scholarly journals Chronobiology Revisited in Psychiatric Disorders: From a Translational Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simge Seren Kirlioglu ◽  
Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Circadian Physiology ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Objective Several lines of evidence support a relationship between circadian rhythms disruption in the onset, course, and maintenance of mental disorders. Despite the study of circadian phenotypes promising a decent understanding of the pathophysiologic or etiologic mechanisms of psychiatric entities, several questions still need to be addressed. In this review, we aimed to synthesize the literature investigating chronobiologic theories and their associations with psychiatric entities.Methods The Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched and articles published between January 1990 and October 2019 were reviewed. Different combinations of the relevant keywords were polled. We first introduced molecular elements and mechanisms of the circadian system to promote a better understanding of the chronobiologic implications of mental disorders. Then, we comprehensively and systematically reviewed circadian system studies in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders.Results Although subject characteristics and study designs vary across studies, current research has demonstrated that circadian pathologies, including genetic and neurohumoral alterations, represent the neural substrates of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. Impaired HPA-axis function-related glucocorticoid rhythm and disrupted melatonin homeostasis have been prominently demonstrated in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, while alterations of molecular expressions of circadian rhythm genes including <i>CLOCK, PER</i>, and <i>CRY</i> have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders.Conclusion Further translational work is needed to identify the causal relationship between circadian physiology abnormalities and mental disorders and related psychopathology, and to develop sound pharmacologic interventions.

scholarly journals Chronobiology Revisited in Psychiatric Disorders: From a Translational Perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simge Seren Kirlioglu ◽  
Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Circadian Physiology ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Several lines of evidence support a relationship between circadian disruption in the onset, course, and maintenance of mental disorders. Despite the study of circadian phenotypes promising a decent understanding of the pathophysiologic or etiologic mechanisms of psychiatric entities, several questions still need to be addressed. In this review, we aimed to synthesize the literature investigating chronobiologic theories and their associations with psychiatric entities. We first introduced molecular elements and mechanisms of the circadian system to promote a better understanding of the chronobiologic implications of mental disorders. Then, we comprehensively and systematically reviewed circadian system studies in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. Current research has demonstrated that circadian pathologies, including genetic and neurohumoral alterations, represent the neural substrates of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. However, much more work is needed to identify the causal relationship between circadian physiology abnormalities and mental disorders, and to develop sound pharmacologic interventions.

scholarly journals Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 enhances the quality of circadian rhythm by stabilizing BMAL1

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Been Lee ◽  
Jihyun Park ◽  
Yongdo Kwak ◽  
Young-Un Park ◽  
Truong Thi My Nhung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Circadian Genes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The Core ◽  
E Box ◽  
Neuronal Proliferation ◽  
Circadian Physiology

AbstractDisrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a scaffold protein that has been implicated in multiple mental disorders. DISC1 is known to regulate neuronal proliferation, signaling, and intracellular calcium homeostasis, as well as neurodevelopment. Although DISC1 was linked to sleep-associated behaviors, whether DISC1 functions in the circadian rhythm has not been determined yet. In this work, we revealed that Disc1 expression exhibits daily oscillating pattern and is regulated by binding of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) heterodimer to E-box sequences in its promoter. Interestingly, Disc1 deficiency increases the ubiquitination of BMAL1 and de-stabilizes it, thereby reducing its protein levels. DISC1 inhibits the activity of GSK3β, which promotes BMAL1 ubiquitination, suggesting that DISC1 regulates BMAL1 stability by inhibiting its ubiquitination. Moreover, Disc1-deficient cells and mice show reduced expression of other circadian genes. Finally, Disc1-LI (Disc1 knockout) mice exhibit damped circadian physiology and behaviors. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the oscillation of DISC1 expression is under the control of CLOCK and BMAL1, and that DISC1 contributes to the core circadian system by regulating BMAL1 stability.

scholarly journals The epidemiological burden of major psychiatric disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dykxhoorn ◽  
James B. Kirkbride
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Key Issues

Psychiatric disorders, including common mental disorders, schizophrenia, and suicide, contribute substantially to the global burden of disease in terms of both morbidity and premature mortality, making them an important issue for public mental health. Epidemiological tools quantifying the burden of psychiatric disorders are important in furthering our understanding of psychiatric disorders and informing decision-making. In this chapter, we review major epidemiological studies from the past 30 years of psychiatric epidemiology to provide an overview of the burden of common mental disorders (depression and anxiety), psychotic disorders (schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders), and suicide. We also describe how the incidence and prevalence of these disorder vary by person and place, with a particular focus on the patterns of psychiatric disorders by ethnicity. Finally, we discuss the challenge of applying epidemiological evidence to public health, highlighting key issues facing public health professionals, researchers, and policymakers working in public mental health.

Neuropsychological Profile of Various Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-197
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Santhanakrishnan K.
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

In the current chapter, the neuropsychological profile of various neurological and psychiatric conditions is focused on, including two major divisions (i.e., dementia—cortical and sub-cortical—and major mental disorders—substance use disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, childhood disorders, personality disorders, and sexual disorders). Both divisions have sub-classifications that include introduction, etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, evaluation, treatment, and psychosocial aspects.

scholarly journals MENTAL DISORDERS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS AWAITING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343
Author(s):  
Lívia N F GUERREIRO-COSTA ◽  
José Edson O ARAÚJO-FILHO ◽  
Roberta Ferrari MARBACK ◽  
Ana Paula JESUS-NUNES ◽  
Mychelle MORAIS-DE-JESUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
High Prevalence

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is the main therapeutic alternative for patients with advanced liver disease. These patients have high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities that may negatively interfere in clinical outcomes and quality of life. It is not clear in the literature whether the different etiologies of hepatic disease have the same prevalence of psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients in the liver transplant list showed differences in psychiatric characteristics, medical variables and quality of life among different etiological groups. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that evaluates quality of life, psychiatric and clinical comorbidities through the application of validated questionnaires and instruments in 248 patients who were on transplant waiting list from 2010 to 2014, assisted in a University Hospital and in a Private Hospital in Salvador/Bahia, Brazil. The patients were evaluated through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. PLUS 5.0) and Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS: The etiology of the most prevalent liver disease was hepatitis C virus. A prevalence of 50.8% of at least one mental disorder was identified. When alcohol abuse/dependence was excluded, the prevalence was 25.8%. Mental health did not show a statistically significant difference in the diverse etiological groups, but a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities was detected among women and younger than 40 years. No cases of psychotic disorders were detected, possibly by exclusion prior to listing. There was no difference in the quality of life domains in the different liver etiological groups. CONCLUSION: A high-prevalence of psychiatric disorders was found among all clinical conditions most associated with indication for liver transplantation. Attention is drawn to the absence of patients with psychotic disorders, which suggests that transplantation may not have been indicated for this group of patients. For these reasons, professionals caring for liver transplant candidates should be highly vigilant for the presence of mental disorders, regardless of the etiology of liver disease. Specialized care is recommended to minimize the early exclusion of patients with no other therapeutic possibilities, as well as care of all people with mental disorders.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SYMPTOMS IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hiral Kotadia ◽  
Gupta Priyanka
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Common Content

Background : Obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS) have known to co-occur with various psychiatric disorders and have an impact on severity and course of these psychiatric disorders. Knowing the prevalence of OCS in different psychiatric disorders can give a better understanding about the illness and help in shaping its management. This study aims at finding prevalence, types & severity of OCS in patients presenting with different psychiatric disorders in Psychiatry Out patient department at a tertiary care institute. Methodology : A total of 380 patients were included in the. Clinical diagnosis of obsessions & compulsions was made as per criteria in Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM IV- TR). Yale brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) was applied for assessing severity of obsessive compulsive symptoms. Results & Conclusion: Prevalence of OCs in Psychiatric Disorders to be 5%. The Prevalence of OCS in patients with Psychotic Disorders was found to be 9.9% , in patients with Mood Disorders was found to be 6.6%, in patients with Anxiety Disorders was found to be 2.3% and in patients with Substance Use Disorders was found to be 1.8%. The most common Form of Obsession was Obsessive Thoughts (31.6%), the most common Content was Inanimate-Impersonal (31.6%) and the most common Compulsion was Washing (60%). Mean YBOCS Score of all 19 patients was 9.95 (SD=5.1, Median=9). 36.8% patients had Subclinical Severity (0-7), 47.4% patients had Mild Severity (8-15) and 15.8% patients had Moderate Severity (16-23). Psychotic & mood disorders were further assessed for types & severity of OCS. Though the prevalence of OCS in current study is less compared to previous studies, it still is significant. Thus various psychiatric disorders should be evaluated for presence of OCS.

Psychopharmacology of substance misuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Abou-Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
The Common ◽  
Psychosocial Approaches

The common occurrence of comorbid substance misuse and other psychiatric disorders has challenged the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of professionals concerned with the care of patients with these dual disorders. Combined pharmacological and psychological treatment approaches have evolved empirically drawing upon standard treatments with emphasis on psychosocial approaches to substance misuse for psychotic disorders and pharmacological approaches for mood disorders. Advances in the biology of both disorders have started to inform their psychopharmacology. The specific role of atypical antipscychotics is highlighted. Further studies of the biology of comorbidity will impact the use of effective pharmaceuticals such as clozapine with dual effects on schizophrenia and substance misuse.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Pandemic And Mental Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Aliyev NA
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objective: The literature on psychiatric disorders associated with the coronavirus pandemic is scarce. In publications, indicate increased anxiety, depression, aggression of other mental disorders. However, there are practically isolated cases of mental disorders associated with a pandemic of coronavirus disease. Materials and Methods: Eligible 50 participants to meeting the DSM-5 criteria for nosophobia, anxiety, and exacerbation of the main diseases of patients with mental. Results: All examined individuals showed various mental disorders. Conclusion: despite the fact that the patients examined by us did not suffer from the disease, COVID-19, but they had mental disorders of varying degrees: from neurotic to psychotic disorders.

Temperament Profiles of Children and Adolescents with Psychotic and Mood Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Natalia Zvereva ◽  
Mariia Zvereva ◽  
Luydmila Pyatnitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Two Age Groups

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Psychiatric disorders are often linked to dysfunctions within neurotransmitter systems, and the same systems play a role in healthy temperaments. Development of a common bio-behavioural taxonomy based on functionality of neurotransmitter systems suggests examining temperament profiles in patients with various psychiatric disorders. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> (1) To investigate temperament profiles in two age groups of children with delusional disorders; (2) to investigate temperament profiles in adolescents with mood disorders; (3) to investigate temperament profiles in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sample: in total 171 participants (M/F = 91/80), healthy children and teenagers (volunteers); two age groups of children with psychotic disorders; teens with mood disorders (clients of the Federal Mental Health Center) and healthy IVF. Parents of participants completed a test based on the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> (1) Both age groups of children with psychotic disorders had significantly lower scores on the scales of physical endurance, tempo, plasticity, and self-satisfaction, in comparison to healthy controls; the psychotic group aged 5–11 had also lower scores on the impulsivity scale, whereas the psychotic group 12–17 had lower scores on the social endurance and social tempo scales and higher neuroticism. (2) Teens with mood disorders had lower scores on the self-confidence-satisfaction scale and higher scores on the impulsivity scale, in comparison to controls. (3) No difference between IVF and naturally conceived children were found. The results show the benefits of using the FET framework for structuring the correspondence between psychiatric disorders and temperament as it differentiates between social versus physical aspects of behaviour and orientational versus executive aspects.

scholarly journals Nightmares in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3990
Author(s):  
Marine Ambar Akkaoui ◽  
Michel Lejoyeux ◽  
Marie-Pia d’Ortho ◽  
Pierre A. Geoffroy
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nightmare Treatment

Chronic nightmares are very common in psychiatric disorders, affecting up to 70% of patients with personality or post-traumatic stress disorders. In other psychiatric disorders, the relationships with nightmares are poorly known. This review aimed to clarify the relationship between nightmares and both mood and psychotic disorders. We performed a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases until December 2019, to identify studies of patients suffering from either a mood disorder or a psychotic disorder associated with nightmares. From the 1145 articles screened, 24 were retained, including 9 studies with patients with mood disorders, 11 studies with patients with psychotic disorders and 4 studies with either psychotic or mood disorders. Nightmares were more frequent in individuals with mood or psychotic disorders than in healthy controls (more than two-fold). Patients with frequent nightmares had higher suicidality scores and had more frequently a history of suicide attempt. The distress associated with nightmares, rather than the frequency of nightmares, was associated with the severity of the psychiatric disorder. Further studies assessing whether nightmare treatment not only improves patient–sleep perception but also improves underlying psychiatric diseases are needed. In conclusion, nightmares are overrepresented in mood and psychotic disorders, with the frequency associated with suicidal behaviors and the distress associated with the psychiatric disorder severity. These findings emphasize major clinical and therapeutic implications.

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