scholarly journals Review of Intraperitoneal Injection of Sodium Pentobarbital as a Method of Euthanasia in Laboratory Rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A Laferriere ◽  
Daniel SJ Pang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
North America ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Welfare Implications

Euthanasia is one of the most commonly performed procedures in biomedical research, involving tens of millions of animals in North America and Europe every year. The use of sodium pentobarbital, injected intraperitoneally, for killing rodents is described as an acceptable technique by the AVMA and CCAC euthanasia guidelines. This drug and route are recommended over inhalant anesthetics, carbon dioxide, and physical methods for ethical and aesthetic reasons as well as efficiency. However, a growing body of evidence challenges the efficacy and utility of intraperitoneal pentobarbital. This methodology has been described as inconsistent and may induce pain and stress. With these considerations in mind, a review of the literature is needed to assess the evidence surrounding this killing method, the associated welfare implications, and potential for refinement.

scholarly journals Early Detection Methods for Silicosis in Australia and Internationally: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8123
Author(s):  
Emma K. Austin ◽  
Carole James ◽  
John Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Occupational Lung Disease ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Future Work

Pneumoconiosis, or occupational lung disease, is one of the world’s most prevalent work-related diseases. Silicosis, a type of pneumoconiosis, is caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Although silicosis can be fatal, it is completely preventable. Hundreds of thousands of workers globally are at risk of being exposed to RCS at the workplace from various activities in many industries. Currently, in Australia and internationally, there are a range of methods used for the respiratory surveillance of workers exposed to RCS. These methods include health and exposure questionnaires, spirometry, chest X-rays, and HRCT. However, these methods predominantly do not detect the disease until it has significantly progressed. For this reason, there is a growing body of research investigating early detection methods for silicosis, particularly biomarkers. This literature review summarises the research to date on early detection methods for silicosis and makes recommendations for future work in this area. Findings from this review conclude that there is a critical need for an early detection method for silicosis, however, further laboratory- and field-based research is required.

scholarly journals Evaluation of large-scale carbon dioxide storage potential in the basal saline system in the Alberta and Williston Basins in North America

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 2911-2920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxiang Liu ◽  
Wesley D. Peck ◽  
Jason R. Braunberger ◽  
Robert C. Klenner ◽  
Charles D. Gorecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
North America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Storage ◽  
Storage Potential

scholarly journals Oral leukoplakia treatment with the carbon dioxide laser: A systematic review of the literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Mogedas-Vegara ◽  
Juan-Antonio Hueto-Madrid ◽  
Eduardo Chimenos-Küstner ◽  
Coro Bescós-Atín
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Review Of The Literature

The Practice of Spiritual Criminology: A Non-Doing Companionship for Crime Desistance

2022 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110668
Author(s):  
Gila Amitay ◽  
Natti Ronel
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Level ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Moral Atmosphere ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Crime Desistance ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Criminological Theories

Spiritual criminology (SC) is an umbrella term for various criminological theories, models and practices that share reference to the spiritual dimension of human existence. Informed by a growing body of research that applies spiritual approaches to various aspects of criminology, SC attempts to provide a common thread shared by most approaches to spirituality: a voluntary self-journey that begins with an elevated level of self-centeredness and is aimed at self-transformation. Based on an extensive review of the literature, this paper proposes three general principles for spiritual accompaniment of people who offended: mindful non-doing, being and acting; love and compassion; and compassionate inclusion. These principles can be applied by combining several practices: renouncing control over knowledge, process and outcomes; creating a moral atmosphere that includes forgiveness and nonjudgment; and self-modeling. SC is shown to contribute to the rehabilitation of people who offended and also to crime prevention.

THE METABOLISM OF 2-C14-ADENINE IN THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
S. H. Zbarsky ◽  
A. R. P. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Metabolic Conversion

The metabolism of 2-C14-adenine has been studied in the rat. Following intraperitoneal injection of the labelled material, isotope was found in the adenine and guanine of the visceral nucleic acids. Allantoin was the major radioactive metabolite excreted in the urine, and radioactive adenine and uric acid were also shown to be present. The finding of radioactivity in the urinary urea indicated a significant metabolic conversion of the 2-carbon of adenine to carbon dioxide. This result agreed with the finding of 8.5–9.4% of the injected radioactivity in the respiratory carbon dioxide. Possible mechanisms whereby carbon 2 of adenine may be metabolized to carbon dioxide are discussed.

scholarly journals Water Hemlock (Cicuta Douglasii) Toxicoses in Sheep: Pathologic Description and Prevention of Lesions and Death

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kip E. Panter ◽  
Dale C. Baker ◽  
Phil O. Kechele
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
North America ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Excessive Salivation ◽  
Grand Mal ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Water hemlock causes numerous livestock losses in North America every year. Description of pathologic and serum biochemical changes has been lacking in the literature. Tubers of western water hemlock ( Cicuta douglasii) induced excessive salivation, tremors, grand mal seizures, skeletal and cardiac myodegeneration, and death in sheep given 1.2–2.7 g fresh tuber/kg body weight by gavage. Seizures were intermittent with periods of relaxation until death occurred from anoxia during seizure activity. In sheep given 1.5–2.5 times the lethal dose of water hemlock by gavage, intravenous administration of sodium pentobarbital at the onset of the first seizure prevented further seizure activity and skeletal and cardiac myodegeneration and resulted in rapid and complete recovery.

THE METABOLISM OF C14-UREA IN THE RAT

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
S. H. Zbarsky ◽  
W. D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Expired Air

Urea, labelled with carbon14, was synthesized and administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection. The excretion of the carbon14 was followed by analysis of the urine and expired carbon dioxide for radioactivity at various times after the injection and the distribution of the isotope was determined by analysis of organs, blood, and carcass. A portion of the injected urea was rapidly metabolized, up to 17% of the isotope being excreted in the expired air after three hours and 30% after 48 hr. The highest output of C14O2 occurred during the second hour after injection. Most of the remaining isotope was excreted in the urine as urea. After three hours only a small percentage of the injected carbon14 was present in the kidney, liver, and blood, largely as urea. There appeared to be little incorporation of the isotope into the tissues.

scholarly journals Gastric Plexiform Fibromyxoma Arising in the Cardia in an Adolescent Male: A Rare Tumor with an Unusual Location

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Awrad Nasralla ◽  
Mufeed Alwabari ◽  
Osama Alsaif ◽  
Samir S. Amr
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
North America ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Unique Case

Plexiform fibromyxoma of the stomach, also known as plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor, is a rare benign gastric mesenchymal tumor, first described in 2007, which usually arises in the gastric antrum and affects adults. Few cases have been reported in children and adolescents. It can present with different clinical manifestations including abdominal pain, dyspepsia, hematemesis, and vomiting. Preoperatively, this tumor is usually diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and the correct diagnosis is made only after histopathological examination following surgical resection. Most cases were reported from East Asia (China, Japan, and Korea), North America, and Europe. We report herein a unique case of plexiform fibromyxoma, the first to be reported from the Middle East, arising in the cardia of the stomach in a 16-year-old adolescent male, with a brief review of the literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document