scholarly journals Reorganization of the structural elements of the venous wall in oncogenic pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
P.Ya. Bodnar ◽  
Ya.Ya. Bodnar ◽  
T.V. Bodnar ◽  
L.P. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Venous Wall

The objective: an identification of changes and reorganization of structural elements of the venous wall, their correlation with cancer processes in the organism; the establishment of the relationship between structural changes in the wall of the venous vessels and thrombosis, with the following complications; the determination of the necessity of the preventive measures to avoid complications. Materials and methods. Histological, submicroscopic and polarization data of the research of the veins of the hind limbs of 12 sexually mature nonlinear male rats weighing 170–180 g on the 30th day of chronic neoplastic intoxication were analyzed. A retrospective analysis of the autopsy protocols of cancer patients (n=54), the largest incidences – pulmonary embolism, during 2014-2018 in the Ternopil Regional Clinical Oncology Center was performed. The average age of women who died was 61.93±1.51 years and 62.44±2.61 years – for men.Results. As a result of morphological examination of the veins of the hind limbs of rats with experimental neoplastic intoxication revealed mainly submicroscopic reorganization of endothelial cells and their desquamation, as well as platelet aggregation that can be one of the links in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.According to a retrospective analysis of the autopsy protocols, the proportion of pulmonary embolism was higher among women (61.1 %) than men (38.9 %). The structure of oncopathology in this group of patients: bronchial and lung cancer (18.5 %); neoplasms of the uterine body (22.2 %); rectum cancer (13.0 %), colon cancer (7.4 %), rectosigmoid junction cancer (5.6 %); bladder cancer (9.3 %); gastric cancer (7.4 %); ovarian cancer (7.4 %); prostate cancer (5.6 %); thyroid cancer (1.8 %); pancreatic cancer (1.8 %). In all cases of autopsy phlebothrombosis of the deep veins of the leg and thigh with impaired blood flow caused by occlusion by blood clots of various manifestations of the structural organization was revealed. In five cases, fresh red blood clots were found, which were closely connected with the intima by fibrin threads, in five other cases – red blood clots were freely located in the lumen of the vein, swelling of all layers of the vein, fibrous structure and diffuse neutrophil infiltration were found. In the remaining 44 cases, vein occlusion was detected by already organized thrombi with signs of fibrosis, recanalization, and revascularization.Conclusions. The study of the morphology of rat hind limb veins with experimental neoplastic intoxication mainly revealed changes in the shape, structure and function of endotheliocytes, their desquamation and changes in all three layers of the venous wall as well as platelet ligation. The relationship between the presence of changes in the venous wall as a result of cancer and the formation of thrombosis was found. The number of thromboembolic complications emphasizes the necessity to prevent thrombosis in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Endotelial dysfunction in condition of neoplastic intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3 (99)) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
P. Bodna ◽  
Ya. Bodnar ◽  
T. Bodnar ◽  
Yu. Soroka ◽  
L. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Endothelial Layer ◽  
Venous Wall

In patients with cancer, the risk of pulmonary embolism increases 4-7 times compared to other patients of the same age and similar concomitant diseases. The greatest risk exists after surgery and during chemotherapy. An increase in the risk of thrombosis in cancer patients is a multifactorial complex phenomenon, the causes of which are an increase in the number of platelets, changes in the rheological properties of blood, as well as reactive structural changes in the vascular wall, valves and endotheliocytes. The latter factor of pathogenesis is insufficiently studied and is not used to assess the risks of thrombosis and prevent thrombosis in cancer patients. However, this topic is promising in the search for opportunities to study the pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism, and, accordingly, to assess the risks in different groups of patients and methods of prevention and options for clinical tactics in cases of venous thrombosis.Objective. To find out the dynamics of the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, in particular the activity of phospholipase and catalase in experimental neoplastic intoxication. Material and methods. For the experiment, 12 sexually mature nonlinear male rats with a body weight of 170-180 g were selected. by injecting 7.2 mg/kg into the rat interscapular area at the rate of 0.1 ml of dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride (DMG) solution 1.2 – DMG (SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE, Japan, D161802 series), previously diluted with isotonic sodium chloride solution per 10 grams of rat body weight, a tumor was modeled intoxication. On day 30 of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and the material of the venous wall of the lower extremities was studied for the morphological structure of the vascular wall.Results and Discussion. Morphological examination of the drug revealed platelet thinning, desquamation and microscopic reorganization of endotheliocytes, focal loss of endothelial layer integrity, and wavy thickening of the intima. This complex of phenomena can be the basis of the pathogenesis of thrombosis in combination with a violation of hemodynamics and rheological properties of blood. On day 30 of the experiment, a morphological study of the drug was performed on the venous wall of rats.Conclusions. Changes that were detected after modeling chronic tumor intoxication include endothelium changes in the form of desquamation and reorganization, violation of the integrity of the endothelial layer, wavy thickening of the intima, fibrotic changes in all the membranes of the vessel.

scholarly journals Morphological changes in the venous wall under experimental neoplastic intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
P. Bodnar ◽  
Ya. Bodnar ◽  
T. Bodnar ◽  
L. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Venous Wall

Annotation. The goal of this study was to investigate the characteristic histological and morphological signs of changes in the venous wall as one of the main pathogenetic links of thrombosis in oncological pathology. Assessment of these changes is necessary to understand the process of occurrence and prevention of thromboembolic and thrombotic complications in patients with oncological diseases. Histological, submicroscopic and polarizing materials of hind limb veins of 11 mature nonlinear male rats weighing 170-180 g on day 30 of chronic neoplastic intoxication complicated by deep limb vein thrombosis were studied. It is established that experimental neoplastic intoxication in rats on histological examination was accompanied by the development of submicroscopic reorganization of endotheliocytes and their desquamation, platelet ligation as one of the causes of future thrombotic complications. Thus installed the negative effect of long-term neoplastic intoxication on the cells and all layers of the venous vascular wall as well as on the blood forming elements was studied. A close connection between the presence of the obtained changes against the background of oncological diseases and the development of such thrombotic complications as phlebothrombosis, pulmonary embolism and thrombophlebitis has been established. The development of complications shows that the prevention of thrombosis is an important component of conservative therapy of cancer patients, to prevent the development of lethal outcomes. High incidence of PE, deep vein thrombosis and thrombophlebitis in the superficial venous system emphasizes the use of preventive means of conservative treatment of cancer patients to prevent these complications, resulting in a high mortality rate. The study of morphological changes of the venous wall under the influence of chronic neoplastic intoxication in experimental conditions allows to carry out a detailed analysis of possible complications.

A retrospective analysis of the relationship between diabetes, metformin use, and survival in advanced endometrial cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5607-5607
Author(s):  
Obiageli Chinaka Ezewuiro ◽  
Mohammed Issam Habis ◽  
Masha Kocherginsky ◽  
Jessica Hunn ◽  
Olufunmilayo I. Olopade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The dynamics of morphological changes of structural components of the intervertebral disc at the end of the thirty-fifth and forty-second days while applying the experimental opioid impact

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
M. V. Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sexually Mature

Background. According to the WHO, the diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which cause disability and mortality, rank fourth in the world following cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Due to the statistics, every fifth person suffers from back pain. Chronic diseases of musculoskeletal system are also one of the most urgent problems in Ukraine, and about 3.5 million people encountered the problem of musculoskeletal system. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of opioids on changes of structural components of the intervertebral disc at the end of the fifth and sixth weeks of the experiment. Methods. The materials of the study were 32 sexually mature, outbred male rats, weighing from 125 to 135 g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected with nalbuphine intramuscularly daily in the same intervals (at 10-11 am) for 42 days. This aim was achieved by using microscopic techniques of visualization of cellular components of the rat’s intervertebral disc. Histological specimens were prepared according to the common methods using the dye hematoxylin, eosin, azan according to Heidenhain method, PAS reaction according to McManus and Alcian blue according to Steedman. Results. As a result of experimental opioid exposure for 35 and 42 days, we discovered that in 35 days the gelatinous nucleus was reduced and deformed. Notochondral cells were rare. Mostly cell-free zones with a somewhat compacted matrix were localized in the gelatinous nucleus. In 42 days, there were significant structural changes in the gelatinous nucleus, as well as in the structural elements of the fibrous ring and cartilaginous locking plates. The amount of notochondral cells was reduced. The cytoplasm of some notochondral cells was compacted. Conclusion. Pathomorphological changes in the structural components of the intervertebral disc while applying the experimental opioid effect at the end of the 35th and 42nd days will serve as a basis for further study and comparison of the manifestations of opioid chondropathy in the longer periods applying experimental opioid impact.

scholarly journals Structural features of the lower limb deep vein remodeling as a morphologic component in the pathogenesis of pulmonary thromboembolism in cancer patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
P.Ya. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Vasa Vasorum ◽  
Deep Vein

Oncological patients are at high risk of developing thromboembolic complications, which is a manifestation of a complex set of symptoms – cancer. At the same time, the analysis of the literature shows that the question of the involvement of structural changes of the vascular wall in the pathogenesis of possible primary thrombus formation in cancer patients remains open. The aim of the study – to study the structural features of remodeling of the deep vein of the lower extremity as a morphological link of pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism in cancer patients. Retrospective analysis of 54 protocols of autopsy of deaths from cardiopulmonary shock caused by pulmonary embolism in 2014-2018 was performed. In parallel, all patients were determined the number of free-circulating endothelial cells in the citrate blood by Hladovez J. method, in modification of Sivak V.V. and co-authors (2007). Statistical processing of digital data was performed using the software “Excel” and “STATISTICA” 6.0. In retrospective analysis of autopsy protocols, the highest proportion of pulmonary embolism was report in patients with cancer of the uterus and colon. Morphological changes of the deep vein of the lower extremities in cancer patients were manifested by endothelium desquamation and circular and focal muscular-fibrous hyperplasia of the intima, which caused disturbances of laminar flow of blood; muscular-fibrous atrophy with neovascularization of the middle membrane and sclerosis of vasa vasorum vessels of adventitia. The process of remodeling was also manifest by the inflammatory transformation of the vascular wall, the formation of obstructing and floating blood clots with their subsequent organization, vascularization and recanalization. The cause of intimal thickening, atrophy, and sclerosis with midbrain neovascularization is most likely a hypoxic mechanism of activation of transforming connective tissue growth factors that stimulate collagenogenesis and neoangiogenesis. Desquamation of endothelial cells can also be considered as a significant contributor to thrombus formation. Endothelial cells have a protective function aimed at eliminating damage to the vascular wall by thrombus formation and the development of fibrous intima hyperplasia. In addition, tumor cells are themselves capable of producing excess platelet growth factor, which causes intima proliferation. So, a component of pathomorphogenesis of pulmonary artery thromboembolism in cancer patients is a complex structural reconstruction of the wall of the deep vein of the lower extremity, which causes the development of its thrombosis. Deep vein remodeling in cancer patients is characterized by endothelial cell desquamation, intima and middle-membrane thickening and sclerosis in combination with vasa vasorum fibrous degeneration and perforant vein thrombosis. In response to hemodynamic disorders, compensatory remodeling develops: the combination of leiomyocyte atrophy with their hypertrophy and neovascularization of the middle membrane.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

DETERMINATION OF P53 GENE CODON 72 POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER

2013 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Thi Tuy Ha Nguyen ◽  
Thi Minh Thi Ha
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Codon 72 ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The role of p53 gene in the gastric cancer is still controversial. This study is aimed at determining the rate of the p53 gene codon 72 polymorphisms in gastric cancer patients and evaluating the relationship between these polymorphisms and endoscopic and histopathological features of gastric cancer. Patients and methods: Sixty eight patients with gastric cancer (cases) and one hundred and thirty six patients without gastric cancer (controls) were enrolled. p53 gene codon 72 polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP technique with DNA extracted from samples of gastric tissue. Results: In the group of gastric cancer, Arginine/Argnine, Arginine/Proline and Proline/Proline genotypes were found in 29.4%, 42.7% and 27.9%, respectively. The differences of rates were not statistically significant between cases and controls (p > 0,05). In males, the Proline/Proline genotype was found in 38.1% in patients with gastric cancer and more frequent in patients without gastric cancer (15.7%, p = 0,01). An analysis of ROC curve showed that the cut-off was the age of 52 in the Proline/Proline genotype, but it was 65 years old in the Arginine/Proline genotype. The Proline/Proline genotype was found in 41.9% in Borrmann III/IV gastric cancer, this rate was higher than Borrmann I/II gastric cancer (16.2%, p = 0.037) and also higher than controls (18.4%, p = 0,01). The rate of Proline/Proline genotype was 41.7% in the diffuse gastric cancer, it was higher than in controls (p = 0,023). Conclusion: No significative difference of rate was found in genotypes between gastric cancer group and controls. However, there was the relationship between Proline/Proline genotype and gastric cancer in males, Borrmann types of gastric cancer, the diffuse gastric cancer. Key words: polymorphism, codon 72, p53 gene, PCR - RFLP, gastric cancer.

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