THE LINE RICO IS THE EARLIEST MATURING ACCESSION IN THE VIR COLLECTION OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT

Background. To optimize the process of bread wheat breeding for earliness and environmental adaptability, searching for new source material is a crucial task. The ultra-early line Rico (k-65588) – Triticum aestivum var. erythrospermum Koern. – stands out among the bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection for its important adaptive features.Materials and methods. Spring wheat accessions with different speed of development were selected from the VIR collection for this study, along with the ultra-early lines Rifor 1 ... 10 (F6-7 Rico × Forlani Roberto k-42641) and Fori 1 ... 8 (k-65589 ... k-65596) (F4 Foton k-55696 × Rico). Their responses to a short 12-hour day were assessed. Vernalization conditions were 30 days at 3°C. The genetics of plant sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiods was studied using allele-specific primers for the genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1.Results and conclusions. In the Northwest of Russia, the period from seeding to heading for Rico plants was 39.9 ± 1.49 days, or 14.8 ± 1.22 days less than for the released commercial wheat cultivars. Among the 8400 wheat accessions, studied by the Wheat Genetic Resources Department of VIR in this area from 1948 to 2018, the shortest period from germination to heading was observed in the line Rico: 29 (28–30) days. The absence of response to vernalization in Rico, Fori and Rifor lines was determined by the dominant alleles Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. Photoperiodism in Rico and partially in Rifor was controlled by at least two genes: Ppd-D1 and Ppd-B1. In the F2 population of Rico hybrids with 8 wheat accessions no transgression was observed beyond the limits of Rico‘s variation. The difference in the development rate between Rico and other wheat accessions is controlled by two or three non-allelic genes. Rifor lines can compete in productivity with commercialized wheat cultivars.

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Molecular labeling of Vrn, Ppd genes and vernalization response of the ultra-early lines of spring bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2658-6266-2021-3-o2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 26-36

Author(s):

B. V. Rigin ◽

E. V. Zuev ◽

I. I Matvienko ◽

A. S. Andreeva

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

High Rate ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Vernalization Response ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Allele Specific ◽

Wheat Lines ◽

Northwestern Russia

Background. The knowledge of genetic control of vernalization response in the ultra-early accessions can facilitate bread wheat breeding for a high adaptive capacity. Materials and methods. The study involved the ultra-early lines Rico (k-65588) and Rimax (k-67257) as the earliest maturing lines in the VIR bread wheat collection, as well as 10 Rifor lines (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) with a high rate of development before heading. A late ripening accession ‘Forlani Roberto’ (k-42641) and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety (k-64900), regionally adapted to Northwestern Russia, were also studied. The alleles of the Vrn and Ppd genes were identified by the PCR analysis using the allele-specific primers published in literature sources. The response to vernalization (30 days at 3°C) and a short 12-hour day were determined using a methodology accepted at VIR. Results. The ultra-early lines respond to a short 12-hour day and 30-day vernalization very poorly. The genotype of ultra-early wheat lines is mainly represented by three genes, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1a, and Vrn-D1, which ensure insensitivity to vernalization alongside with the expression of Ppd-D1a, which controls the response to photoperiod. The ultra-early lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 have a recessive allele vrn-A1a, like the original ‘Forlani Roberto’ accession. The lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 are vernalization-insensitive under the long day and have a very weak response under the short day (3.5±0.42 days and 4.0±0.61 days, respectively). However, ‘Forlani Roberto’ with the vrn-A1a gene responds to vernalization in the same way under any photoperiod (12.3±1.58 days and 12.2±0.74 days). Conclusion The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 with the vrn-A1a gene can have no response to vernalization or have a low level response. This effect can be a reason for the formation of a complex of modifier genes along with the dominant gene Vrn-D1, which forms during the hybridization of F7-8 Rico × Forlani Roberto. The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rico, Rimax and Rifor (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) can serve as effective sources of genes for earliness in common wheat breeding.

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Molecular Detection of Resistance to Biotic Stress Conditions in Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars

Innovative Approaches and Applications for Sustainable Rural Development - Springer Earth System Sciences ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-02312-6_18 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 305-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anatolii Karelov ◽

Natalia Kozub ◽

Igor Sozinov ◽

Oksana Sozinova ◽

Athanasios G. Mavromatis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Biotic Stress ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Spring Bread Wheat

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Comparative analysis of the inheritance of a high development rate in the Rimax and Rico lines of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2021-2-81-88 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 182 (2) ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

B. V. Rigin ◽

Е. V. Zuev ◽

А. S. Andreeva ◽

I. I. Matvienko ◽

Z. S. Pyzhenkova

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Development Rate ◽

Source Material ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Short Day ◽

Long Day ◽

Ctab Method ◽

Early Ripening

Background. Development of early-ripening spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars is an important task for Russian breeders. Knowledge of the genetics of ultraearly varieties – sources of valuable genes that determine an earlier-maturing type of plant development –will be used to work out methods for obtaining source material for breeding.Materials and methods. The ultra-early lines Rico (k65588, var. erythrospermum Koern.) and Rimax (k-67257, var. lutescens (Alef.) Mansf.), and cvs. ‘Max’ (k-57181, var. lutescens) and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ (k-64900, var. lutescens) were studied. Alleles of the Vrn and Ppd genes were identified by PCR according to known publications, and genomic DNA was isolated from 3-day-old seedlings by the CTAB method.Results. In the environments of Northwest Russia, the Rimax and Rico lines are characterized by the highest rate of development before heading among the spring wheat accessions from the VIR collection. In the Rimax and Rico genotypes, the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1 genes were found. Genotypes with different alleles of Ppd-D1 and Vrn-B1 were identified in the Rimax line. Under conditions of a long day (18 hours), in the population of F2 (F3 ) Rico × Rimax hybrids, the ratio of phenotypes with a high development rate to all others was observed as 1 : 15 (χ2 1: 15 = 0.64). Under a short day (12 hours), 5 clearly tested groups were identified in F2 with the ratio 1 : 4 : 6 : 4 : 1 (χ2 = 3.03; χ2 0.05 = 9.48), which indicates the manifestation of cumulative polymerization.Conclusion. Each of the Rimax and Rico lines has two pairs of independent duplicated genes that determine a high development rate. Under short-day conditions, these genes can interact like cumulative polymers. The Rimax and Rico lines, due to their high development rate, are valuable source material to be used in breeding for earliness.

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Redistribution Response of Photosynthetic Assimilates of Different Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars in Different Densities of Wild Oat

Journal of Crop production and processing ◽

10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.5.18.339 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (18) ◽

pp. 339-351

Author(s):

S. H. Mousavi ◽

S. A. Siadat ◽

KH. Alami-Saeid ◽

E. Zand ◽

A. M. Bakhshandeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Spring Bread Wheat

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Quality Assessment of Some Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars

Asian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.3923/ajcs.2018.10.21 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 10-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmed Mohamed Saied Hussein ◽

Hatem Salama Ali ◽

Abdel Rahman Al-Khalifa

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Spring Bread Wheat

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Field assessment of quantitative resistance to yellow rust in ten spring bread wheat cultivars

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/bf00025154 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. H. M. Broers ◽

X. Cuesta Subias ◽

R. M. López Atilano

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Quantitative Resistance ◽

Yellow Rust ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Field Assessment

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Differences in phasic development rate amongst wheat cultivars independent of responses to photoperiod and vernalization. A viewpoint of the intrinsic earliness hypothesis

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600075493 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 126 (4) ◽

pp. 403-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

G. A. Slafer

Keyword(s):

Temperature Regime ◽

Simulation Modelling ◽

Development Rate ◽

Published Data ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Vegetative Period ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

The Difference ◽

Genotypic Characteristic

SUMMARYDifferences amongst wheat cultivars in the rate of reproductive development are largely dependent on differences in their sensitivity to photoperiod and vernalization. However, when these responses are accounted for, by growing vernalized seedlings under long photoperiods, cultivars can still differ markedly in time to ear emergence. Control of rate of development by this ‘third factor’ has been poorly understood and is variously referred to as intrinsic earliness, earliness in the narrow sense, basic vegetative period, earliness per se, and basic development rate. Certain assumptions are made in the concept of intrinsic earliness. They are that differences in intrinsic earliness (i) are independent of the responses of the cultivars to photoperiod and vernalization, (ii) apply only to the length of the vegetative period up to floral initiation (as suggested by several authors), (iii) are maintained under different temperatures, measured either in days or degree days. As a consequence of this, the ranking of cultivars (from intrinsically early to intrinsically late) must be maintained at different temperatures. This paper, by the re-analysis of published data, examines the extent to which these assumptions can be supported.Although it is shown that intrinsic earliness operates independently of photoperiod and vernalization responses, the other assumptions were not supported. The differences amongst genotypes in time to ear emergence, grown under above-optimum vernalization and photoperiod (that is when the response to these factors is saturated), were not exclusively due to parallel differences in the length of the vegetative phase, and the length of the reproductive phase was independent of that of the vegetative phase. Thus, it would be possible to change the relative allocation of time to vegetative and reproductive periods with no change in the full period to ear emergence.The differences in intrinsic earliness between cultivars were modified by the temperature regime under which they were grown, i.e. the difference between cultivars (both considering the full phase to ear emergence or some sub-phases) was not a constant amount of time or thermal time at different temperatures. In addition, in some instances genotypes changed their ranking for ‘intrinsic earliness’ depending on the temperature regime. This was interpreted to mean that while all genotypes are sensitive to temperature they differ amongst themselves in the extent of that sensitivity.Therefore, ‘intrinsic earliness’ should not be considered as a static genotypic characteristic, but the result of the interaction between the genotype and temperature. Intrinsic earliness is therefore likely to be related to temperature sensitivity. Some implications of these conclusions for plant breeding and crop simulation modelling are discussed.

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The allelic state at the major semi-dwarfing genes in a panel of Turkish bread wheat cultivars and landraces

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262111000578 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 423-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. E. Yediay ◽

E. E. Andeden ◽

F. S. Baloch ◽

A. Börner ◽

B. Kilian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Microsatellite Locus ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Dwarfing Genes ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Allelic State ◽

Production Environments ◽

Allelic Distribution ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Polymerase Chain

Dwarfing genes play an important role in improving yield and adaptability of wheat cultivars in most production environments. Understanding the allelic distribution at dwarfing loci is very important for any wheat-breeding programmes. In this study, we reported the allelic constitution at microsatellite locus Xgwm261 and the two major height-reducing genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 among a set of 56 bread wheat cultivars and nine landraces, based on diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assays. With respect to Rht-B1, 37% of the accessions carried the dwarfing allele Rht-B1b, while at Rht-D1, only one accession carried the dwarfing allele Rht-D1b. The allelic state at Rht8 was assayed indirectly by genotyping for the linked microsatellite locus Xgwm261. About 26% of the accessions carried the 192 bp allele (linked with Rht8 gene in some cases), whereas 35 and 12% genotypes carried 165 and 174 bp allele at the microsatellite locus Xgwm261. Cultivars released from 1980 onwards increasingly carried either Rht-B1b or Rht8. This information should allow for a more rational use of this collection for the purpose of wheat improvement in Turkey.

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Grain weight in wheat cultivars released from 1920 to 1990 as affected by post-anthesis defoliation

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859696004133 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 273-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

B. C. KRUK ◽

D. F. CALDERINI ◽

G. A. SLAFER

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

The Difference ◽

Source Sink

Although it has been generally recognized that the difference in yield potential amongst wheat cultivars released in different eras is related to differences in their reproductive sink strength, there have been few investigations about changes in source–sink ratios as a consequence of wheat breeding. In the present study, two field experiments, in which plots were fertilized and irrigated and lodging and diseases were prevented, were carried out with seven cultivars (including a commercial hybrid) representing different periods of plant breeding in Argentina from 1920 to 1990. The cultivars were defoliated during post-anthesis to analyse the response of grain weight at particular positions within the spike (which have intrinsic differences in potential size).Individual grain weight was virtually unaffected by defoliation in the old cultivars, but modern cultivars exhibited a significant reduction in individual grain weight for several positions within the spike, although this reduction was small (c. 15%) and many grains were unaffected. In addition, no relationship was found between individual grain weight in the controls and its reduction due to defoliation.We concluded that if the source–sink ratio is further reduced, the grain yield of modern wheats will be simultaneously limited by the source and the sink. Future breeding should therefore attempt to improve simultaneously both sink and source strengths.

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