scholarly journals Towards better mitigation technologies for invasive wasps Vespula spp

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
M. Brownbridge ◽  
R. Toft ◽  
J. Rees ◽  
T.L. Nelson ◽  
C. Bunt
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
Protein Bait ◽  
Limit Access

Exotic social insects are a major threat to New Zealands natural and agroecosystems Social wasps (Vespula vulgaris V germanica) in particular have had devastating effects in native forests and have displaced indigenous fauna through their predatory and polyphagous feeding habits High nest densities also limit access to and use of wilderness areas Insecticidal baits can reduce wasp populations for the short term on a local scale but contain potent toxins that pose environmental risks Novel baiting technologies are urgently needed by DOC and Regional Councils for use in conservation areas Baits must be palatable to Vespula spp and enable prolonged delivery of an efficacious yet selective control agent to the nest Using appropriate preservatives and humectants the field life of a protein bait was extended to 4 days without compromising its acceptance by foraging wasps Incorporation of waspactive isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana into the baits did not affect their attractiveness to wasps; nest traffic rates were significantly reduced by the Metarhizium treatment and infected larvae were recovered from nests exposed to each fungal treatment demonstrating the potential utility of this approach in a wasp mitigation strategy

Chondrostereum purpureum as a biological control agent in forest vegetation management. II. Efficacy on Sitka alder and aspen in western Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Harper ◽  
P G Comeau ◽  
W Hintz ◽  
R E Wall ◽  
R Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
Stem Mortality

A national research program was established to test the field efficacy of the native fungal pathogen Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar) for control of hardwood vegetation. During 1995, two fungal isolates were applied as a biocontrol agent to the cut stumps of Populus tremuloides Michx. (trembling aspen) and Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) Á. Löve & D. Löve (Sitka alder). Treatments consisted of two formulations (BC, ON) in combination with two fungal isolates (2139, JAM6), blank formulations, cutting only, triclopyr herbicide application, and an uncut control. Analysis of Sitka alder clump mortality indicated isolates JAM6 and 2139 in combination with the BC formulation caused clump mortality of 90 and 88%, respectively. The blank formulation treatments caused the lowest clump mortality and appeared to promote sprouting and growth of Sitka alder when compared with cutting alone. At the aspen installation, the BC formulation with isolate 2139 was found to be the most effective fungal treatment resulting in 84% aspen stem mortality. The results from both installations suggest that C. purpureum efficacy appears to be dependent on the virulence of the isolate and the formulation.

scholarly journals Supporting Spatial Management of Data-Poor, Small-Scale Fisheries With a Bayesian Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Rehren ◽  
Maria Grazia Pennino ◽  
Marta Coll ◽  
Narriman Jiddawi ◽  
Christopher Muhando
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Spatial Management

Marine conservation areas are an important tool for the sustainable management of multispecies, small-scale fisheries. Effective spatial management requires a proper understanding of the spatial distribution of target species and the identification of its environmental drivers. Small-scale fisheries, however, often face scarcity and low-quality of data. In these situations, approaches for the prioritization of conservation areas need to deal with scattered, biased, and short-term information and ideally should quantify data- and model-specific uncertainties for a better understanding of the risks related to management interventions. We used a Bayesian hierarchical species distribution modeling approach on annual landing data of the heavily exploited, small-scale, and data-poor fishery of Chwaka Bay (Zanzibar) in the Western Indian Ocean to understand the distribution of the key target species and identify potential areas for conservation. Few commonalities were found in the set of important habitat and environmental drivers among species, but temperature, depth, and seagrass cover affected the spatial distribution of three of the six analyzed species. A comparison of our results with information from ecological studies suggests that our approach predicts the distribution of the analyzed species reasonably well. Furthermore, the two main common areas of high relative abundance identified in our study have been previously suggested by the local fisher as important areas for spatial conservation. By using short-term, catch per unit of effort data in a Bayesian hierarchical framework, we quantify the associated uncertainties while accounting for spatial dependencies. More importantly, the use of accessible and interpretable tools, such as the here created spatial maps, can frame a better understanding of spatio-temporal management for local fishers. Our approach, thus, supports the operability of spatial management in small-scale fisheries suffering from a general lack of long-term fisheries information and fisheries independent data.

Short-term responses of wolf feeding habits to changes of wild and domestic ungulate abundance in Northern Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meriggi ◽  
V. Dagradi ◽  
O. Dondina ◽  
M. Perversi ◽  
P. Milanesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Genomic insight into diet adaptation in the biological control agent Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Sen Li ◽  
Yu-Hao Huang ◽  
Mei-Lan Chen ◽  
Zhan Ren ◽  
Bo-Yuan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Immune Effector

Abstract Background The ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) is used worldwide as a biological control agent. It is a predator of various mealybug pests, but it also feeds on alternative prey and can be reared on artificial diets. Relatively little is known about the underlying genetic adaptations of its feeding habits. Results We report the first high-quality genome sequence for C. montrouzieri. We found that the gene families encoding chemosensors and digestive and detoxifying enzymes among others were significantly expanded or contracted in this ladybird in comparison to other beetles. Diet-specific larval transcriptome profiling demonstrated that differentially expressed genes on unnatural diet as compared to natural prey were enriched in pathways of nutrient metabolism, indicating that the lower performance on the tested diets was caused by nutritional deficiencies. Remarkably, the C. montrouzieri genome also showed a significant expansion in an immune effector gene family. Some of the immune effector genes were dramatically downregulated when larvae were fed unnatural diets. Conclusion We suggest that the evolution of genes related to chemosensing, digestion, and detoxification but also immunity might be associated with diet adaptation of an insect predator. These findings help explain why this predatory ladybird has become a successful biological control agent and will enable the optimization of its mass rearing and use in biological control programs.

scholarly journals Classical Biological Control of Tropical Soda Apple with Gratiana boliviana

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Diaz ◽  
Julio Medal ◽  
Kenneth Hibbard ◽  
Amy Roda ◽  
A. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Tropical Soda Apple ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Stocking Rates

Tropical soda apple is a prickly shrub native to South America. First reported in Glades Co., Florida in 1988, it later spread to Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina. It is a major problem in pastures and conservation areas. Negative impacts of tropical soda apple include reduction of cattle stocking rates, competition with native plants, and the costs associated with its control. Dense thickets of the weed also can disrupt the movement of wildlife. This 4-page fact sheet provides a summary of the major steps of the successful biological control program against tropical soda apple in Florida. The article covers the importance of the weed, identification and biology of the biological control agent, rearing and release efforts, establishment and impact, and efforts to communicate the outcomes of the program to stakeholders. Written by R. Diaz, J. Medal, K. Hibbard, A. Roda, A. Fox, S. Hight, P. Stansly, B. Sellers, J. Cuda and W. A. Overholt, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in971

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON FUTURE OF BACULAVIRUSES AS A MICROBIAL BIO CONTROL AGENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muniba Abid ◽  
M. Azmat ullah Khan ◽  
Sehrish Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Rana ◽  
Sohaib Afzaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Agriculture Development ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Entomopathogenic Viruses

Pesticides driven from Plants, animals, and microbes such as (bacteria fungi, viruses, algae, nematodes and protozoa are replacing traditional chemical pesticides throughout the world. Bio pesticides reduce environmental risks and are target specific. Bio pesticide promotes sustainable agriculture development by reducing the environmental pollution. Various products have been registered and released, that play important role in the agro-market. Regulation of many insect populations in nature happen by Baculoviruses (entomopathogenic viruses). The pesticide based on baculovirus particles has been formed to control pest and their use is beneficial to reduce the risk of synthetic chemical insecticides. The present status and increase use of baculovirus based bio pesticides as replacement of chemical pesticides, its role in integrated pest management, have been discussed in this review.

A new species of Balaustium von Heyden, 1826 (Acari: Actinotrichida, Erythraeidae) from Spain

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3178 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANNA MĄKOL ◽  
YVES ARIJS ◽  
FELIX WÄCKERS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Food Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
A New Species

An erythraeid mite, Balaustium hernandezi sp. nov., was found in large numbers in a greenhouse in Spain. The larva,deutonymph and female of the new species are described based on material obtained during experimental rearing. Dataand information on feeding habits, food spectrum, mode of reproduction and life cycle are provided. The potential role of the species as a biological control agent is discussed.

Metarhizium sp. isolated from dead Pachnoda interrupta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) as a potential entomopathogenic fungus for the pest insect: proof-of-concept for autodissemination

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merid N. Getahun ◽  
Tibebe D. Biasazin ◽  
Yitbarek Wolde-Hawariat ◽  
Jonas M. Bengtsson ◽  
Ylva Hillbur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sustainable Pest Management ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Pachnoda Interrupta ◽  
Sorghum Chafer

Sustainable pest management requires the use of ecosystem-friendly control options (e.g. entomopathogens) coupled with target-specific application methods. Here we investigate the susceptibility of the sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta, Olivier) toMetarhiziumsp., isolated from deadP. interruptaunder field conditions over several years. Target-specific trapping was achieved using Japanese beetle traps or locally made autoinoculation devices, with methyl salicylate or banana as an attractant. Of the attracted and infected beetles, 49% mortality was achieved during October 2005 and 71% during July 2006, while the corresponding mortality in control treatments was 13 and 5%, respectively. We further confirmed that the mortality of the beetles was due to the fungal treatment as 50 and 80% of the dead beetles showed mycosis, respectively. The performance of the pathogen was also investigated in an autodissemination device in 2008 and 2009, where the beetles that were attracted passed through an inoculation chamber. Of the attracted and infected beetles in the autodissemination device, 58.5% (October) and 90.9% (July) were dead within 15 days after treatment. Control mortality was only 3 and 2%, respectively. The potential for horizontal transmission was investigated, where 47% (October) and 59% (July) of the beetles exposed to the pathogen through horizontal transmission were killed. The pathogen was found to be viable for more than 3 days in the field. Our results show thatMetarhiziumsp. has potential as a biological control agent, and for achieving autodissemination using the target pest as the vector.

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