Architectural Approach to Design of Emotional Intelligent Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Shiller ◽  
Oleg E. Petrunya
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social And Environmental Risks

Over the past decades, due to the course towards digitalization of all areas of life, interest in modeling and creating intelligent systems has increased significantly. However, there are now a stagnation in the industry, a lack of attention to analog and bionic approaches as alternatives to digital, numerous speculations on “neuro” issues for commercial and other purposes, and an increase in social and environmental risks. The article provides an overview of the development of artificial intelligence (AI) conceptions toward increasing the human likeness of machines: from the key ideas of A. Turing and J. von Neumann, who initiated the digitalization of society, to discussions about the definition of AI and the emergence of conceptions of strong and weak AI. Special attention is paid to the approach of A. Sloman, to ideas about the architecture and design of complex artificial systems are considered, which make it possible to “emotionally” expand the idea of weak/strong AI. In the article's section on the necessity and possibility of incorporating emotions into the architecture of AI, the authors reveal the goals and methodological limitations for creating an emotional artificial agent. In addition, the article briefly presents the main principles of the authors' architectural approach to the creation of emotional intellectual systems on the example of the cognitive-affective model of architecture, which allow modeling the impact of emotions on the cognitive processes involved in decision-making processes. The described architectural approach to modeling intelligent systems can be used as a conceptual basis for discussing and formulating a strategy for the development of neurocomputing, philosophy of artificial intelligence, and experimental philosophy, for developing innovative research programs, formulating and solving theoretical and methodological problems.

DEEPFAKE AS A PHENOMENON OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
М. Falaleev ◽  
◽  
N. Sitdikova ◽  
Е. Nechay ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The development of digital technologies, coupled with progress in the development of self-learning programs based on AI (Artificial Intelligence), has obvious advantages in improving the effectiveness of information impact on people around the world. During the 2010s, researchers have documented trends in the use of artificial intelligence for the construction and distribution of media content to indirectly manipulate political discourse at the national and global levels. Special interest in the context of this issue is how the rapid development of AI technologies affects political communication. The object of consideration within the framework of this article is the deepfake technology. Based on this, as a subject, the authors define deepfake as a phenomenon of modern political communication. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to describe and predict the impact of deepfake technology on political communication at the global and national levels. The paper presents the definition of deepfake, assesses its characteristics depending on the methods and purposes of its distribution, and analyzes the prospects for using this tool to influence political discourse in modern Russia. To study the subject field of the research, methods of systematizing theoretical data, classification, analysis of a set of factors and forecasting have been applied. The practical significance of the work is presented by the authors’ definition and typology of the phenomenon of deepfake and describes its significance as a factor of political communication on the example of a particular country. The results of the work will be useful for researchers studying the problems of digitalization of the media space and modern means of disinformation in politics, both at the local and global levels

scholarly journals Features of urban public spaces in the context of globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-246
Author(s):  
K. L. Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Public Space ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with characteristics of urban public spaces, their role in the global transformation of the social relations system is determined. The ambiguity of assessing the impact of globalization on modern cities is due to the theoretical and methodological problems of modern sociological urbanism. There is no single approach among scientists to defining the concept of urban public space, which determines the relevance of the study of its interpretation and definition of essential properties. Public spaces are considered as a connecting element between the system and social levels of urban research, which correspond to the levels of integration identified by the modern sociologist E. Giddens. The article analyzes classical and modern approaches to the study of public space, there is reveals the course of evolution of sociological thought in relation to the formation of differentiation of types of spaces within cities. Based on the analysis of the works of modern sociologists and urbanists, such key features of public spaces as openness, socio-political neutrality, and symbolism were identified. Global processes and contradictions lead to an aggravation of the problem of the presence of the category of “Others” within public urban spaces, which are representatives of various segments of the population, with a variety of claims and interests. One of the consequences of the intensive development of digital technologies is a possible situation of “competition for the citizen” between traditional public spaces and online services. Assumptions are made about future transformations of social relations within public spaces as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals Need of Computational Intelligence for Post Graduate Students as an Academic Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Ayesha Saleem ◽  
Usman Saleem ◽  
Somia Ali ◽  
Misbah Amin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Master's Degrees ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The proper definition of intelligence is not widely known and describable within some selected words till now. There is a great controversy on its definition because generally people have not enough knowledge about it. Computational Intelligence is a subset of Artificial Intelligence and based on particular six approaches. These are Fuzzy Logics, Probabilistic Mechanisms, Natural Swarm Intelligence, Neural Networks and Evolutionary Computing. Traditional artificial intelligence use to develop intelligent systems that require proper and comprehensive information about some task to perform. But numerous real-world systems cannot provide exact and complete information about real-world phenomena. On the other hand, the main concern of Computational intelligence is to design intelligent systems that can be able to make decisions on uncertain or ambiguous information and now this becomes basic future system’s need. Both subjects AI and CI have their own importance, but we can analyze that as future needs more intelligent systems, so it required more work, research, understandings and knowledge for computational intelligence. We conduct a survey and meet results that even students of master’s degrees not even know about the term “computational intelligence”. Therefore, this paper proposed that computational intelligence should be an integral subject of courses as enhancement of artificial intelligence related to at least engineering and computer related fields. It will provide knowledge to students and rise their interest for computational intelligence and encourage them to do work to build more intelligent systems that will be able to deal real word problems in future

scholarly journals Of Duels, Trials and Simplifying Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-692
Author(s):  
Giovanni SILENO
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Symbolic Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This short paper aims to unpack some of the assumptions underlying the “Policy and Investment Recommendation for Trustworthy AI” provided by the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI) appointed by the European Commission. It elaborates in particular on three aspects: on the technical-legal dimensions of trustworthy AI; on what we mean by AI; and on the impact of AI. The consequent analysis results in the identification, amongst others, of three recurrent simplifications, respectively concerning the definition of AI (sub-symbolic systems instead of “intelligent” informational processing systems), the interface between AI and institutions (neatly separated instead of continuity) and a plausible technological evolution (expecting a plateau instead of a potentially near-disruptive innovation).

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS ON HUMAN RIGHTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
TOMAS MOLODTSOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Automation Tools ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the definition of artificial intelligence and its impact on human rights in the context of lawmaking activity. Purpose of the article: this paper aims to investigate the main approaches to understanding artificial intelligence and the consequences of its integration into the legislative process, as well as to assess the impact of artificial intelligence on human rights. The purpose of the article is also to identify the risks of such influence and ways to level them. Methodology and methods: this article uses general scientific methods of analysis, especially empirical and dialectical, which allow to consider raised issues comprehensively. The author also uses methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Conclusions: as the result of this research, the author comes to the conclusion that artificial intelligence, understood as both an exclusively automated tool and a pure consciousness, can significantly optimize the current lawmaking system. However, its impact on human rights in this context may be negative, limiting the freedom of choice, privacy and secrecy of correspondence. To protect human rights, the author recommends using automation tools only as additional measure, but not as substitute. The conclusion raises the question of what consequences can occur for people if artificial intelligence, integrated into law-making activities, can become aware of itself. Scope of the results: this work can be interested to both lawmakers and society as a whole, as it raises basic issues of human rights protection in the context of global digitalization.

scholarly journals Combining Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Managing Collective Knowledge in Unpredictable Environment—Insights from the Chinese Case in Facing COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Iandolo ◽  
Francesca Loia ◽  
Irene Fulco ◽  
Chiara Nespoli ◽  
Francesco Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Unpredictable Environment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Machine Interaction

AbstractThe increasing fluidity of social and business configurations made possible by the opportunities provided by the World Wide Web and the new technologies is questioning the validity of consolidated business models and managerial approaches. New rules are emerging and multiple changes are required to both individuals and organizations engaged in dynamic and unpredictable paths.In such a scenario, the paper aims at describing the potential role of big data and artificial intelligence in the path toward a collective approach to knowledge management. Thanks to the interpretative lens provided by systems thinking, a framework able to explain human-machine interaction is depicted and its contribution to the definition of a collective approach to knowledge management in unpredictable environment is traced.Reflections herein are briefly discussed with reference to the Chinese governmental approach for managing COVID-19 spread to emphasise the support that a technology-based collective approach to knowledge management can provide to decision-making processes in unpredictable environments.

scholarly journals Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Efficiency of Accounting Information System and Non-Financial Performance of the Manufacturing Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Firas Hashem ◽  
Rateb Alqatamin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
The Impact

The current study launched from the main objective of examining the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and its role in supporting and improving the efficiency of AIS on one hand, and non-financial performance standards on the other. In order to achieve this goal and indicate the extent of its conformity with reality; quantitative approach was used and a questionnaire were adopted as a study tool, the questionnaire was distributed electronically to a sample of (409) managers, heads of departments and accountants in industrial establishments operating in Jordan during the fiscal year 2020/2021. By analyzing the primary data based on SPSS, the study came to the conclusion that AI techniques played a significant role in enhancing efficiency of AIS outcomes through focusing on outcomes' understandability, reliability, credibility and comparability, on another level, AI techniques also proved its ability to influence non-financial performance through focusing on feeding organization with the needed information that locates weak points and develop them, and strength points to exploit them. Study recommended the need to link the operations of intelligent systems to the goals of the organization as a whole and ensure the complete interdependence between the AIS systems and the accounting information in the systems.

scholarly journals Kosovar Refugees and National Security

Refuge ◽  
1999 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis A. Stivachtis
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Western World ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
International Stability ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Fortress Europe ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Balkan States ◽  
The Impact

Almost one million people have been forced to leave Kosovo in search of a safe place for settlement. Although it has not been explicitly stated, the main reason that the Balkan states, as well as those of the Western world, are reluctant to receive them as refugees is that they believe that this would jeopardize their security. Some justify this reluctance as another assertion of the "Fortress Europe" ideal. Approaching the subject from a comprehensive security perspective, this article aims to explain how and why the Kosovar refugees may threaten, or may be perceived to threaten, the national security of the receiving states as well as regional and international stability. In so doing, it discusses some methodological problems concerning the definition of security; it relates refugee migration to the various levels of security analysis; and it examines the impact of refugee activities with reference to the various security sectors.

scholarly journals Empirical model for analysis of the dynamics of algorithmization (artificial intelligence technology) in the field of security by the example of the USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Turobov ◽  
M.G. Mironyuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

How does the state security system evolve under the influence of the artificial intelligence technology? To answer this question, an empirical model is proposed. The model evaluates the state security system (by the example of the USA) using the security consistency parameter, which estimates how the state perceives threats (indicator of threats) and whether the state has the necessary capabilities to counter them (indicator of capabilities) in relation to the artificial intelligence technology. The model (as well as the conceptualization of the artificial intelligence technology in the context of the security domain) provides evidence of how security transformations occur. It serves as a tool for studying the corresponding changes and assessing the state security system. It is necessary to indicate the limitation of the study: we do not consider direct military applications in the field of automation and algorithms (artificial intelligence technology). The validation of the empirical model has been undertaken using the case of the USA (eight-time intervals are subject to analysis, namely: 1999, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019). With the development of the technology itself, the “interest” of the state and the definition of threats, as well as the rapid growth of the capabilities of the artificial intelligence technology (coincides with the years of maximum progress in computing power and the introduction of new algorithms) are growing, and since 2012, the dynamic has been linear, since more new “discoveries” have contributed to evolutionary rather than “revolutionary” growth trajectory. The developed model is scalable. This feature may be useful in the empirical security studies: the artificial intelligence technology within the model can be replaced with other types of digital technologies (for example, big data, cloud computing or 5 g connection technologies, etc.); thus, empirical models of security consistency under the impact of other technologies can be developed. The approach proposed allows to under take cross-country comparisons with respect to specific types of digital technologies and their interactions with the security domain.

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