REVIEW PERKEMBANGAN METODE PRODUKSI DAN TEKNOLOGI PEMURNIAN DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL

Helda Niawanti

doi:10.30872/cmg.v4i1.4107

REVIEW PERKEMBANGAN METODE PRODUKSI DAN TEKNOLOGI PEMURNIAN DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL

Jurnal Chemurgy ◽

10.30872/cmg.v4i1.4107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Helda Niawanti

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid

Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang digunakan pada mesin diesel. Biodiesel dapat diproduksi dari berbagai jenis biomassa yang ada di alam. Pengolahan biodiesel adalah proses konversi dari trigliserida menjadi fatty acid metil ester (FAME). Metode produksi biodiesel berkembang dengan berbagai macam proses yang dipilih berdasarkan kondisi bahan baku dan kualitas biodiesel yang ingin dicapai. Produksi biodiesel dapat menggunakan metode konvensional seperti esterifikasi dengan katalis asam dan transesterifikasi dengan katalis basa. Selain itu juga terdapat metode baru seperti proses subkritis dan superkritis dengan tanpa adanya katalis. Metode umum pemurnian biodiesel adalah dengan proses wet washing dan dry washing, suatu metode konvensional untuk menghilangkan kotoran biodiesel seperti sabun, katalis, gliserol dan residu alkohol menggunakan air sebagai bahan pencuci. Selain itu, asam juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pencuci, seperti asam fospat, asam sulfat dan asam klorida. Dry washing merupakan metode pemurnian menggunakan resin penukar ion. Proses pemurnian biodiesel juga bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan membran. Selain itu, juga ada cairan ionik dan pelarut eutektik yang terbentuk dari campuran garam halida organik dan senyawa organik yang bisa diaplikasikan dalam pemurnian biodiesel. Kata kunci: biodiesel, pemurnian, metode, FAME, bahan bakar

Download Full-text

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053188 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 78-79

Author(s):

Kenneth H. Downing ◽

Robert M. Glaeser

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Inelastic Scattering ◽

Temperature Dependence ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Direct Result ◽

Second Step ◽

Strong Temperature Dependence ◽

Electron Dose ◽

Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

Download Full-text

Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103565 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 300-301

Author(s):

C. S. Bricker ◽

S. R. Barnum ◽

B. Huang ◽

J. G. Jaworskl

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Acid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Anabaena Variabilis ◽

Chloroplast Envelope ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽

Photosynthetic Membrane ◽

Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

Download Full-text

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01976c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yali Wei ◽

Yan Meng ◽

Na Li ◽

Qian Wang ◽

Liyong Chen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Inflammation Markers ◽

Pufa Supplementation ◽

Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

Download Full-text