scholarly journals Impacto da vinculação e dos traços de psicopatia nos comportamentos aditivos dos adolescentes

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. e1161
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Silva ◽  
Inês Carvalho Relva ◽  
Alice Margarida Simões
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Consumption ◽  
Predictive Effect

The present study examines the relationship between substance use (measured by DAST), parenting and peer grouping (as measured by IPPA-R) as well as a set of psychopathic traits (assessed through the YPI-RE). The sample consisted of 317 adolescents who attended public schools in the northern region of the country. The results suggest a predictive effect of the traits of psychopathy in adolescent drug use. They also suggest a higher average consumption for adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age, and the analyzes did not reveal significant differences in consumption relative to the adolescent sex. They also suggest a negative correlation between drug use and the dimensions of the attachment evaluated.

scholarly journals Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and drug addiction rehabilitation patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Ferreira Camargo ◽  
Tarcísio Fanha Dornelles ◽  
Karin Barszcz ◽  
Eduardo Antunes Martins
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Therapeutic Communities ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Persistent Pattern ◽  
First Contact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD and drug dependence. Methods The presence and severity of ADHD and substance use were evaluated through questionnaires in 80 adult patients in therapeutic communities. Results No difference in drug use or dependence prevalence between ADHD and non-ADHD patients was found. However, ADHD patients had lower ages on admission (p = 0.004) and at first contact with cocaine (p = 0.033). In ADHD patients, there was a negative correlation between the age at first use of cannabis and the subsequent severity of cannabis use (p = 0.017) and cocaine use (p = 0.033). Conclusions Though there was no difference in prevalence of drug use among groups, results show that ADHD in patients in therapeutic communities may cause different addiction patterns, such as earlier use of cocaine and admission, and a more severe use of cocaine correlated to earlier contact with cannabis.

scholarly journals Pathways linking family stress to youth delinquency and substance use: Exploring the mediating roles of self-efficacy and future orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter R Voisin ◽  
Dong Ha Kim ◽  
Sarah M Bassett ◽  
Phillip L Marotta
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
The Relationship

African American adolescents in poorer neighborhoods experience significant sanctions related to drug use and delinquency. Parental stress (i.e. substance use, mental distress, and incarceration) is associated with youth drug use and delinquency. We examined whether high self-esteem and positive future orientation mediated parental stress and youth substance use and delinquency. Demographic, family stress, future orientation, self-esteem, and drug use data were collected from 578 youths. Major findings indicated that self-esteem mediated the relationship between family stress and both drug use and delinquency. Future mediated the relationship between family stress and delinquency. Resiliency factors may promote positive development for low-income youth.

The Relationship between Sexual Abuse and Drug Use: Findings from Houston's Safer Choices 2 Program

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Peters ◽  
Susan R. Tortolero ◽  
Robert C. Addy ◽  
Christine Markham ◽  
S. Liliana Escobar-Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Alternative School ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
School Students ◽  
Alternative School Students ◽  
The Relationship

Self-report drug use data were collected from 282 female alternative school students surveyed through the Safer Choices 2 study in Houston, Texas. Data collection took place between October 2000 and March 2001 via audio-enabled laptop computers equipped with headphones. Logistic regression analyses indicated that sexual abuse history was significantly associated with lifetime use (OR = 1.9, p ≤ 0.05). While the relationships tested in this study are exploratory, they provide evidence for an important connection between sexual abuse and substance use among female alternative school students.

INTERVENING PROCESSES BETWEEN ADOLESCENT DRUG USE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE SELF-MEDICATION HYPOTHESIS

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Damphousse ◽  
Howard B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
The Self ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
The Relationship

The self-medication hypothesis suggests that individuals who experience high levels of psychological distress use drugs to relieve their pain. The extent to which this is the case (and to which people do feel better after using drugs) has had mixed support in the literature. The present analysis uses structural equation modeling of longitudinal data to explore how deviant disposition, deviant peers, and negative life events act as intervening variables in the hypothesized relationship between psychological distress and adolescent drug use. The results suggest that deviant disposition and association with deviant peers mediate the relationship between antecedent psychological distress and later drug use. Similarly, negative life events mediate the relationship between adolescent drug use and adult psychological distress.

Moderate adolescent drug use and the development of substance use self-regulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Percy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
Related Harm

This article presents a re-conceptualization of moderate adolescent drug use. It is argued that experimentation with alcohol and other drugs during the teenage years may play an important role in the development of regulatory competency in relation to drug consumption in adulthood. When such regulatory skills fail to emerge in young people, during the transition to adulthood, the likelihood of serious alcohol- or drug-related harm is increased. The article reviews the empirical evidence of poor self-regulation as a predictor of long-term alcohol- and drug-related problems, places self-regulation within a broader theoretical framework, and considers the policy and practice implications of this conceptualization.

scholarly journals The Relative Contributions of Parental and Sibling Substance Use to Adolescent Tobacco, Alcohol, and other Drug Use

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Fagan ◽  
Jake M. Najman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
The Relationship

While research demonstrates that parental tobacco and alcohol use increases the likelihood of children's substance use, it is unclear whether or not sibling use has a greater, weaker, or similar effect. Based upon self-reported information from Australian adolescents, their siblings and parents, this investigation examines the association between siblings' tobacco and alcohol use. The relationship is consistent, moderately strong, and remains significant when controlling for a number of family-related factors, indicating that the shared environment cannot fully explain the extent of similarity in siblings' behaviors. In addition, sibling substance use has a greater effect on adolescent substance use than does smoking or drinking by parents. These findings indicate the need to include siblings and information regarding sibling relationships in prevention and intervention programs.

Parental Influences on Substance Use: Gender Differences and Stage Theory

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Fisher ◽  
David P. MacKinnon ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin ◽  
John P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Stage Theory ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Guttman Scaling ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parental Drug Use

The relationship between perceived parental drug use and offspring drug use was investigated. The subjects, 106 UCLA undergraduates, were evenly divided between psychoactive mushroom users and nonusers who completed a questionnaire regarding social and subjective aspects of drug use, including parental drug use. The data were analyzed using modern psychometric scaling techniques, including multidimensional unfolding and principal component analysis of qualitative variables (PRINQUAL). These techniques are advocated as preferable to discriminant analysis when variables, such as perceived parental use of different drugs, are highly correlated. Men's use of drugs was relatively independent of perceived parental drug use while women's use of drugs was strongly related to perceived parental usage. Guttman scaling and PRINQUAL analysis of the types of drugs indicate that the use of cocaine has changed since Kandel and Faust suggested the stage theory of adolescent drug use and that cocaine use has developed patterns similar to marijuana use.

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools.Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use.Results The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n = 504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students.Conclusion Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background : Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results : The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n=504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P<0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion : Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Early Initiation of Substance Use and Attempted Suicide Among in-School Adolescents in Seven Low- or Middle-Income African Countries: An Analysis of the Global School-Based Student Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Li ◽  
Yuanzhi Zhao ◽  
Meijun Shi ◽  
Yucheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Student Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Preventing suicide among adolescents is an urgent global public-health challenge, especially in Africa. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the early initiation (&lt; 12 years old) of substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use) and attempted suicide among in-school adolescents in seven African countries.Methods: Data on the early initiation of substance use and on attempted suicide among in-school adolescents over the previous 12 months in Benin, Liberia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, and the United Republic of Tanzania were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys and were pooled to determine the overall prevalence of these behaviors in adolescents. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were then performed to evaluate country-specific associations between the early initiation of substance use and attempted suicide in these adolescents, followed by meta-analyses to evaluate overall pooled associations.Results: In the abovementioned seven African low- or middle-income countries (LMICs), overall weighted prevalences of attempted suicide and early initiation of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use among in-school adolescents were 16.05, 7.76, 17.68, and 3.48%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that relative to non-smoking, the early initiation of smoking was significantly associated with attempted suicide in these adolescents [OR (95% CI) = 1.783 (1.219–2.348)]. Additionally, the relationship between early initiation of cigarette smoking and attempted suicide is mostly driven by a higher association in girls [OR (95% CI) = 1.867 (1.031–2.703)] than boys [OR (95% CI) = 1.392 (0.995−1.789)]. Moreover, relative to not using other drugs, the early and later initiation of other drug use were also significantly associated with attempted suicide in these adolescents [ORs (95% CIs) = 2.455 (1.701–3.208) and 1.548 (1.198–1.898)].Conclusion: Programs that can eliminate or decrease the early initiation of substance use among adolescents should be implemented in African LMICs to prevent subsequent suicide attempts, especially among adolescent girls.

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