Fertility of sod-podzolic soils and productivity of perennial grasses in long-term use of mineral fertilizers at the background of liming

The results of long-term research on the photosynthetic activity of mixed crops of perennial grasses are presented, their productivity and the effect on the fertility of potentially poor soddy-podzolic soils are studied. It was found that in herbage based on clover, the maximum area (68.8 thousand m2/ha) and the photosynthetic potential of leaves (718 thousand m2/ha × day) on the control were formed by mixed crops of clover and festulolium, and against the background of mineral nutrition – mixtures clover with timothy (68.4 thousand m2/ha and 718) and festulolium (66.6 thousand m2/ha and 704 thousand m2/ha × day). In mixed crops with alfalfa mixtures with timothy and ryegrass, they had the highest leaf area – 57.9 and 57.5 thousand m2/ha and FP of 620 and 611 thousand m2/ha × day, respectively. A high leaf surface index was found in clover herbage with festulolium in control (6.88), timothy (6.84) and festulolium (6.66) against the background of mineral nutrition. Grass mixtures of alfalfa in productivity exceeded clover ones, the most productive on both backgrounds in terms of the yield of fodder units and protein collection turned out to be a grass mixture of alfalfa with festulolium – 7.19 in the control and 8.53 thousand / ha of fodder units when applying mineral fertilizers, 1069 and 1194 kg/ha of protein, respectively, sugar – festulolium on the control and festulolium and ryegrass on the background of mineral nutrition. The smallest amount of stubble-root residues (SRR) – 7.99, 8.32 in the control and 11.9, 14.5 t/ha against the background of mineral nutrition, respectively, accumulated grass stands of meadow clover with ryegrass and fescue due to a weak root system. The application of mineral fertilizers increased the amount of SRR in clover mixtures more strongly (by 55% on average) than in alfalfa (only by 26%), although in terms of the total amount of accumulated bio-residues, mixed crops of alfalfa exceeded clover crops – their maximum amount is 13.7 and 12.6 t/hectares on the control and 17.2, and 15.8 t/ha against the background of mineral nutrition accumulated mixtures of alfalfa with timothy and festulolium. Herbal mixtures with alfalfa accumulated more symbiotic nitrogen – from 54 to 58 kg/ha on the control and 56–74 kg/ha on the background of mineral nutrition. Mineral fertilizers significantly affected the symbiotic activity of only clover grass stands, increasing the amount of nitrogen fixed by them by 56%, and their effect on alfalfa mixtures was insignificant.

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YIELD OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND SOIL FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL IN CASE OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy ◽

10.18286/1816-4501-2021-2-71-77 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 250 ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

A. Yu. Gavrilova ◽

◽

A. M. Konova ◽

Keyword(s):

Perennial Grasses ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Mobile Forms ◽

Unit Dose ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Positive Effect

The article considers the effect of increasing doses and various combinations of mineral fertilizers applied to the cover crop on the yield and quality of a mixture of perennial grasses of two - years use, as well as the effect of fertilizers on the agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic light loamy soil. The objects of the study were Stodolich meadow clover and Leningradskaya 204 meadow timothy grass. The studies were carried out in two crop rotations - with standard and reduced single doses of mineral fertilizers. The research results showed that in the years (VIII rotation) when the unit dose of fertilizers was increased to N20P20K25, the yield of perennial grasses was higher compared to the harvest in the VII rotation. The most appropriate dose in the VII rotation on perennial grasses of the 1st year was N30P30K45, on grasses of the 2nd year - doses of N30P30K45 and N40P40K60. In the VIII rotation, the highest yield of perennial grasses of the 1st year of use was obtained at a dose of N160P160K200 (8.4 t / ha), of grasses of the 2nd year of use at doses of N80P80K100 and N100P100K125 (6.5 t / ha). Positive effect of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the content of soil organic matter has been noted. On the contrary, the soil acidity increased from 4.7 to 4.3 units with an increase of mineral doses. Higher doses of fertilizers increased the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil.

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The Changes of Nutrient Content in Soil in Long-term Fertilizer Experiments

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2015vol2.624 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Janis Vigovskis ◽

Aivars Jermuss ◽

Agrita Svarta ◽

Daina Sarkanbarde

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Calcium Lactate ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Calcium And Magnesium ◽

Drainage Field

The paper describes the influence of long term (more than 30 years) fertilizer application to the changes of soil properties and identifies the influence of different fertilization rates to phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium accumulation in soil.The research has been carried out at the Research Institute of Agriculture of Latvian University of Agriculture in the long-term subsurface drainage field established in Skrīveri in 1981 under the guidance of professor J. Štikāns. The long-term drainage field was established in the uncultivated gleyic sod-podzolic Hypostagnic Endogleyic Albeluvisol (Hypereutric), stw-ng-AB(he) loam that had not been used in agriculture for 20 years before. The experimental field was established with four rates of mineral fertilizers: without fertilizers, N45P30K45; N90P60K90 N135P90K135 calculated in form of P2O5 and K2O. Since 1994 a seven-year crop rotation has been organized: 1) winter triticale, 2) potatoes, 3) spring wheat, 4) spring oilseed rape, 5) spring barley + perennial grasses (red clover, timothy), 6) perennial grasses, 1st year of using, and 7) perennial grasses 2nd year of using. Mineral fertilizers were applied according to the anticipated rates of plant nutrient elements annually during the cultivation of soil before sowing. For winter cultivars the phosphorus as superphosphate and potassium as potassium chloride fertilizers were cultivated before the sowing in autumn and nitrogen in form of ammonium nitrate was applied the next spring at the beginning of vegetation and at the stage of tillering. During the vegetation period all the required common agro-technical measures were taken – treatment with herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.After 32 years of trial similar soil parameters showed significantly different content of nutrients related to the different level of fertilizer application. On a low background of fertilizers (N45P30K45) a small increase of mobile phosphorus in soil has only been observed in recent years. At the fertilizer rate N90P60K90 the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil gradually begins to grow. Fertilization norm N135P90K135 caused a constant accumulation of nutrients in soil. In 30 years’ time the content of exchangeable phosphorus (calcium lactate – extractable) has increased more than 20 times (from 9 till 184 mg P2O5 kg-1) and exchangeable potassium (calcium lactate – extractable) has increased more than 4 times (from 64 till 223 mg K2O kg-1). There were no relation between different fertilizing rates and calcium and magnesium content in soil observed.

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Development of precision farming technologies

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/843/1/012031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 843 (1) ◽

pp. 012031

Author(s):

M A Mazirov ◽

A O Ragimov ◽

A A Korchagin ◽

E M Shenterova ◽

S D Malakhova

Keyword(s):

Forest Soils ◽

Humus Horizon ◽

Field Studies ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Experimental Site ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Gray Forest Soils ◽

Long Line

Abstract The research was carried out on the territory of the Vladimir Opolye (Suzdal, Russian Federation). For the experimental site, in the watershed part of the plakor terrain with a slope of < 1°, a soil map was compiled. Field studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment measuring 86 m by 280 m with the total area of 2.41 hectares. Four tillage systems were studied in the experiment: 1. generally accepted dump-annual dump plowing; 2. combined-energy-saving-alternation of small non-fall treatments with dump plowing of perennial grasses; 3. combined-tier-alternation of small non-fall treatments with plowing with a long-line plow of perennial grasses; 4. anti-erosion-alternation of deep non-fall treatments with plowing of perennial grasses. The results showed a different reaction of soil to agrotechnological techniques. Gray forest soils with a second humus horizon have a higher potential fertility, the advantage of which when applying moderate doses of mineral fertilizers was 3.3-4.4 centners per hectare of grain units compared to the background gray forest soils. A further increase in the dose negates these differences. Deep soil loosening by 25-27 cm also shows the advantage of soils with a second humus horizon, the yield increases were 4.4-5.2 centners per hectare.

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The influence of crops on the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of the central floodplain of the Moksha River

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2019i8pp17-23 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Natalia Nikolaevna Ivanova ◽

Vasily Ivanovich Kargin ◽

Mikhail Nikolaevich Panasov ◽

Nadezhda Petrovna Molchanova

Keyword(s):

Water Extract ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Alluvial Soils ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Agrochemical Properties ◽

Perennial Herbs ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Salt Extract

Studies have shown that long-term cultivation of agricultural crops is influenced the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils. The perennial herbs affect the content of humus in the soil. In the sod layer under them is being 6,4–6,8 % of organic matter, in the subsurface – 5,3–5,9 %. Down the profile is reduced to 2.2–3.8 %. With long-term cultivation of potatoes, which after itself contains a little amount of root residues, the processes of decomposition of organic substances in the soil prevail over the processes of their synthesis. depends on Accordingly the content of humus is much lower (0.5–4.6 %). Alluvial soils under crops of the perennial herbs were characterized by neutral and slightly acidic active reaction of soil solution (pH of water extract is 6.5–7.5, pH of salt extract is 5.5–6.8). Under potatoes, the pH of the aqueous extract is reduced to 5,9–6,9, salt to 5,4–6,7, which is probably due to an increase in the pH of the upper horizons as a result of mineral fertilizers. Hydrolytic acidity of floodplain soils is rather low in all variants (1,1–2,7 mg/100 g of soil), it is characterized as neutral. The index of the sum of the exchange bases to a greater extent depends on the particle size distribution. Accordingly, it is high both under the perennial herbs and under potatoes. The studied alluvial soils are almost completely filled with bases. The value of this indicator is quite high: 91-97 %. Moreover, under the perennial herbs the index is 1-3 % in arable and 1-4 % in sub-arable horizons higher than under potatoes. The soils of the floodplain of The Moksha river are low in phosphorus and potassium in all variants of the experiment. Just above these figures were under the potatoes due to greater cultivation. With an increase in the level of agricultural technology, saturation of crop turnover with perennial grasses, a justified system of fertilization, the agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of the Central floodplain of The Moksha river are favorable for the stable harvest yields of vegetable and field crops.

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Formation of the productivity of grassland phytocenoses of non-cultivated slopes in the Precarpathian region depending on the modes of use and fertilization

Feeds and Feed Production ◽

10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201988-12 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

O. A. Hrytsan

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Status ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Soil Science ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Land Productivity ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Grassland Plants ◽

Jacob's Ladder ◽

Percentage Ratio

The article is a study in soil science, with an analysis of the grassland phytocoenosis productivity in the Precarpathian region (Eastern Carpathian Foothills). The analysis of the level of land productivity according to the modes of use or fertilization type is carried out and it is established that grassland phytocoenoses of the Precarpathian region are the main source of forage for the livestock industry, and they hold the most important soil-forming position in the ecosystem of the territory. The main reason for the rapid loss of valuable species of grassland herbs from phytocoenoses and degradation of sown grass stands in the meadows of the Precarpathian region is the deterioration of nutrient status and water-air regime in the soil. The percentage ratio of agrobotanical groups in the grasslands is comprised by herbs, cereals, sedges. Three types of plants represent the herb group. Groundsel (Senecio congestus) is predominant species in this group. Less common herbs of grassland are starwort (Stellaria radians) and Jacob's-ladder (Polemonium acutiggorum Willd). Arctophila yellow (Arctophila fulva (Trin) Anders) dominates among the cereals. Application of mineral fertilizers on the grasslands under conditions of the Precarpathian region at the rate of N120P90K120 with split dressing in spring and after the first haymaking at the rate of N60 provides an increase in the yield of herbs compared with the control of 125.5 centners of herbage per ha. It is established that extensive use of grasslands on sod-podzolic soils of the Precarpathian region leads to the development of degradation processes in the soil, decreases the resistance of perennial grasses to adverse habitat conditions. The main signs of degradation of cultivated meadows are the decrease of nutrient content in soil, soil dehumification, reduction in the productivity of phytocoenoses, decrease of the phytocoenoses of grasses and an increase in the number of grasses in the botanical composition, reduction of the area of projective cover of soil by plants, degrowth of inflorescence of grasses, decrease of the number of rhizome species of grassland plants. Based on this, the article also proposes ways to preserve and improve the productivity of grassland phytocoenoses and the studied types of soils.

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The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-181-191 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 181-191

Author(s):

M. Tkachenko ◽

N. Borys ◽

Ye. Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Active Substance ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

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Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

Multifunctional adaptive feed production № 23 (71) ◽

10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-38-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽

Oksana Artyuhova ◽

Vera Svirina

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Arable Land ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Field Crop ◽

Pure Steam ◽

Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

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TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2018/3/25-28 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 25-28

Author(s):

V. А. Shevchenko ◽

A. V. Nefedov ◽

A. V. Ilinskiy ◽

А. Е. Morozov

Keyword(s):

Humus Horizon ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Peat Layer ◽

Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Mineralization Processes ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

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SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-31-2-9-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Humus Content ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Northern Kazakhstan ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Positive Balance ◽

High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

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