Experimental anthrax in domestic swine

Abstract Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), the hairy maggot blow fly, is of great importance for the field of forensic entomology due to its habit as an early colonizer of decomposing vertebrate remains and myiasis producer. Development studies on this species have been conducted in scattered regions of the world, using types of tissue from several species of animals as a rearing medium. Despite the commonality of C. rufifacies in Sri Lanka, developmental studies have never been performed in this region. As well, the effects of diet on development have not been tested. In the current study, C. rufifacies immatures were reared on skeletal muscle, liver, and heart from domestic swine, with flies from colonies maintained at 25 and 28°C. The minimum time needed to complete each stage at 25°C on liver (224.14 h) was fastest followed by skeletal muscle (249.33 h) and heart (251.64 h) respectively, whereas at 28°C, fly development was quickest on heart muscle (178.27 h) followed by liver (178.50 h) and skeletal muscle (186.17 h) respectively. A significant difference in total development time was determined for temperature, while the rearing medium was not significant. Temperature also showed a significant effect on the length and the width of the larvae, while the type of tissue statistically impacted only the width.

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Identification and genetic diversity of hepatitis E virus in domestic swine from Slovakia

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02936-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Jackova ◽

Katarina Dudasova ◽

Slavomira Salamunova ◽

Rene Mandelik ◽

Jaroslav Novotny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Developed Countries ◽

European Countries ◽

Major Clade ◽

Information Gap ◽

Production Stages ◽

Suckling Piglets ◽

Domestic Swine

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is agent causing hepatitis worldwide. Originally considered to be limited to developing countries, this virus was also detected in developed countries. In recent years an increasing number of reports indicate that farmed domestic pigs are widely infected with HEV in several European countries. The HEV status in Slovakia is still missing. Results In this study, the circulation of HEV among domestic swine in Slovakia and genetic diversity of the virus was studied. Overall HEV RNA was detected in 53/388 (13.7, 95% CI: 10.40–17.48%) pig rectal swabs in five production stages (age categories) with statistically significant differences among all the stages. The highest HEV prevalence was observed in weaners 24/81 (29.6, 95% CI: 19.99–40.81%) and then significantly declined in growers and fatteners. No HEV was detected in suckling piglets and sows. Twenty-eight partial sequences of ORF1 (242 bp) and seventeen of ORF2 (304 bp) were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis and p-distance comparisons confirmed in both ORFs that all Slovak HEV sequences belong to the genotype HEV-3, major clade 3abchij with higher identity to 3a and 3i subtypes. Three sequences were outside of all lastly updated HEV-3 subtypes. Conclusion This is the first report to fill the information gap about HEV infection in pigs in Slovakia. The results suggested a lower prevalence of HEV in Slovak pig farms than observed in other European countries. While most HEV isolates were typed as HEV-3 clade 3abchij, three sequences were unclassified.

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Epidemiological and clinical aspects of human Brucella suis infection in Polynesia

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268811001075 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 139 (10) ◽

pp. 1621-1625 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G. GUERRIER ◽

J. M. DARONAT ◽

L. MORISSE ◽

J. F. YVON ◽

G. PAPPAS

Keyword(s):

Human Infection ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Cultural Significance ◽

Systematic Screening ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Brucella Suis ◽

Significant Burden ◽

Swine Herds ◽

Domestic Swine ◽

Index Cases

SUMMARYHigh brucellosis seroprevalence rates in domestic swine herds have been reported in Wallis and Futuna Islands and are associated with a significant burden of human infection by Brucella suis, a species that is rarely incriminated in human disease. Between 2003 and 2010, seven patients had a positive blood culture for B. suis biovar 1, 11 symptomatic patients had a positive Rose Bengal test (RBT) and a positive serum agglutination test (SAT) and three asymptomatic cases were found to be positive for RBT, SAT or ELISA IgM (after systematic screening of 52 family members of 15 index cases). Overall, Brucella infection was diagnosed in 21 people, corresponding to a mean annual incidence of 19 cases/100 000 inhabitants. Compared to series of patients infected with other more commonly encountered Brucella spp. such as B. melitensis and B. abortus, clinical presentation and percentage and distribution of complications were similar, apart from a marked observation of significantly increased median alanine aminotransferase levels, 20 times greater than upper normal rates, but not accompanied by any particular hepatic pathology. Wallis and Futuna, where people live in close proximity to animals and where the cultural significance of pig-raising precludes the implementation of adequate veterinary preventive measures, thus represents one of the few known B. suis foci worldwide and allows for evaluation of the peculiarities of this infection.

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Molecular characterization of Belgian pseudorabies virus isolates from domestic swine and wild boar

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.05.001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 172 (1-2) ◽

pp. 72-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sara Verpoest ◽

Ann Brigitte Cay ◽

Nick De Regge

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Domestic Swine ◽

Virus Isolates

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Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0008-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Marian Flis

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Species Population ◽

Wild Boar Meat ◽

Population Interaction ◽

Domestic Swine ◽

Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

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Detection and analysis of porcine circovirus type 1 in Hungarian wild boars: Short communication

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.56.2008.1.15 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Attila Cságola ◽

István Kiss ◽

Tamás Tuboly

Keyword(s):

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Chain Reactions ◽

Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽

Pathogenic Virus ◽

A Genome ◽

Domestic Swine ◽

Porcine Origin

Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) is considered to be a non-pathogenic virus detected in cell cultures, vaccines or products used for cell culture preparations, all of them of porcine origin. Serological evidence and genetic studies suggested that PCV1 was widespread in domestic pigs. The presence of PCV1 in wild boars in Germany was also described using serological methods. This paper reports the first detection of PCV1 in Hungarian wild boars. Samples were collected at slaughterhouses and processed for polymerase chain reactions. The complete genome of PCV1 detected in the samples was determined and compared with the available PCV1 sequences of the GenBank database. The genomes formed two distinct clusters with minimum differences, where the Hungarian wild boar PCV1 (WB-H8) grouped together with genomes originating from domestic swine from China and Australia and with a genome detected in a porcine pepsin product.

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Lack of evidence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in domestic swine in Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782004000200018 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 449-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Janice Reis Ciacci-Zanella ◽

Cristiano Trombetta ◽

Ildara Vargas ◽

Denise Euclydes Mariano da Costa

Keyword(s):

Genetic Material ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Viral Isolation ◽

Culture Cells ◽

Commercial Kits ◽

Swine Herds ◽

Domestic Swine

This report describes the first prevalence of antibodies and experimental inoculation of suspected samples of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from ELISA positive pigs from swine herds in Brazil. Based on the hypothesis that this agent is present in swine herds worldwide, the objective of this work was to establish a diagnostic methodology and to investigate the occurrence of PRRSV in Brazilian swine herds. Fifty-four swine herds, the total number which imported genetic material (live pigs or swine semen) from countries where PRRS was endemic from 1990 to December 2000, from eight Brazilian States all included in this study. The sampling used was such as to detect a prevalence of infection of 5%, with a confidence level of 95%. A total of 3785 serum samples were tested for PRRSV antibodies by ELISA. Following the ELISA test, which was performed with two different commercial kits, all serum positive pigs were retested, examined and additional materials were collected. Viral isolation in permissive tissue culture cells and swine bioassays were performed. Additionally, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested RT-PCR were also performed. We could not demonstrate the presence of PRRSV or RNA of PRRSV by viral isolation or RT-PCR (or nested RT-PCR), respectively in all of the analyzed samples. Furthermore, the pigs inoculated with PRRSV suspicion samples did not seroconvert nor produce characteristic PRRS lesions in the swine bioassay. Thus, our results indicate no evidence of PRRSV in the samples analyzed from swine herds in this study.

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