Evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccination schemes for young birds with live and inactivated vaccines against newcastle disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
S.V. Engashev ◽  
◽  
A.A. Gusev ◽  
V.A. Babak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

scholarly journals Towards Improved Use of Vaccination in the Control of Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Disease in Poultry: Understanding the Immunological Mechanisms

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Ike ◽  
Chukwuebuka M. Ononugbo ◽  
Okechukwu J. Obi ◽  
Chisom J. Onu ◽  
Chinasa V. Olovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Cellular Immune

Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important diseases of poultry and have remained a threat to the development of the poultry industry in many parts of the world. The immunology of avian has been well studied and numerous vaccines have been developed against the two viruses. Most of these vaccines are either inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines. Inactivated vaccines induce weak cellular immune responses and require priming with live or other types of vaccines. Advanced technology has been used to produce several types of vaccines that can initiate prime immune responses. However, as a result of rapid genetic variations, the control of these two viral infections through vaccination has remained a challenge. Using various strategies such as combination of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, development of IB/ND vaccines, use of DNA vaccines and transgenic plant vaccines, the problem is being surmounted. It is hoped that with increasing understanding of the immunological mechanisms in birds that are used in fighting these viruses, a more successful control of the diseases will be achieved. This will go a long way in contributing to global food security and the economic development of many developing countries, given the role of poultry in the attainment of these goals.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1-Matched Vaccines in Commercial Broilers

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Sultan ◽  
Wael K. Elfeil ◽  
Ahmed A. Nour ◽  
Laila Tantawy ◽  
Elsayed G. Kamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Genotype Ii ◽  
Genotype Vii

Class II genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are predominant in the Middle East and Asia despite intensive vaccination programs using conventional live and inactivated NDV vaccines. In this study, the protective efficacies of three commercial vaccine regimes involving genotype II NDV, recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and an autogenous velogenic NDV genotype VII vaccine were evaluated against challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII (accession number MG029120). Three vaccination regimes were applied as follows: group-1 received inactivated genotype II, group-2 received inactivated recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and group-3 received velogenic inactivated autogenous NDV genotype VII vaccines given on day 7; for the live vaccine doses, each group received the same live genotype II vaccine. The birds in all of the groups were challenged with NDV genotype VII, which was applied on day 28. Protection by the three regimes was evaluated after infection based on mortality rate, clinical signs, gross lesions, virus shedding, seroconversion, and microscopic changes. The results showed that these three vaccination regimes partially protected commercial broilers (73%, 86%, 97%, respectively, vs. 8.6% in non-vaccinated challenged and 0% in non-vaccinated non-challenged birds) against mortality at 10 days post-challenge (dpc). Using inactivated vaccines significantly reduced the virus shedding at the level of the number of shedders and the amount of virus that was shed in all vaccinated groups (G1-3) compared to in the non-vaccinated group (G-4). In conclusion, using closely genotype-matched vaccines (NDV-GVII) provided higher protection than using vaccines that were not closely genotype-matched and non-genotype-matched. The vaccine seeds that were closely related to genotype VII.1.1 provided higher protection against challenge against this genotype since it circulates in the Middle East region. Updating vaccine seeds with recent and closely related isolates provides higher protection.

scholarly journals Immunoinformatics analysis and antibody epitope comparison of Newcastle disease virus classical vaccines with a virus involved in the fifth NDV panzootic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed-Elias Tabatabaeizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Field Virus ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Antibody Epitopes

Abstract Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has negatively affected the poultry industry worldwide. Given that the antigenic similarity of a vaccine strain to a field virus is effective in protection, an immunoinformatics study was performed to examine the similarity between antibody epitopes of classical vaccines and a sub-genotype VII.2 NDV (VII.2 NDV). Considering the role of fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins in the induction of neutralizing antibodies, the 3D structure of HN and F proteins of the VII.2 NDV and nine vaccine strains were predicted, refined, and validated. Using these structures, linear and conformational antibody epitopes were mapped. Epitope analysis showed distinct results from the evolutionary distance and protein identity analysis and it was found that the range of difference in the number of identical epitopes in relation to F is wider than HN protein. LaSota and B1 vaccine strains showed the least epitope identity to the VII.2 NDV. The V4 and I-2 vaccine strains showed the highest epitope identity with the VII.2 NDV especially in F protein which is important in virus cell-to-cell transmission. In conclusion, excellence of the LaSota vaccine under field condition shows that protection is not just about epitope similarities and especially in the case of live vaccines, the vaccine-induced damage, replicative capacity and tropism of the vaccine strain are important. The prediction of this study may be useful for inactivated vaccines in which the amount of antigen is all that matters.

scholarly journals To the prevention of infectious diseases in chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Momot ◽  
Yulia Kolina ◽  
Alexey Trebukhov ◽  
Svetlana Terebova ◽  
Yulia Chekunkova
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Newcastle disease affects birds of different breeds and ages (turkeys, quails, guinea fowls, chickens). Given the possibility of spreading the disease by birds of other species, including migratory birds, it makes more sense to immunize chickens during their long-distance migration. The main measure of disease prevention remains its competent specific prevention with the use of live and inactivated vaccines, as the specialists of the Khankai branch of the Khorol Veterinary Station for animal diseases control told the public. The only way to protect against the disease is to vaccinate all types of poultry.

scholarly journals The efficacy of binary ethylenimine-inactivated vaccines of Gianyar-1/AK/2014 virulent strain in protecting chickens against Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi ◽  
I Nyoman Mantik Astawa ◽  
I Gusti Agung Arta Putra
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
The Mean

Aim: This study aimed to prepare binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine and to examine their ability to induce a protective antibody response in commercial chickens. Materials and Methods: A virulent NDV field isolate Gianyar-1/AK/2014 was propagated in chicken-embryonated eggs and was then inactivated with BEI at a concentration of 4 mM. Three groups of chickens with low-level (2 log2 hemagglutination inhibition [HI] units) maternally derived antibodies against NDV were then immunized with the BEI-inactivated vaccine. A commercial live vaccine (LaSota strain) was used as positive control, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as negative control. A challenge experiment with a virulent NDV of Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 was performed at 3 weeks post-vaccination. Results: At 2 weeks post-immunization, the mean titers of antibodies against NDV in serum samples of chickens immunized with 0.2 mL of BEI-inactivated NDV (Group I), with live commercial NDV vaccine (Group II) and with PBS (Group III) were 3±0.94 log2 HI units, 4.9±0.99 log2 HI unit, and 0.0±0.0 HI units, respectively. At week 3 post-immunization, the mean titers of the antibodies for the three groups were 5±1.09 log2 HI units, 6.9±0.32 log2 HI units, and 0.00 HI units, respectively. The antibody titer induced by inactivated NDV Gianyar-1/AK/2014 isolates examined at 2 and 3 weeks post-vaccination was still at a significantly (p<0.01) lower level as compared to those induced by commercial life vaccine. However, the challenge test with virulent NDV of Tabanan 1/ARP/2017 isolates showed that all immunized chickens (Group I and II) survived without exhibiting any clinical sign post-challenge with the protection rates of 100%, whereas all chickens injected with PBS (Group III) died with clinical signs of ND. Conclusion: This finding shows that the BEI-inactivated vaccines prepared using virulent NDV of Gianyar-1/AK/2014 strain was able to induce protective antibody response in chickens but still at a lower level than those induce by commercial live NDV vaccine.

scholarly journals Development, Biological Characterization, and Immunological Evaluation of Virosome Vaccine against Newcastle Disease in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool ◽  
Asif Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Saqalein ◽  
Muhammad Atif Nisar ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly fatal, infectious, viral disease, and despite immunization with live and inactivated vaccines, the disease is still endemic, causing heavy morbidity and mortality leading to huge economic losses to the poultry industry in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study was aimed for the first time in the country at using novel virosomal technology to develop the ND vaccine using an indigenous highly virulent strain of the virus. ND virosome was prepared using Triton X-100, and SM2 Bio-Beads were used to remove the detergent and reconstitute the viral membrane into virosome. Confirmation was done by transmission electron microscopy and protein analysis by SDS-PAGE. In vitro cell adhesion property was observed by incorporating green fluorescent protein (GFP), producing plasmid into virosome and in vitro cell culture assay. Sterility, safety, and stability of the vaccine were tested before in vivo evaluation of immunogenicity and challenge protection study in commercial broiler. The virosome vaccine was administered (30 μg/bird) at days 7 and 14 through the intranasal route in comparison with commercially available live and inactivated ND vaccines. Results revealed significantly high ( p < 0.05 ) and clinically protective hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days postimmunization with the virosome vaccine in comparison to the negative control. The GMTs were comparable to live and inactivated vaccines with nonsignificant ( p > 0.05 ) differences throughout the experiment. Antibody levels increased in all vaccinated groups gradually from the 7th day and were maximum at 28th-day postvaccination. In the virosome-administered group, GMT was 83.18 and 77.62 at 21st and 28th-days postvaccination, respectively. Challenge revealed 100%, 90%, and 80% protection in virosome, live, and inactivated vaccinated groups, respectively. Under given experimental conditions, we can conclude that ND virosome vaccine prepared from the indigenous virus was found to be safe and immunogenic.

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