Compulsions and Personality Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Mara Luiza Vieira Ceroni ◽  
Cláudia Abude
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

This article proposes a reflection on the possible causes and diagnosis of people involved in violent shootings. The policies for prevention of those social tragedies remain somewhat controversial and vaguely addressed, lacking theoretical attention (Rocque & Duwe, 2018). One of the main diagnoses involved in those cases, according to literature, is Schizoid Personality Disorder-SPD with characteristics of detachment, isolation and difficulties of contact with other human beings (DSM-5, 2013). The loss of capacity to establish social relationships and intimacy hamper and may sometimes impede a psychological treatment based on connection possibilities. Juvenile violence statistics increased dramatically in the last 50 years and because of this, early diagnosis is important for the prevention and treatment of these cases. At the same time, further research and case studies are a pressing need (Rocque, 2017). For diagnosed SPD patients, Bioenergetics Analysis stands out in a scenario in which rapprochement and contact are a priority, also as an approach that is open to new care techniques and alternatives investigations in helping people to open their hearts to life and love. If this objective is not achieved, the outcome, according to Lowen (1991) is tragic.

A source, a cascade, a schizoid: A heuristic proposal from The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Lenzenweger
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Interpersonal Connectedness ◽  
Early Parent

AbstractIt is argued that personality pathology represents the final emergent product of a complex interaction of underlying neurobehavioral systems as well as environment inputs. A number of factors may be involved in the developmental pathway and a cascading of effects is plausible, although a unifying cascade for all personality disorders is not likely. The present study suggests a possible cascade relevant to one personality disorder: schizoid personality disorder in emerging adulthood. In brief, it is hypothesized that the absence of a relationship characterized by a rich degree of psychological proximal process in early childhood, which is associated with nurturance and the facilitation of more complex development, predicts impairment in the actualization of the affiliation system (i.e., that system that facilitates interpersonal connectedness and social bonds in human beings and is under substantial genetic influence), and this impairment in the affiliation system predicts the appearance of schizoid personality disorder symptoms in emerging adulthood (late teens/early 20s), which persists over time into emerging adulthood. The impairment in the affiliation system is argued to proceed through childhood sociality as reflected in temperament on through adult personality as reflected in communal positive emotion. Furthermore, it is also hypothesized that the relationship between proximal processes and the affiliation system maintains irrespective of other childhood temperament factors that might adversely impact early parent/caregiver and child relations. The data for a preliminary illustration of this possible cascade are drawn from The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders, which is a prospective, multiwave study of personality disorders, personality, and temperament in a large sample of adults drawn from a nonclinical population.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Persian Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders of DSM-5-Personality Version (SCID-5-PD)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banafsheh Gharraee ◽  
Amir Shabani ◽  
Samira Masoumian ◽  
Somayeh Zamirinejad ◽  
Hooman Yaghmaeezadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Dependent Personality Disorder ◽  
Dependent Personality ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of a structured clinical interview for personality disorders based on DSM-5 (R) (SCID-5-PD) in the population of patients with psychiatric disorders in Tehran.Method: The study population includes all outpatients and inpatients referred to three psychiatric centers in Tehran, including Iran Psychiatric Hospital, Rasoul Akram Hospital and Clinic of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Psychiatric Institute). Inclusion criteria were age between 16 and 70 years, written Informed consent and the ability to understand and speak in Persian and no special physical problems that interfere with the interview process. Sampling in this study was done by Convenience sampling. In this study, in addition to the demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of SCID-5-PD was used. Finally, in order to evaluate the information, the methods of face and content validity and diagnostic validity, test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability were used.Results: the diagnoses related to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline and antisocial kappa were higher than 0.4 and the diagnoses related to avoidant personality disorder were dependent and in other certain disorders are below 0.4. Regarding borderline personality disorder with kappa 0.839, the highest agreement was reported between the two reports of the psychiatrist and the SCID interviewer. Also, the specificity results were mostly better than the sensitivity results, and in all diagnoses except obsessive-compulsive and paranoid personality disorder, the specificity was higher than 0.9 and in these two diagnoses, the specificity was higher than 0.85, which indicates the desired characteristic. SCID-5-PD. The sensitivity of all diagnoses except avoidant and dependent personality disorder was also reported to be higher than 0.8; But the susceptibility of avoidant and dependent personality disorder was 0.66. Also, the study of LR + / LR- ratio showed that this tool has the best diagnosis for histrionic, antisocial and schizotypal personality disorder. It is also suitable for other personality disorders except schizoid personality disorder and certain other disorders.Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, SCID-5-PD can be used in psychiatric clinics and hospitals as a diagnostic tool. In general, this version is suitable for most diagnoses; but with regard to diagnoses of schizoid personality disorder and certain other disorders, this should be done with more caution.

Treatment Outlines for Paranoid, Schizotypal and Schizoid Personality Disorders

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder

Treatment outlines for paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid personality disorders were developed by having nominated experts consider their own views in the light of the treatment literature and the responses of practising psychiatrists. In the detailed recommendations it is clear that while patients with all three disorders often present for treatment in a crisis and often see no issue other than the resolution of the crisis, patients with schizoid personality disorder can use long-term psychotherapy to develop and change to the extent of no longer being handicapped.

scholarly journals Expert Evaluation of «Another Unhealthy Conditions»

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Mental Pathology

Patients who have had chronic mental disorders, another unhealthy conditions, mental retardation are considered to be irresponsible. Special interest represent is disorders, which expect as “another unhealthy conditions”. Mental disorders consider without process basis (pathokinesis have has chronic or acute psychosis), dementia. Another unhealthy conditions is quality differences from mental standard, but it does happen expressive that does irresponsible.56 men have been examined in the department of Personality Disorders and psyhogenias. Age: 20-60 years old. Disorders experts as “another unhealthy conditions” includes of the Classification ICD-10: Personality Disorders (F 60 - F 61), organic Personality Disorders (F 06.3 - F 07.9), mentally retardness of slight degree with breach of behaviour (F 70.1). Diagnosis of Paranoid Personality Disorder and Schizoid Personality Disorder were most common.Analysis of expert evaluation is show that it is necessary to estimate psychological criteria of irresponsibility. Analysis of pathological symptoms, structure of personality and cognitive disorders, disposition of crime, situational and motivational factors are show that it is necessary to estimate a depth of mental pathology, disturbance of critical abless and defects of personality and intellectual functions to expects conclusions of irresponsibility.

Gender Stereotypes for Paranoid, Antisocial, Compulsive, Dependent, and Histrionic Personality Disorders

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 976-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth M. Rienzi ◽  
David J. Scrams
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Gender Role Stereotypes ◽  
Significant Agreement ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder

To assess similarity between gender-role stereotypes and the personality disorder prototypes, university students (31 women and 13 men) were asked to assign gender to six descriptions of DSM-III—R personality disorders. Significant agreement was found in gender assignment for five of the six descriptions. Descriptions of the paranoid, antisocial, and compulsive personality disorders were viewed as male, and descriptions of the dependent and histrionic personality disorders were viewed as female. The description of schizoid personality disorder was not significantly gender-typed.

scholarly journals Schizoid personality disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. e020484
Author(s):  
Gerhard Dammann
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Video Lecture ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clinical Cases

The schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a lack of interest in close relationships, both in the family and in other interpersonal relationships, including intimate/sexual interactions, a superiority of introverted activities, emotional coldness, estrangement and flattened affect (DSM-5). This video lecture is devoted to the review of the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of this disorder. In addition, the lecture examines clinical cases and an example of managing such patients.

scholarly journals Review of pharmacologic treatment in cluster A personality disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessa Koch ◽  
Taylor Modesitt ◽  
Melissa Palmer ◽  
Sarah Ward ◽  
Bobbie Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality ◽  
Cluster A

Abstract Introduction: A personality disorder is a pervasive and enduring pattern of behaviors that impacts an individual's social, occupational, and overall functioning. Specifically, the cluster A personality disorders include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. Patients with cluster A personality disorders tend to be isolative and avoid relationships. The quality of life may also be reduced in these individuals, which provokes the question of how to treat patients with these personality disorders. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature for pharmacologic treatments for the cluster A personality disorders. Methods: A Medline/PubMed and Ovid search was conducted to identify literature on the psychopharmacology of paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. There were no exclusions in terms of time frame from article publication or country of publication, in order to provide a comprehensive analysis; however, only articles that contained information on the cluster A disorders were included. Results: Minimal evidence regarding pharmacotherapy in paranoid and schizoid personality disorders was found. Literature was available for pharmacologic treatment of schizotypal personality disorder. Studies evaluating the use of olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol, fluoxetine, and thiothixene did yield beneficial results; however, treatment with such agents should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Discussion: Most of the literature analyzed in this review presented theoretical ideas of what may constitute the neurobiologic factors of personality and what treatments may address these aspects. Further research is needed to evaluate specific pharmacologic treatment in the cluster A personality disorders. At this time, treatment with pharmacologic agents is based on theory rather than evidence.

Does change in temperament predict change in schizoid personality disorder? A methodological framework and illustration from the Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Lenzenweger ◽  
John B. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPersonality disorders (PDs) have been thought historically to be enduring, inflexible, and set in psychological stone relatively firmly; however, empirical findings from recent prospective multiwave longitudinal studies establish otherwise. Nearly all modern longitudinal studies of personality disorder have documented considerable change in PDs over time, suggesting considerable flexibility and plasticity in this realm of psychopathology. The factors and mechanisms of change in the PDs remain essentially opaque, and this area of PD research is just beginning to be probed using candidate predictors of change, such as personality systems. In this report, we investigate whether change in temperament dimensions (emotionality, activity, and sociability) predicts change in schizoid personality disorder. We present a latent growth framework for addressing this question and provide an illustration of the approach using data from the Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Schizoid personality disorder was assessed using two different methodologies (structured psychiatric interview and self-report) and temperament was assessed using a well-known psychometric measure of temperament. All constructs were measured at three time points over a 4-year time period. To analyze these panel data, we fitted a covariance structure model that hypothesized simultaneous relationships between initial levels and rates of change in temperament and initial levels and rates of change in schizoid personality disorder. We found that rates of change in the core temperament dimensions studied do not predict rates of change in schizoid personality over time. We discuss the methodological advantages of the latent growth approach and the substantive meaning of the findings for change in schizoid personality disorder.

scholarly journals The role of personality disorder in ‘difficult to reach’ patients with depression: Findings from the ODIN study

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan D. Kelly ◽  
Patricia Casey ◽  
Graham Dunn ◽  
Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos ◽  
Christopher Dowrick
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Comorbid Diagnosis ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Specific Disorders

AbstractIndividuals with personality disorders (especially paranoid personality disorder) tend to be reluctant to engage in treatment. This paper aimed to elucidate the role of personality disorder in predicting engagement with psychological treatment for depression. The Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN) involves six urban and three rural study sites throughout Europe at which cases of depression were identified through a two-stage community survey. One patient in seven who was offered psychological treatment for depression had a comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder (most commonly paranoid personality disorder). Forty-five percent of patients who were offered psychological treatment for depression did not complete treatment. The odds of completion were higher for patients with a comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder, especially paranoid, anxious or dependent personality disorder. The relatively low number of cases with some specific personality disorders (e.g. schizoid personality disorder) limited the study's power to reach conclusions about these specific disorders. This study focused on a community-based sample which may lead to apparently lower rates of engagement when compared to studies based on treatment-seeking populations. Episodes of depression in the context of personality disorder may represent a valuable opportunity to engage with patients who might otherwise resist engagement.

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