Phenology of greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) on kiwifruit vines, shelter trees and alternative host plants

The greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis is a quarantine pest of kiwifruit. There is a need for reliable information on its phenology in kiwifruit orchards to inform the development of new management options. Numbers of larval, pupal and adult greenhouse thrips were counted on leaves of the two main kiwifruit cultivars Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (‘Hayward’) at two sites at different times and A. chinensis var. chinensis ‘Zesy002’ at one site. Greenhouse thrips were also counted on leaves of shelter tree species Cryptomeria japonica, and other plants present on kiwifruit orchards, blackberry (Rubus fruticosus s.l.), barberry (Berberis glaucocarpa), and wineberry (Aristotelia serrata) across a number of sites at different times. There was a strong seasonal pattern to the phenology of greenhouse thrips and it was relatively synchronous for all the host plants surveyed. In general, number of greenhouse thrips on foliage increased from January to peak in April or May before declining in late autumn or winter and remaining low until the following January or February. The phenology of greenhouse thrips followed the same seasonal pattern for a variety of host plants found on kiwifruit orchards at sites in the Bay of Plenty across two two-year time periods. Therefore, host species does not appear to be a factor affecting the phenology of thrips. Other, non-host factors such as microclimate may be important drivers of phenology but they require further study. The consistency of the seasonal pattern of relative abundance means that there is a well-defined window to target for thrips management.

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African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic).

10.1079/cpc.2535.20210102618 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olufemi Joseph Alabi ◽

Rabson M. Mulenga

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Host Plants ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Infection Type ◽

African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽

Alternative Host ◽

Cotton Species ◽

New Localities ◽

Whitefly Vector ◽

Cassava Mosaic Virus

Abstract Cassava is vegetatively propagated therefore ACMV and other CMGs are primarily transmitted via movement of contaminated cuttings. Consequently, introductions of specific CMGs into new localities mirror patterns of cassava cuttings exchange among farmers. Once infected cuttings are planted, the virus establishes easily and can be transmitted within and between fields through the feeding behaviour of the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. ACMV is particularly invasive in that it is the most widespread of all known CMGs, occurring across all cassava-producing countries of Africa in cassava and several alternative host plants (Thottappilly et al., 2003; Alabi et al. 2015). ACMV has also been reported infecting non-cultivated exotic cotton species in Pakistan (Nawaz-Ul-Rehman et al., 2012) further underscoring its invasive nature. Yield loss due to CMD can range from 12 to 82%, depending on the cassava variety and infection type (Owor et al., 2004). ACMV is not on the IUCN or ISSG alert list.

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Seasonal Variation in Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 Does Not Affect 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456329403100105 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 31-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

T J Hine ◽

N B Roberts

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Reference Range ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽

1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽

Time Periods ◽

Sunlight Hours

The seasonal variation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D has been investigated. Blood was taken from 27 healthy volunteers, aged 21–44 years old at 3 monthly intervals over a period of 1 year. A scrolling monthly programme with 12 quarterly (3 month) time periods was developed. A summer associated increase in 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was significantly correlated with but lagged behind by 2 months, the increase in recorded sunlight hours. However, four individuals showed no seasonal rise but maintained constant concentrations throughout the year within the established reference range. Serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D showed marked intra-individual variability with no seasonal pattern although the highest concentration (180 pmol/L) was observed in the winter and no concentration greater than 108 pmol/L in the summer.

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Alternative Host Plants of Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal(Hemiptera:Coreidae), the Pod Sucking Bug of Cowpea in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

Journal of Entomology ◽

10.3923/je.2005.9.16 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dabire Clementine ◽

Sanon Antoine ◽

Bama Herve ◽

Foua-Bi Kouahou

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Host Plants ◽

Alternative Host ◽

Clavigralla Tomentosicollis ◽

Sahelian Zone

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APRICOT CHLOROTIC LEAF ROLL IN ROUSSILLON: SPECIFIC DETECTION OF THE PATHOGEN, SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVE HOST PLANTS, ATTEMPTS TO DETERMINE INFECTION PERIODS AND ATTEMPTS TO IDENTIFY THE INSECT VECTOR

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1999.488.123 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 739-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. Jarausch ◽

J.L. Danet ◽

J.M. Broquaire ◽

C. Saillard ◽

M. Garnier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Leaf Roll ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Alternative Host ◽

Specific Detection ◽

Chlorotic Leaf

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An analysis of the frequency and timing of false break events in the Mediterranean region of Western Australia

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar99156 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 367 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. Chapman ◽

S. Asseng

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Mediterranean Region ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Trifolium Subterraneum ◽

Dormancy Release ◽

The Poor ◽

Time Periods ◽

The Mediterranean

Historical meteorological data were used to estimate the frequency and timing of false break events at 10 locations in the annual pasture and wheat producing area in the Mediterranean climatic region of Western Australia. The seasonal pattern of false breaks identified by this analysis was compared with the dynamics of dormancy release in a field population of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to determine the influence that these events may have on the legume content of annual pasture communities in this region. False break events were estimated to occur on approximately 2 of every 3 years (611–72% of years) with no significant differences across the area investigated. Changes in the risk of false break events were examined over discrete time periods. The period of greatest risk was predicted to occur during early autumn (early March to mid April). Seed softening is virtually complete in subterranean clover at this point. The seed bank strategy of this species is, therefore, not well adapted to withstand the effects of false breaks. This might largely explain the poor persistence of subterranean clover in the annual pasture communities in the Mediterranean region of Western Australia. The legume content of these pastures might be improved by selecting species with late dormancy release strategies that will give better protection from false breaks.

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Probing behaviors and their plasticity for the aphid Sitobion avenae on three alternative host plants

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0203219 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. e0203219

Author(s):

Xianliang Huang ◽

Deguang Liu ◽

Xiaoning Cui ◽

Xiaoqin Shi

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Sitobion Avenae ◽

Alternative Host

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Potential of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Adapt to Alternative Host Plants

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 151-158

Author(s):

Külli Hiiesaar ◽

Ingrid H Williams ◽

Katrin Jõgar ◽

Reet Karise ◽

Angela Ploomi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adults ◽

Colorado Potato Beetle ◽

Host Plants ◽

Local Population ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Alternative Host ◽

Native Plant ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Datura Metel ◽

Potato Beetle

Abstract Twelve selected cultivated or wild solanaceae (Solanum dulcamara, Solanum nigrum, Solanum villosum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum muricatum, Solanum melongena, Datura innoxia, Datura metel, Physalis spp., Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana alata, and Petunia spp.) (all species Solanales: Solanaceae) were tested as potential alternative host plants against Solanum tuberosum for a local population of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (CPB) in Estonia. Some CPB populations in America and southern Europe accept most of these plants. However, geographically isolated populations of beetles can differ in their acceptance of new host plants. Migrants from the southern Europe supplement Estonian beetle population regularly, so individuals may differ in their host plant preferences. S. melongena and S. dulcamara were well accepted by the beetles, Lycopersicum spp. (Solanales: Solanaceae) and N. alata were intermediate, and S. villosum and S. nigrum were least accepted. The beetles rejected S. muricatum, Physalis spp., C. annuum, Petunia spp., and D. metel. First-instar larvae completed a full life cycle only on S. dulcamara, N. alata, S. lycopesicum, S. melongena, although their development rate was slower, mortality was higher and emerging adults were underweight relative to those that fed on S. tuberosum. The fourth-instar larvae were less sensitive in relation to food. We found that S. dulcamara as a native plant could provide resources for CPB during early and late season. At the same time, the cultivated S. melongena would be suitable plant species for further testing as dead-end crop for integrated pest management.

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Update and New Epidemiological Aspects about Grapevine Yellows in Chile

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9110933 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 933 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicolás Quiroga ◽

Camila Gamboa ◽

Daniela Soto ◽

Ana Maria Pino ◽

Alan Zamorano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Plant Species ◽

Brassica Rapa ◽

Host Plants ◽

Alternative Host ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Grapevine Yellows ◽

Rubus Ulmifolius ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Study Management

To date, phytoplasmas belonging to six ribosomal subgroups have been detected to infect grapevines in Chile in 36 percent of the sampled plants. A new survey on the presence of grapevine yellows was carried out from 2016 to 2020, and 330 grapevine plants from the most important wine regions of the country were sampled and analyzed by nested PCR/RFLP analyses. Phytoplasmas enclosed in subgroups 16SrIII-J and 16SrVII-A were identified with infection rates of 17% and 2%, respectively. The vineyards in which the phytoplasma-infected plants were detected were further inspected to identify alternative host plants and insects of potential epidemiological relevance. Five previously unreported plant species resulted positive for 16SrIII-J phytoplasma (Rosa spp., Brassica rapa, Erodium spp., Malva spp. and Rubus ulmifolius) and five insect species were fully or partially identified (Amplicephalus ornatus, A. pallidus, A. curtulus, Bergallia sp., Exitianus obscurinervis) as potential vectors of 16SrIII-J phytoplasmas. The 16SrVII-A phytoplasmas were not detected in non-grape plant species nor in insects. This work establishes updated guidelines for the study, management, and prevention of grapevine yellows in Chile, and in other grapevine growing regions of South America.

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