scholarly journals Kosovar Refugees and National Security

Refuge ◽  
1999 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis A. Stivachtis
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Western World ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
International Stability ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Fortress Europe ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Balkan States ◽  
The Impact

Almost one million people have been forced to leave Kosovo in search of a safe place for settlement. Although it has not been explicitly stated, the main reason that the Balkan states, as well as those of the Western world, are reluctant to receive them as refugees is that they believe that this would jeopardize their security. Some justify this reluctance as another assertion of the "Fortress Europe" ideal. Approaching the subject from a comprehensive security perspective, this article aims to explain how and why the Kosovar refugees may threaten, or may be perceived to threaten, the national security of the receiving states as well as regional and international stability. In so doing, it discusses some methodological problems concerning the definition of security; it relates refugee migration to the various levels of security analysis; and it examines the impact of refugee activities with reference to the various security sectors.

scholarly journals Features of urban public spaces in the context of globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-246
Author(s):  
K. L. Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Public Space ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with characteristics of urban public spaces, their role in the global transformation of the social relations system is determined. The ambiguity of assessing the impact of globalization on modern cities is due to the theoretical and methodological problems of modern sociological urbanism. There is no single approach among scientists to defining the concept of urban public space, which determines the relevance of the study of its interpretation and definition of essential properties. Public spaces are considered as a connecting element between the system and social levels of urban research, which correspond to the levels of integration identified by the modern sociologist E. Giddens. The article analyzes classical and modern approaches to the study of public space, there is reveals the course of evolution of sociological thought in relation to the formation of differentiation of types of spaces within cities. Based on the analysis of the works of modern sociologists and urbanists, such key features of public spaces as openness, socio-political neutrality, and symbolism were identified. Global processes and contradictions lead to an aggravation of the problem of the presence of the category of “Others” within public urban spaces, which are representatives of various segments of the population, with a variety of claims and interests. One of the consequences of the intensive development of digital technologies is a possible situation of “competition for the citizen” between traditional public spaces and online services. Assumptions are made about future transformations of social relations within public spaces as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals Protecting the Right to Privacy in China

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Jingchun
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Western World ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This article suggests the Chinese government should establish systematic legal protection for personal privacy in China. First, a brief introduction to the history of the concept of privacy in China is given. Based on the definition of privacy in the Western world, the modern concept of privacy has been absorbed by Chinese scholars and defined according to Chinese norms. During this process, the subjects and objects of the right to privacy have been chosen and the distinctions between the right to privacy, the right of reputation and the right to know have been made clear. This article considers that it is most important to recognise the right to privacy as an independent right both in the Constitution and Civil Code. Depending on the impact of the breach of privacy, liability for civil or criminal punishment should attach.  Besides these measures, a specific data protection law is also essential. 

scholarly journals The Humanitarian Impacts on Internal Conficts in Indonesia: A National Security Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denik Iswardani Witarti
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
The Impact

Internal con icts which frequently occur in some parts of Indonesia such as Aceh, Maluku, Poso and Papua have caused many casualties and losses. If it continues, this situation will threaten the regional security. This article explains the impact of the humanitarian problems as a result of internal con icts in Indonesia by analysing the national security concept. By using secondary data obtained from literature review and observations in con ict areas, this study depicts that the internal con icts that occur has led to insecurity of society, which could threaten for nation’s stability. The study concludes that the government’s inability to guarantee the security of the entire country could threaten national security.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Problems of Legal Support of Ecological, Biosphere and Genetic Safety in the System of National Security of the Russian Federation

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 96-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Zhavoronkova ◽  
V. B. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The paper is devoted to the study of theoretical problems of legal provision of ecological, biosphere and genetic security in the system of national security of the Russian Federation. It is noted that from the legal point of view the process of «legitimization» of the term (concept) of environmental safety has been successfully completed. This term is widely used in legislation and law enforcement practice, however, the term «environmental safety» still does not have a pronounced context, distinguishable, for example, from the terms «environmental protection», «environmental risk», «sustainable development». If there is a legitimate (conservative) understanding of environmental safety, there is still no modern legal and clear, unambiguous and essential content of the concept of «safety» (including genetic, biological, biosphere, evolutionary and other currently relevant types of safety). Attempts to define safety (along with vulnerability) through threats, damages, stability, losses, have the right to exist, but do not give adequate and substantial sense. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and strategic planning documents, it is concluded that new theoretical and methodological approaches to the understanding of both the basic concept of «safety» and the concept of «environmental safety» are required. According to the authors, due to the emergence of new global challenges and threats (genetic, biosphere, biological, climatic, etc.) in a specific law it is advisable to revise the underlying definition of environmental safety, stressing its specificity. It is important to form the conceptual framework, including the definition and assessment of threats, risks; to select standards and methods of evaluation, classification of threats, their records; to provide for the variability of action of state authorities and local self-government in case of security threats and also the mechanism of participation of citizens and public associations in environmental decision-making on issues of environmental safety. 

scholarly journals State national security policy and intellectual property issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zaikivskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Onistrat
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Security ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Keywords: state policy, national security, intellectual property National security (“NS”) of Ukraine is achieved through a balancedstate policy in accordance with accepted doctrines, strategies, concepts and programsin such areas as political, economic, social, military, environmental, scientific andtechnological, information, etc.However, many theoretical and practical issues concerning the definition of thecontent, challenges, tasks and mechanisms of implementation of effective functions ofpublic policy and management decisions for the further development of social processesstill remain insufficiently studied. Therefore, the main tasks of the NS system subjectsare constant monitoring of the impact on NS of processes taking place in variousfields (including intellectual property), forecasting, identifying and assessing possiblethreats, destabilizing factors and conflicts, their causes and occurrence consequences.In particular, the impact on NS (especially on defence capabilities) of the significantdevelopment of intellectual property and the full use of intellectual property rights isnot taken into account at all.State NS policy should include measures to prevent the emergence and neutralizationof sources of threats to NS under the influence of the development of intellectualproperty.Theoretical aspects of the state policy of National Security and Defence of Ukraine(“NSDU”) development are considered. The necessity of current problems definition inthis sphere and the inclusion of intellectual property questions in these processes isinvestigated. It is determined that the effective implementation of the state NS policyis impossible without a comprehensive analysis of intellectual property issues impacton the sphere of the NSDU. The importance of further research on the development ofa unified approach to improving the protection of intellectual property and its determinationas a component of NSDU, the development of appropriate recommendationsto address issues of intellectual property in this area and to neutralize sources ofthreats under the influence of intellectual property in the structure of NSDU.

Analyzing the protective functions of accounting and traces of illegal economic actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-906
Author(s):  
Sergei A. ZVYAGIN ◽  
Tat'yana N. FOMENKO
Keyword(s):  
Accounting System ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Crimes

Subject. The article addresses theoretical and methodological problems related to the analysis of protective functions of accounting process in the system of countering economic crimes and offenses. Objectives. The study focuses on reviewing the condition of protective functions in the accounting system at the current stage. Methods. We apply the systems and logical approaches, general scientific methods of knowledge to develop the framework of categories for accountants to implement the tasks they face to counteract economic crimes. Results. Based on our analysis, we developed a classification of accounting functions; formulated our own definition of protective functions of the accounting process; offered a unique classification of traces of illegal activities impacting the accounting process. The information containing traces of criminal economic impact may be demanded by law enforcement authorities and control and auditing bodies, audit organizations, and interested owners. Conclusions. The offered classification of accounting functions and traces of the impact of illegal activities on accounting process will enable to improve the quality of expert work on detecting, documenting, investigating and preventing illegal economic activities that are associated with accounting system.

scholarly journals Compliance Costs and the Privacy Act 1993: Perception of Reality for Organisations in New Zealand

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Emma Harding
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Western World ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This article suggests the Chinese government should establish systematic legal protection for personal privacy in China. First, a brief introduction to the history of the concept of privacy in China is given. Based on the definition of privacy in the Western world, the modern concept of privacy has been absorbed by Chinese scholars and defined according to Chinese norms. During this process, the subjects and objects of the right to privacy have been chosen and the distinctions between the right to privacy, the right of reputation and the right to know have been made clear. This article considers that it is most important to recognise the right to privacy as an independent right both in the Constitution and Civil Code. Depending on the impact of the breach of privacy, liability for civil or criminal punishment should attach.  Besides these measures, a specific data protection law is also essential. 

Architectural Approach to Design of Emotional Intelligent Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Shiller ◽  
Oleg E. Petrunya
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social And Environmental Risks

Over the past decades, due to the course towards digitalization of all areas of life, interest in modeling and creating intelligent systems has increased significantly. However, there are now a stagnation in the industry, a lack of attention to analog and bionic approaches as alternatives to digital, numerous speculations on “neuro” issues for commercial and other purposes, and an increase in social and environmental risks. The article provides an overview of the development of artificial intelligence (AI) conceptions toward increasing the human likeness of machines: from the key ideas of A. Turing and J. von Neumann, who initiated the digitalization of society, to discussions about the definition of AI and the emergence of conceptions of strong and weak AI. Special attention is paid to the approach of A. Sloman, to ideas about the architecture and design of complex artificial systems are considered, which make it possible to “emotionally” expand the idea of weak/strong AI. In the article's section on the necessity and possibility of incorporating emotions into the architecture of AI, the authors reveal the goals and methodological limitations for creating an emotional artificial agent. In addition, the article briefly presents the main principles of the authors' architectural approach to the creation of emotional intellectual systems on the example of the cognitive-affective model of architecture, which allow modeling the impact of emotions on the cognitive processes involved in decision-making processes. The described architectural approach to modeling intelligent systems can be used as a conceptual basis for discussing and formulating a strategy for the development of neurocomputing, philosophy of artificial intelligence, and experimental philosophy, for developing innovative research programs, formulating and solving theoretical and methodological problems.

scholarly journals On Systemic Issues of Public Administration in the Sphere of Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Aleksey M. Voronov ◽  
◽  
Anatoliy N. Sandugey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
National Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
State System ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the consideration of general problems of theoretical and methodological nature, which are of fundamental importance for the theory of state administration, management and administrative law. According to the authors, one of the pressing problems requiring scientific resolution remains the definition of criteria for assessing the impact of the migration situation on the national security of the country, the implementation of an effective State system for monitoring the migration situation, etc. In summary, the authors note that the development of an optimal model for building the organizational structure of state administration in the field of migration continues to be a pressing task. In this regard, one way to streamline the system of public administration in the field of migration is to establish a federal agency for immigration and naturalization.

scholarly journals DEFENSE STATES «SAFETY» AND «ECONOMIC SECURITY»

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Levkovets N ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The Impact

The content of such categories as «security» and «economic security of the state» is analyzed in the paper, the existing approaches to their definition are considered. The essence of the economic security of the state as a state of the economy, for which stable and scientifically grounded methods of neutralizing the negative impact of internal and external threats are presented. The purpose of the article is to investigate the definition of «security» and «economic security» and to clarify its content. The object of the study is the concept of «security» and «economic security». Research methods - comparative and expert analysis, methods of historical, logical and systematic analysis. The analysis of the literature on the interpretation of economic security makes it possible to conclude that there is no consensus among economist scholars on the definition of its essence and constituent elements. Further development of market relations is impossible without studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of this problem and creating an effective mechanism for ensuring economic security, so the problem is to understand the essence of economic security and to clearly identify its constituent elements, as well as timely detection of the impact of negative threats-factors in order to create their own system economic security, which will help to avoid the devastating effects of the national economy and to ensure its competitiveness. In general agreement with the opinion of scientists, it should be emphasized that most authors, in defining the economic security of the state, only distinguish the interests of the individual, society and the state as a whole, while the interests of economic entities - enterprises that are the main link of the state's economy, are not given sufficient attention. Summarizing the opinion of economists, it can be noted that national economic security is a state of protection of interests and ties between individuals, enterprises and states against internal and external threats. KEYWORDS: SECURITY, DEFINITIONS, ECONOMIC SECURITY, ANALYSIS, CONCEPT, CONCEPTS, COMPOSITIONS, LEVELS.

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