A Systematic Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on Global Sporting Events in 2020: The Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics

The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), like no other pandemic has taken the world by storm, affecting all and any spheres of life. This effect has also impacted global sporting events such as the 2020 Summer Olympics that were scheduled for the 24th of July 2020 to the 9th of July 2020 in Tokyo, Japan. Historically, the Summer Olympics have been cancelled 3 times due to war but the postponement that occurred in 2020 is unprecedented. The socio-economic implications are still yet to be fully explored and realised. The purpose of this research is to therefore examine the impact of COVID-19 on the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. The study will adopt a systematic literature review of material on the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to sporting events and statistical inferences will be conducted based on publicly accessible secondary data sources. Considering that the pandemic is still an ongoing phenomenon the findings and analysis cannot be conclusive, a snapshot based on current data and scientific predictions will be provided on what COVID-19 meant to global sporting events. A broad analysis of the pandemic’s impact on sport will be provided despite the focus being on the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. Last, this study serves as a template for further research on COVID-19’s impact on sporting events in general, preferably studies conducted post the pandemic for reflection purposes based on more conclusive data.

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Proportional Representation and its Impacts on Multi Ethnic Society of Sri Lanka

International Research Journal of Management IT and Social Sciences ◽

10.21744/irjmis.v3i5.22 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Seeni Mohamed Aliff

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Institutional Design ◽

Qualitative Case Study ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Electoral System ◽

Ethnic Violence ◽

Institutional Affiliation ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

The Impact

This paper will examine the impact of PR electoral systems in a divided society. This research will explore the strength and weakness of the current electoral system and institutional design of Sri Lanka and will recommend changes to decrease the risk of minority exclusion in decision making and ethnic violence. The objectives of this research are to examine the character of the merits and demerits of the PR, and to investigate and assess the impacts of the PR in the multi ethnic societies of Sri Lanka. The study is a qualitative case study, and primary and secondary data sources have been employed to gather relevant data. The My Fieldwork was conducted in Sri Lanka, with the intention of gaining a better and more thorough understanding of the current situation. The interviews conducted were as such not structured or semi-structured, due to the interviewees’ varying professional background and institutional affiliation. Accordingly, unstructured interviews, as well as informal conversations and meetings, were conducted throughout Sri Lanka.

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Al-Qabisi’s Theory on Physical Punishment Method for Students

Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun ◽

10.26811/peuradeun.v9i2.532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 393

Author(s):

Syahrizal Syahrizal

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Physical Punishment ◽

Data Sources ◽

Library Research ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

The Impact

The ideas of al-Qabisi on the physical punishment method for the students now tend to be poorly comprehended, acknowledged, and implemented by educators in the educational institution system. It is almost certain that the study of the physical punishment method is still limited to theory and knowledge without giving application in the reality of life. This research aimed to analyze the principle of physical punishment for the students, illustrate the terms, as well as the objectives of the punishment, and the impact on the psychological and physical of students. Based on library research and descriptive, deductive, and content analysis of primary and secondary data sources, the result of the research showed that according to al-Qabisi, there are six principles of physical punishment, four conditions that must be considered in the provision of physical punishment, five purposes of giving physical punishment for them, and imposition of physical punishment for them according to al-Qabisi harms the physical and psychological of students.

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A Retrospective Evaluation Study Using Secondary Data Sources to Measure the Impact of a Central Venous Access Device Education Program for Nurses

10.4135/9781529732214 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wendy Burt

Keyword(s):

Central Venous Access ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Venous Access ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Retrospective Evaluation ◽

Central Venous ◽

Central Venous Access Device ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

Venous Access Device ◽

The Impact

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Exploring the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Students and Universities in Canada

Journal of International Students ◽

10.32674/jis.v12i1.2881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Firang ◽

Joseph Mensah

Keyword(s):

International Students ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Data Sources ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Domestic Students ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Canadian Universities ◽

Financial Difficulties ◽

Secondary Data Sources

International students in Canada make enormous contribution to the Canadian economy. As domestic students’ enrolment has declined, international students’ admissions have compensated for economic losses that Canadian universities incur from the decline of domestic students’ enrolment. The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting international students’ admissions to Canadian universities. Drawing on various secondary data sources, this article argues that international students in Canada are vulnerable due to their temporary immigration status. They are excluded from most governments’ relief programs aimed at supporting Canadians during this pandemic. Most international students experience psychological and financial difficulties amid the pandemic. The situation is triggering a further decline in international students’ admission, creating economic implications for Canadian universities. By exploring the challenges facing international students and the strategies required to strengthen international students' resilience and universities’ capacities, the paper contributes to our understanding of the plights of international students and educational institutions amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Tenaga Kerja Formal di Indonesia

Populasi ◽

10.22146/jp.63345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Dewi Middia Martanti ◽

Florentz Magdalena ◽

Natalia Pipit D. Ariska ◽

Nia Setiyawati ◽

Waydewin C. B. Rumboirusi

Keyword(s):

World Economy ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Work Study ◽

Formal Sector ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Informal Labour ◽

The Impact ◽

Capital Intensive

Even though the informal labour still dominates Indonesia workforce, the trend of formal labour increases each year. BPS data shows that in 2015, the percentage of formal labor reached 42,25 percent. Then it increased to 44,28 percent in 2019. As a capital-intensive sector, formal sector supports economy of Indonesia, because it is relatively safe or less prone to shut down. However, the determination of the global pandemic status on March 11, 2020 due to Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) has hit the world economy, including Indonesia. To suppress the spread of Covid-19, people are asked to work, study, or pray from home. This causes many companies suffer losses and even close their businesses, thus impacting workers. Based on data from the Ministry of Manpower 13 April 2020 as many as 1.2 million formal labour have been furloughed and 212.4 thousand have been laid off. This study aims to observe the trends of formal labour in Indonesia and the impact of Covid-19 on formal labour in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data obtained from various sources which are analyzed descriptively.

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Applying the ecological footprint to ecotourism scenarios

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892906002591 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 294-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

COLIN HUNTER ◽

JON SHAW

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Resource Use ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Ecological Footprint ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Potential Minimum ◽

Mass Tourism ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

The Impact

Academic interest in ecotourism has grown rapidly in recent years, fuelled by the increasing popularity of ecotourism holidays. This paper adopts ecological footprint (EF) analysis as a means of estimating the potential net EF of hypothetical international ecotourism scenarios involving air travel. A procedure for the rapid calculation of indicative, potential minimum net EF estimates using secondary data sources was applied to a variety of source/host country scenarios with the aim of establishing a reasonable and conservative range of EF values associated with ecotourism. The influence of changing assumptions about the broad nature of resource demand at the destination and of three length of stay periods was considered. In total, 252 estimates were made of the potential net per tourist EF, assuming conservative resource use at the destination. For a 14-day holiday, potential net EF estimates ranged between 0.02 and 4.26 global hectares. Only one, a 21-day scenario, produced a net negative EF value, suggesting the potential for an overall reduction in absolute demand on global renewable resources. Some 80% of 14-day holiday scenarios produced potential per tourist EF estimates greater than the annual average per caput EF in low income countries. The size of the transit component was very important to overall net EF estimates, supporting largely anecdotal concerns about the environmental impact of long-haul flights to ecotourism destinations. The implications of these findings for judging the impact of ecotourism were found to vary according to different absolute and relative benchmarks, although the global EF of ecotourism is likely to be considerably less than that of mass tourism.

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Assessing the impact of a new central venous access device training progam for nurses: A quasi-experimental evaluation study

Journal of Infection Prevention ◽

10.1177/1757177420982041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 175717742098204

Author(s):

Wendy Burt ◽

Lucy Spowart

Keyword(s):

Central Venous Access ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Education Programme ◽

Venous Access ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Data Sources ◽

Central Venous ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

The Impact

Background: Central venous access devices (CVAD) are widely used for both long- and short-term purposes within healthcare and are suitable for both hospital and community management. Training is essential in the prevention of complications such as infection. Objectives: To assess the impact of a new standardised education programme on clinical practice and patient care. The new education programme was introduced to all registered nurses working in one care group within an acute healthcare Trust with the aim of improving knowledge and skills and reduce CVAD-related complications. Methods: This retrospective quasi-experimental evaluation study analyses the impact of the programme on direct patient care. Secondary data sources such as infection incidence rates and CVAD clinical audits were used to identify and measure the relationship between staff confidence, infection incidence and care audit results. Data spanning a two-year period were used to capture an accurate representation of the patient group. Results: Improvements in audited care elements and a reduction of infection incidences were evident during and after implementation of the education programme. This was reflective of the self-reported increased confidence and knowledge and skill acquisition from staff who attended the programme. Discussion: Recommendations have been made including a review of the education content to target all key elements and promotion of an end goal with regular feedback to staff reinforcing the importance. The challenge of using secondary data sources also highlighted the need for quality improvements in the current care audit process.

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The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Retail Consumer Behavior

Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM) ◽

10.33050/atm.v5i1.1497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 79-88

Author(s):

Sayyida Sayyida ◽

Sri Hartini ◽

Sri Gunawan ◽

Syarief Nur Husin

Keyword(s):

Consumer Behavior ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Online Shopping ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The United States ◽

Marketing Strategies ◽

Retail Sales ◽

Face To Face ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred throughout 2020 has an impact on economic sector. Consumers tend to use online channels to reduce face-to-face contact with marketers or other consumers. On the other hand, the consumer's need to see, touch and feel a product directly is only available in physical stores. This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail consumer behavior. This study uses quantitative methods with secondary data sources obtained from several countries including the United States, England, Germany, France, Canada and Latin America. The results show that the shopping trends during the COVID-19 pandemic are webrooming and pure online shopping. Retail sales data in these countries shows that retail sales in physical stores exceed 70% of total retail sales and retail e-commerce sales are less than 30% of total retail sales. This research is expected to be useful for marketers in improving retail marketing strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Foundation of Addis Ababa and the Emergence of Safars

Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology ◽

10.9734/ajaees/2020/v38i830392 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 103-120

Author(s):

Endalew Djirata Fayisa

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Data Sources ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

History Of ◽

Political Conditions ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

The Impact

The main purpose of this study was to reveal the impact of the eviction of the Oromo from their hereditary land of Finfinne and their possession by Menilek in the late 19th century. The study deals with the history of the transformation of Finfinne to Addis Ababa and the eviction of the Oromo from the area which followed by the emergence of different Safars. In this study, the socio-economic and political conditions of Finfinne Oromo and the surrounding are explored. After the eviction of the Oromo from Finfinne area, the settlement of different ethnic groups in the areas was also discussed. In this study the researcher attempted to employ both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data sources were collected through a brief review of related literatures by assessing published materials. The primary and unpublished data sources were collected through oral interview based on focused group and questionnaire. All these data were carefully analyzed and critically interpreted qualitatively according to the standardized rules and disciplines of social sciences. Even though some earlier attempts have been made by scholars to write the history of Finfinne, most of the areas have received only very minimal attention. Therefore, this article is an attempt to fill the gap that has been created so far by other scholars and something to contribute to the history of the foundation of Safars in Addis Ababa. The study, hence, tried to highlight the history of the foundation of different Safars until the dawn fall of the imperial regime. Certainly this study is far from being exhaustive. However, the researcher hopes it can at least serve as an introduction to give clue to the study of Finfinne history and the eviction of Oromo from the area which later on its name was changed by the imperial rule unjustifiably to Addis Ababa “New Flower”.

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