scholarly journals The incidence of Botrytis cinerea and expression of putative host defences in green and goldenfleshed kiwifruit of differing harvest maturity

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
K.V. Wurms
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Actinidia Chinensis ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Fruit Harvest

This study was carried out on greenfleshed Actinidia deliciosa cv Hayward the worlds main commercial kiwifruit cultivar and the recently introduced goldenfleshed Actinidia chinensis cv Hort16A The incidence of Botrytis rots was 2fold higher in Hayward than in Hort16A irrespective of fruit harvest maturity Expression of chitinase activity and antifungal phenolics in particular a compound with a Rf value of 056 was also higher in Hort16A than in Hayward pericarp tissue These results suggest that genotype resistance to B cinerea is greater in Hort16A than in Hayward fruit and is associated with chitinases and phenolics An increase in disease resistance with advanced fruit harvest maturity was more evident in Hort16A than Hayward but did not correlate with Hort16A hydrolytic enzyme or phenolic activities suggesting the involvement of other unidentified defence component(s) Delaying fruit harvest can be used to further augment resistance of the Hort16A cultivar to B cinerea but the mode of action remains to be determined

The role of AcPGIP in the kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) response to Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe-Xin Li ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yu-Xiang Miao ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Yun Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Actinidia Chinensis

scholarly journals First Report of Fenhexamid-Resistant Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold on Heurchera in a North American Greenhouse

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Moorman ◽  
A.-S. Walker ◽  
S. May
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
North Central ◽  
First Report ◽  
Group I ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Botryotinia Fuckeliana

Greenhouse-grown Heuchera plants, treated with fenhexamid (Decree, SePRO, Carmel, IN; FRAC group 17 hydroxyanilide), with active gray mold were submitted to the Penn State Plant Disease Clinic in December 2010 from a commercial operation in north-central Pennsylvania. Genetic and phenotypic analyses identified the isolate as Botrytis cinerea Pers. (teleomorph Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel), HydR3 phenotype (2) and not B. pseudocinerea (previously Botrytis group I) (4), naturally resistant to fenhexamid (phenotype HydR1) (1). While 0.2 μg of fenhexamid per ml or less is required to slow mycelial growth and germ tube elongation of sensitive isolates by 50% (EC50), the radial growth EC50 of the Heuchera isolate was approximately 2,000 μg of fenhexamid per ml in culture. Five cucumber seedlings receiving 25 μl of 0.1 M dextrose containing the label rate of Decree (1,800 μg/ml) on the growing tip were inoculated with colonized agar in the drop. Five check plants received 25 μl of 0.1 M dextrose. B. cinerea from silica gel storage since 1988 was also tested. This experiment was repeated three times. The 1988 isolate killed all fungicide-free but no fenhexamid-treated plants. The Heuchera isolate killed all fungicide-free and fenhexamid-treated plants within 4 days. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea from a greenhouse in North America with fenhexamid resistance. Resistance occurs in U.S. fields (3). The Heuchera isolate's HydR3 resistance phenotype (2) has been detected in Germany, Japan, and France and has mutations affecting the 3-keto reductase protein, encoded by the erg27 gene, the specific target of fenhexamid and involved in Botrytis sterol biosynthesis. The Decree label states that it is to be used only twice on a crop before switching to a different mode of action. Greenhouses have resident Botrytis populations that are likely to be exposed to any fungicide applied in the structure. Growers should consider using fenhexamid only twice in a particular greenhouse, rather than on a particular crop, before switching to a different mode of action. References: (1) P. Leroux et al. Crop Prot. 18:687, 1999.(2) P. Leroux et al. Pest Manag. Sci. 58:876, 2002. (3) Z. Ma and T. J. Michailides. Plant Dis. 89:1083, 2005. (4) A.-S. Walker et al. Phytopathology 101:1433, 2011.

Fungal elicitor protein PebC1 from Botrytis cinerea improves disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhua Zhang ◽  
Xiufen Yang ◽  
Hongmei Zeng ◽  
Lihua Guo ◽  
Jingjing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Elicitor

scholarly journals Mode of action of a fatty acid-based natural product to control Botrytis cinerea in grapes

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Calvo-Garrido ◽  
P.A.G. Elmer ◽  
F.J. Parry ◽  
I. Viñas ◽  
J. Usall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mode Of Action

scholarly journals Effect of Formulated Yeast in Suppressing the Liberation of Botrytis cinerea Conidia

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl W. M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Epidemic Development ◽  
Leaf Disks

Eight yeast isolates that bound directly to Botrytis cinerea germlings were assessed for the ability to suppress spore liberation of conidia from B. cinerea. After the yeast cell suspension from each isolate was mixed with cellulose and dried, the product was milled into a fine powder. This yeast-cellulose formulation was applied as a dry powder to sporulating B. cinerea colonies on kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) leaf disks, where the particles from the formulation attached to conidiophores and conidia. Some of these formulations significantly suppressed the liberation of conidia from treated colonies. Suppression of conidial liberation could provide another management tool for the biological control of sporulating B. cinerea with applications during late epidemic development. Using α-cellulose prepared with Candida pulcherrima in the conditions imposed in the present study, there was an approximately 50% reduction in the number of conidia released with the treatment of the B. cinerea lesions. The suppression of disease through a reduction in the population of liberated conidia is discussed.

scholarly journals The de novo Biosynthesis of Vitamin B6 Is Required for Disease Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 688-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafen Zhang ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Zhigang Ouyang ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Salvage Pathway ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis

Vitamin B6 (VB6), an essential cofactor for numerous metabolic enzymes, has recently been shown to act as a potent antioxidant and play important roles in developmental processes and stress responses. However, little is known about the possible function of VB6 in plant disease resistance response against pathogen infection. In the present study, we explored the possible involvement of VB6 in defense response against Botrytis cinerea through functional analysis of tomato VB6 biosynthetic genes. Three de novo VB6 biosynthetic genes (SlPDX1.2, SlPDX1.3, and SlPDX2) and one salvage pathway gene (SlSOS4) were identified and the SlPDX1.2, SlPDX1.3, and SlPDX2 genes were shown to encode functional enzymes involved in de novo biosynthesis of VB6, as revealed by complementation of the VB6 prototrophy in yeast snz1 and sno1 mutants. Expression of SlPDX1.2, SlPDX1.3, and SlSOS4 genes was induced by infection with B. cinerea. Virus-induced gene silencing-mediated knockdown of SlPDX1.2 or SlPDX1.3 but not SlPDX2 and SlSOS4 led to increased severity of disease caused by B. cinerea, indicating that the VB6 de novo biosynthetic pathway but not the salvage pathway is involved in tomato defense response against B. cinerea. Furthermore, the SlPDX1.2- and SlPDX1.3-silenced tomato plants exhibited reduced levels of VB6 contents and reactive oxygen species scavenging capability, increased levels of superoxide anion and H2O2 generation, and increased activity of superoxide dismutase after infection by B. cinerea. Our results suggest that VB6 and its de novo biosynthetic pathway play important roles in regulation of defense response against B. cinerea through modulating cellular antioxidant capacity.

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