archaeological and landscape survey reports, and the evidence has been frequently summarized in scholarly syntheses. Moab’s development occurred in three phases. During the Iron I period, a collection of small settlements was founded at the end of the second millennium bce. These semi-autonomous settlements organized their household and communal agro-pastoral subsistence economies at local levels. The point at which these settlements began to be integrated into a political polity likely occurred in the late 10th or early 9th century, the beginning of the Iron II period. The Mesha Inscription, a royal inscription of one of Moab’s earlier kings, describes how he increased his territory, established a new capital and cult center at Dhiban, and incorporated new populations within an expanded kingdom. The Mesopotamian empire of Assyria began to intervene in Moab’s and its neighbors’ affairs starting in the mid-8th century, commencing the Iron III period. Soon after, Moab’s agro-pastoralist economy and textile industries intensified, a change likely brought on by producers responding to new international markets and Assyria’s demand for taxes and tribute. Currently, very little is known about Moab in the final centuries of the Iron Age, the 6th through 4th centuries bce. Permanent settlement activity decreased during these centuries, possibly due to a combination of population deportations and the return to semi-sedentary and nomadic settlement practices. Readers should note that transliterations of ancient and Arabic place names have shifted over the course of modern scholarship. Some titles may preserve older variants that contrast with the now updated versions.

Smaller Parties

2020 ◽  
pp. 300-319
Author(s):  
Alistair Clark
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Liberal Democrats ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Over Time

Small parties in Scotland have played a number of roles in the post-devolution party system. In some areas they have been trailblazers for broader developments, whilst in others they have met some success but had little longer impact. Understanding this is crucial for a broader understanding of party competition and the Scottish party system. The first section of the chapter addresses thorny theoretical issues around what counts as a ‘small’ party, and the relation between smallness and relevance. The second section discusses key small parties that have had some level of success in Scotland. These include the Greens, Scottish Socialist Party, UKIP, Scottish Senior Citizens Unity Party, and the ‘Others’ who have also been successfully elected in Scotland, including the Liberal Democrats, given their changing fortunes over time. The final section considers reasons for the rise of smaller parties, whilst examining the broader effect on the Scottish party system and putting Scotland into comparative perspective in relation to the role of small parties.

Mit der Großstadt aus der Armut: Eine neue Theorie der Industrialisierung

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is no doubt that industrialization was the main cause of modern economic welfare. The reasons for more or less industrialization in various regions of the world have been discussed widely for decades. However, a closer examination reveals that none of the controversial arguments and explanations put forward stand the test of empirical scrutiny. What has previously been ignored is the central role of large cities in provoking industrialization. Given all the other preconditions necessary for industrialization, it was finally the mass markets of large cities that made industrial mass production profitable for potential entrepreneurs. Thus, wherever large cities and urban agglomerations emerged in the world, industrialization followed suit. In a global and comparative perspective, industrialization was not so much a matter of countries but rather a matter of regions dividing the world into highly urbanized, industrialized and more prosperous regions on the one side, and still primarily rural, preindustrial and poorer regions on the other..

scholarly journals Transformations in East-Central Europe from 6000 to 3000 BC: local vs. foreign patterns

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Local Development ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Local Patterns ◽  
Over Time

In the sixth, fifth and fourth millennium BC, in the basins of the Vistula and the Oder, extremely complex economic, social and ideological transformations took place. They consisted in the emergence and expansion of new systems of circulating information (‘communicative communities’). The majority of these were connected with the Neolithic. The process involved a constant clash between foreign and local patterns. The latter, over time, prevailed. Hence the ultimate dominance of Neolithic communicative communities in the eastern part of Central Europe around the middle of the fourth millennium was essentially a local development. Nonetheless, a considerable portion of the territory continued to remain outside their influence. Therefore, throughout the three millennia, Mesolithic communicative communities not only gradually merged with or evolved into Neolithic ones. They also embraced such transformations, mainly concerning the material culture and ideology, which were completely independent from the advances of the Neolithic, or could have been competitive in relation to them.

scholarly journals Modeling a primate technological niche

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Reeves ◽  
Tomos Proffitt ◽  
Lydia V. Luncz
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Material Record ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe ability to modify the environment through the transport of tools has been instrumental in shaping the evolutionary success of humans. Understanding the cause-and-effect relationships between hominin behavior and the environment ultimately requires understanding of how the archaeological record forms. Observations of living primates can shed light on these interactions by investigating how tool-use behaviors produce a material record within specific environmental contexts. However, this requires reconciling data derived from primate behavioral observations with the time-averaged nature of the Plio-Pleistocene archaeological record. Here, we use an agent-based model to investigate how repeated short-distance transport events, characteristic for primate tool use, can result in significant landscape-scale patterning of material culture over time. Our results illustrate the conditions under which accumulated short-distance transport bouts can displace stone tools over long distances. We show that this widespread redistribution of tools can also increase access to tool require resources over time. As such, these results elucidate the niche construction processes associated with this pattern of tool transport. Finally, the structure of the subsequent material record largely depends on the interaction between tool transport and environmental conditions over time. Though these results have implications for inferring hominin tool transports from hominin archaeological assemblages. Furthermore, they highlight the difficulties with connecting specific behavioral processes with the patterning in the archaeological record.

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