scholarly journals Bacterial Degradation of Bacteriostatic Polyphenols, Tannins

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-275
Author(s):  
Cherian Gloria Susan ◽  
Raja Madhan
Keyword(s):  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Mineral Salt Medium ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Bacillus Genus ◽  
Tannin Degradation ◽  
Substrate Deprivation ◽  
Visual Reading

Tannin degradation by bacteria has not been studied much as tannins are commonly known to be bacteriostatic due to enzyme inhibition, substrate deprivation, and the enzyme activity on the bacterial cell wall. However, about a handful of bacteria have been found to tolerate certain concentrations of tannin. This study focuses on isolating and identifying bacteria from decaying portions of tree bark for tannase production and effective catalysis of ester bond hydrolysis in tannins. Different concentrations of commercial tannic acid were used as the sole carbon source on mineral salt medium (MSM) agar plates, to test the maximum tolerable concentrations (MTCs) by the isolates. Tannin degradation was confirmed by a visual reading method and bacterial tannase activity and the biodegradation percentage were determined. One particular isolate was identified to have 50 g/L MTC of tannin, with a tannase activity of 51.61 U/mL that is optimum after 96 hours of incubation. The 16s rRNA sequencing results showed that the isolate belonged to Bacillus genus and the resulting bacterial strain isolate was found to be a new strain of Bacillus subtilis which was submitted to GenBank under the accession number MH330408.

Characterization of Chemolithoautotrophic Growth Herbaspirillum sp. Isolated from Volcanic Environment in Miyake-Jima Island, Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 924-927
Author(s):  
Hong Sheng Lu ◽  
Long Qing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Salt Medium ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Herbaspirillum Seropedicae ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenotypic Tests

A chemolithoautotrophic growth bacterium KP1-50T was isolated from 22-year-old volcanic deposits of Miyake-jima island (Japan) in this study. Its chemolithoautotrophic growth was tested using mineral salt medium (MS) medium under the atmosphere of H2, O2 and CO2. Phenotypic tests were mainly done with API 20NE kit system (bioMérieux). Phylogenetic position was determined by constructing the system tree. Chemolithoautotrophic growth of strain KP1-50T was proved by its growth curve with OD660 value of 0.5. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene sequences indicated that sequence similarity between this strain and Herbaspirillum seropedicae LMG 6513T was 97%. The major cellular fatty acids are C16:0(31.3%), C16:1w7c/C15:0 2-OH iso (26.5%), C18:1 iso/trans (22.7%). The DNA G+C content of strain KP1-50T was 58mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KP1-50T and H.seropedicae LMG6513T, H.putei NBRC102406T and H.rubrisubalbicans NBRC102523T were 14.7%, 22.7% and 12.5% respectively. Strain KP1-50T seemed to be a novel species of the genus Herbaspicrillum, its accession number was AB366195 and the name of Herbaspirillum chemorialis sp. nov. was proposed.

scholarly journals Bacterial Degradation of N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide (DEET): Cloning and Heterologous Expression of DEET Hydrolase

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 3105-3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giomar Rivera-Cancel ◽  
Daniela Bocioaga ◽  
Anthony G. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Ring Cleavage

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida DTB grew aerobically with N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as a sole carbon source, initially breaking it down into 3-methylbenzoate and diethylamine. The former was further metabolized via 3-methylcatechol and meta ring cleavage. A gene from DTB, dthA, was heterologously expressed and shown to encode the ability to hydrolyze DEET into 3-methylbenzoate and diethylamine.

scholarly journals Helicobacter aurati sp. nov., a Urease-Positive Helicobacter Species Cultured from Gastrointestinal Tissues of Syrian Hamsters

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 3722-3728 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Patterson ◽  
M. D. Schrenzel ◽  
Y. Feng ◽  
S. Xu ◽  
F. E. Dewhirst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Helicobacter Hepaticus ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Distinct Taxon

A novel helicobacter with the proposed name Helicobacter aurati (type strain MIT 97-5075c) has been isolated from the inflamed stomachs and ceca of adult Syrian hamsters. The new species is fusiform with multiple bipolar sheathed flagella and periplasmic fibers; it contains urease and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. By 16S rRNA sequencing and repetitive element PCR-based DNA fingerprinting, it was found that H. aurati represents a distinct taxon and clusters with Helicobacter muridarum, Helicobacter hepaticus, and Helicobacter sp. MIT 94-022. H. aurati was recovered from hamsters housed in various research and vendor facilities. Further studies are necessary to define its association with disease and other microbiota in hamsters, as well as its impact on research projects involving hamsters. H. aurati (GenBank accession number AF297868) can be used in animal experiments to define the factors that are important for gastric helicobacter pathogenesis.

Bacterial Degradation of 2-Methylisoborneol

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Izaguirre ◽  
R. L. Wolfe ◽  
E. G. Means
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) is a musty-odored compound occurring in natural waters that is difficult to remove by conventional water treatment methods. Biodegra-dation may be an alternative for its removal from drinking water. Studies were undertaken to determine the conditions enhancing MIB degradation and to isolate and identify the bacteria responsible. MIB degraders were enriched using mg/l levels of the compound, in a defined mineral medium, inoculated with water and sediment samples from reservoirs where MIB is seasonally produced. Cultures that degraded MIB were isolated and enumerated. Degradation occurred only in mixed cultures. MIB supported growth as sole carbon source at 1-6.7 mg/l. MIB at 10 µg/l was also degraded in sterile lake water inoculated with washed bacteria. The degradation of MIB at both µg/l and mg/l levels took from 7 days to more than 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Polyethylene Biodegradation Potentials of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus sp. Isolated from Waste Dumps and Farmlands in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Vincent Chigor ◽  
Chidiebele Nwankwo ◽  
Uchenna Ogbodo ◽  
Joseph Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Mineral Salt Medium ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Standard Procedures

Background: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) are plastic materials extensively used in packaging, constituting recalcitrant environmental pollutants that defy natural degradation processes. Aim: This study isolated bacteria from a Nigerian environment and assessed their potential for LDPE biodegradation. Methods: Using standard procedures, Bacteria were isolated from polythene samples collected from farmlands and waste dump sites in Nsukka metropolis. Mineral salt medium (MSM) was prepared, with LPDE as sole carbon source, and used for isolation. Optical density (OD600 nm) was used to study bacterial growth on LDPE as sole carbon source as proof of biodegradation. Both organisms demonstrated steady growth on LDPE over time. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus sp. were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Ability to grow on LDPE as a sole carbon source was studied as evidence of polyethylene biodegradation. Organisms were inoculated into MSM and incubated at 37°C and 50°C for 15 days. Maximum growth was recorded after 15 days of incubation for both organisms. P. aeruginosa and Micrococcus sp. showed steady growth at 37°C as well as 50 ⁰C. Micrococcus sp. recorded highest growth; 0.324 nm and 0.312 nm at 37°C and 50°C respectively, after 15 days. Similarly, P. aeruginosa recorded highest growth of 0.40 nm and 0.258 nm for 37°C and 50°C respectively. LDPE degradation increased with increase in time. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the enormous polyethylene-degrading potentials of P. aeruginosa and Micrococcus sp. isolated from Nsukka, Nigeria.

Depiction of chitinase extracted from Serratia marcescens SU05 on Agriculturally important Fungi

2021 ◽  
pp. 2412-2416
Author(s):  
Narendrakumar G ◽  
Karthick Raja Namasivayam S ◽  
Santhosh Saravanan M
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Fragmentation Test ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Dual Plate ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Traditional method of controlling fungi and use of chemical pesticides, which have already been proved harmful to the environment. Hence is a potential alternative in biological control using chitinase enzyme. Thus, the necessity to achieve large scale, cost effective production of active preparations of this biopesticides has been increased. Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacilli isolated from soil and identified using basic biochemical test and 16s rRNA sequencing and accession number KX002030 was obtained, that produces chitinase. This enzyme will be optimized for maximum production at various factors and media components. The extracted and partially purified enzyme (ammonium sulphate and dialysis) will be used in the analysis of for the effect of cell wall destruction of fungi pathogens. Biocontrol potential of Chitinase, dual plate assay, hyphal fragmentation test were analyzed against Alternaria alternata.

scholarly journals Production of Glucose Isomerase from Streptomyces roseiscleroticus

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Okwuenu Prosper Chinyelum ◽  
Onosakponome Iruogene ◽  
Oparaji Emeka Henry
Keyword(s):  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Glucose Isomerase ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Strain

This study was aimed at the isolation and characterization of a microbial strain capable of producing glucose isomerase. Microbial strain was isolated from soil using starch casein agar as a differential media. The isolated microbial strain was capable of producing glucose isomerase which was tested using 2, 3, 5 - triphenyltetrazolium solution as a chromogenic substrate. The microbial strain was identified as Streptomyces species based on its morphological and microscopic characteristics. It was further subjected to molecular characterization using 16S rRNA sequencing and was subsequently confirmed as Streptomyces roseiscleroticus. Glucose isomerase was produced from Streptomyces roseiscleroticus after 120 hr of submerged fermentation at pH 6.8 and at 37°C utilizing xylose as the sole carbon source and a compendium of peptone, beef and yeast extracts as nitrogen sources. These findings suggest that the microbial strain, Streptomyces roseiscleroticus can be a useful bacterial source for the production of glucose isomerase needed for commercial and industrial utilization.

scholarly journals Segmented co-infection of tree bark by different fungus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Secondary Ion

Co-existence of microbes in a community is the de facto state of microbial lifestyle in almost all niches on Earth. Thus, microbes live with other microbial species in close proximity, and evolution has selected for specific methods of communication between microbes that facilitated chemical cross-talk for understanding the identities of different microbes, and their relative antagonistic behaviour towards each other. Observation of different patches of dark and white on a tree bark highlights possible segmented co-infection of the bark with at least two different species of fungi. Although without clear boundary of separation between patches, antagonistic behaviour between the two species could not be ruled out. Other forms of interactions such as mutualism and symbiosis between the different fungal species could be elucidated with time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) profiling of the biomolecules and chemicals mediating the communication highway between the microbes, whose identities could be determined by 16S rRNA sequencing.

scholarly journals Segmented co-infection of tree bark by different fungus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Secondary Ion

Co-existence of microbes in a community is the de facto state of microbial lifestyle in almost all niches on Earth. Thus, microbes live with other microbial species in close proximity, and evolution has selected for specific methods of communication between microbes that facilitated chemical cross-talk for understanding the identities of different microbes, and their relative antagonistic behaviour towards each other. Observation of different patches of dark and white on a tree bark highlights possible segmented co-infection of the bark with at least two different species of fungi. Although without clear boundary of separation between patches, antagonistic behaviour between the two species could not be ruled out. Other forms of interactions such as mutualism and symbiosis between the different fungal species could be elucidated with time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) profiling of the biomolecules and chemicals mediating the communication highway between the microbes, whose identities could be determined by 16S rRNA sequencing.

scholarly journals Low-Density Polyethylene Film Biodegradation Potential by Fungal Species from Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Sarunpron Khruengsai ◽  
Teerapong Sripahco ◽  
Patcharee Pripdeevech
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Mineral Salt Medium ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Ldpe Film

Accumulated plastic waste in the environment is a serious problem that poses an ecological threat. Plastic waste has been reduced by initiating and applying different alternative methods from several perspectives, including fungal treatment. Biodegradation of 30 fungi from Thailand were screened in mineral salt medium agar containing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films. Diaporthe italiana, Thyrostroma jaczewskii, Collectotrichum fructicola, and Stagonosporopsis citrulli were found to grow significantly by culturing with LDPE film as the only sole carbon source compared to those obtained from Aspergillus niger. These fungi were further cultured in mineral salt medium broth containing LDPE film as the sole carbon source for 90 days. The biodegradation ability of these fungi was evaluated from the amount of CO2 and enzyme production. Different amounts of CO2 were released from D. italiana, T. jaczewskii, C. fructicola, S. citrulli, and A. niger culturing with LDPE film, ranging from 0.45 to 1.45, 0.36 to 1.22, 0.45 to 1.45, 0.33 to 1.26, and 0.37 to 1.27 g/L, respectively. These fungi were able to secrete a large amount of laccase enzyme compared to manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase enzymes detected under the same conditions. The degradation of LDPE films by culturing with these fungi was further determined. LDPE films cultured with D. italiana, T. jaczewskii, C. fructicola, S. citrulli, and A. niger showed weight loss of 43.90%, 46.34%, 48.78%, 45.12%, and 28.78%, respectively. The tensile strength of LDPE films cultured with D. italiana, T. jaczewskii, C. fructicola, S. citrulli, and A. niger also reduced significantly by 1.56, 1.78, 0.43, 1.86, and 3.34 MPa, respectively. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveal an increasing carbonyl index in LDPE films culturing with these fungi, especially C. fructicola. Analysis of LDPE films using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the biodegradation by the presence of morphological changes such as cracks, scions, and holes on the surface of the film. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from LDPE films cultured with these fungi were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). VOCs such as 1,3-dimethoxy-benzene, 1,3-dimethoxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, and 1,1-dimethoxy-decane were detected among these fungi. Overall, these fungi have the ability to break down and consume the LDPE film. The fungus C. fructicola is a promising resource for the biodegradation of LDPE which may be further applied in plastic degradation systems based on fungi.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document