scholarly journals Molecular labeling of Vrn, Ppd genes and vernalization response of the ultra-early lines of spring bread wheat Triticum aestivum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
B. V. Rigin ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
I. I Matvienko ◽  
A. S. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Background. The knowledge of genetic control of vernalization response in the ultra-early accessions can facilitate bread wheat breeding for a high adaptive capacity. Materials and methods. The study involved the ultra-early lines Rico (k-65588) and Rimax (k-67257) as the earliest maturing lines in the VIR bread wheat collection, as well as 10 Rifor lines (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) with a high rate of development before heading. A late ripening accession ‘Forlani Roberto’ (k-42641) and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety (k-64900), regionally adapted to Northwestern Russia, were also studied. The alleles of the Vrn and Ppd genes were identified by the PCR analysis using the allele-specific primers published in literature sources. The response to vernalization (30 days at 3°C) and a short 12-hour day were determined using a methodology accepted at VIR. Results. The ultra-early lines respond to a short 12-hour day and 30-day vernalization very poorly. The genotype of ultra-early wheat lines is mainly represented by three genes, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1a, and Vrn-D1, which ensure insensitivity to vernalization alongside with the expression of Ppd-D1a, which controls the response to photoperiod. The ultra-early lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 have a recessive allele vrn-A1a, like the original ‘Forlani Roberto’ accession. The lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 are vernalization-insensitive under the long day and have a very weak response under the short day (3.5±0.42 days and 4.0±0.61 days, respectively). However, ‘Forlani Roberto’ with the vrn-A1a gene responds to vernalization in the same way under any photoperiod (12.3±1.58 days and 12.2±0.74 days). Conclusion The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 with the vrn-A1a gene can have no response to vernalization or have a low level response. This effect can be a reason for the formation of a complex of modifier genes along with the dominant gene Vrn-D1, which forms during the hybridization of F7-8 Rico × Forlani Roberto. The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rico, Rimax and Rifor (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) can serve as effective sources of genes for earliness in common wheat breeding.

scholarly journals THE LINE RICO IS THE EARLIEST MATURING ACCESSION IN THE VIR COLLECTION OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
B. V. Rigin ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
A. S. Andreeva ◽  
Z. S. Pyzhenkova ◽  
I. I. Matvienko
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Plant Sensitivity ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
The Difference

Background. To optimize the process of bread wheat breeding for earliness and environmental adaptability, searching for new source material is a crucial task. The ultra-early line Rico (k-65588) – Triticum aestivum var. erythrospermum Koern. – stands out among the bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection for its important adaptive features.Materials and methods. Spring wheat accessions with different speed of development were selected from the VIR collection for this study, along with the ultra-early lines Rifor 1 ... 10 (F6-7 Rico × Forlani Roberto k-42641) and Fori 1 ... 8 (k-65589 ... k-65596) (F4 Foton k-55696 × Rico). Their responses to a short 12-hour day were assessed. Vernalization conditions were 30 days at 3°C. The genetics of plant sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiods was studied using allele-specific primers for the genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1.Results and conclusions. In the Northwest of Russia, the period from seeding to heading for Rico plants was 39.9 ± 1.49 days, or 14.8 ± 1.22 days less than for the released commercial wheat cultivars. Among the 8400 wheat accessions, studied by the Wheat Genetic Resources Department of VIR in this area from 1948 to 2018, the shortest period from germination to heading was observed in the line Rico: 29 (28–30) days. The absence of response to vernalization in Rico, Fori and Rifor lines was determined by the dominant alleles Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. Photoperiodism in Rico and partially in Rifor was controlled by at least two genes: Ppd-D1 and Ppd-B1. In the F2 population of Rico hybrids with 8 wheat accessions no transgression was observed beyond the limits of Rico‘s variation. The difference in the development rate between Rico and other wheat accessions is controlled by two or three non-allelic genes. Rifor lines can compete in productivity with commercialized wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Analysis of Glu-1 loci in samples of rare wheat species and their hybrides

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
S. M. Sichkar ◽  
L. H. Velykozhon ◽  
O. V. Dubrovna ◽  
B. V. Morgun
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Dasypyrum Villosum ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Allele Composition

Aim. Determination of the allelic composition of Glu-1 loci in samples of rare wheat species and their hybrids with spring bread wheat. Methods. PCR analysis. Results. In existing collection samples of the rare wheat species the alleles of the a/c loci Glu-A1 were found, while allele b was found only in T.dicoccum, var. volgense (Emmer Kokchetavskaya). An additional amplicon with a length of 450 bp was found in the Glu-A1 locus in the sample (T. dicoccum × Dasypyrum villosum), and in (Ae. ventricosa × T. dicoccum) another one a length of 700 bp in genome B, was found require further research. Among hexaploid wheat, it was revealed genotypes differing in the presence of alleles a and d of the locus Glu-D1. The hybridity of the received forms has been confirmed, as evidenced by the identification of both parent components in the hybrids or alleles of the Glu-D1 locus of bread wheat in hybrids with emmer. Conclusions. Analysis of the allele composition of Glu1 locuses in samples of rare wheat species and their hybrids with bread wheat allowed to select genotypes and hybrid combinations that may be promising for further breeding work. Keywords: Triticum spelta L., T. dicoccum, hybrids, PCR analysis, Glu-1 locus.

scholarly journals Fine Mapping of qd1, a Dominant Gene that Regulates Stem Elongation in Bread Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongdun Xie ◽  
Weiwei Zeng ◽  
Chaojie Wang ◽  
Daxing Xu ◽  
Huijun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Yield Determination ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Kasp Markers

Stem elongation is a critical phase for yield determination and, as a major trait, is targeted for manipulation for improvement in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In a previous study, we characterized a mutant showing rapid stem elongation but with no effect on plant height at maturity. The present study aimed to finely map the underlying mutated gene, qd1, in this mutant. By analyzing an F2 segregating population consisting of 606 individuals, we found that the qd1 gene behaved in a dominant manner. Moreover, by using the bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-seq)-based linkage analysis method, we initially mapped the qd1 gene to a 13.55 Mb region on chromosome 4B (from 15.41 to 28.96 Mb). This result was further confirmed in F2 and BC3F2 segregating populations. Furthermore, by using transcriptome sequencing data, we developed 14 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers and then mapped the qd1 gene to a smaller and more precise 5.08 Mb interval from 26.80 to 31.88 Mb. To develop additional markers to finely map the qd1 gene, a total of 4,481 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 5.08 Mb interval were screened, and 25 KASP markers were developed based on 10x-depth genome resequencing data from both wild-type (WT) and mutant plants. The qd1 gene was finally mapped to a 1.33 Mb interval from 28.86 to 30.19 Mb on chromosome 4B. Four candidate genes were identified in this region. Among them, the expression pattern of only TraesCS4B02G042300 in the stems was concurrent with the stem development of the mutant and WT. The qd1 gene could be used in conjunction with molecular markers to manipulate stem development in the future.

PCR analysis of the wheat varieties and near-isogenic wheat lines with the use of allele-specific primers for the Gli-1 and Glu-3 loci

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
A. M. Polishchuk ◽  
S. V. Chebotar ◽  
E. M. Blagodarova ◽  
N. A. Kozub ◽  
I. A. Sozinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Gli 1 ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Validation of Bread Wheat KASP Markers in Durum Wheat Lines in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-465
Author(s):  
Shynar Anuarbek ◽  
Saule Abugalieva ◽  
Yerlan Turuspekov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Polyploid Crops

Abstract Development of efficient DNA markers plays an important role in modern breeding projects of many crops, including cultivated hexaploid bread wheat (BW) and tetraploid durum wheat (DW). Findings of genome-wide association studies on major polyploid crops, such as BW, may also help in molecular breeding studies in relative cultivated species with a similar genetic background, including DW. Therefore, the validation of identified quantitative trait loci or marker-trait associations is an important preliminary step in marker-assisted selection (MAS) oriented projects. In this study, thirty-two SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers of six agronomic traits identified in BW, harvested in Kazakhstan, were converted to KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) as-says. Generated 32 KASP assays were used in the analysis of 29 DW accessions from Kazakhstan. Firstly, the group of DW accessions was tested using replicated and randomised one-metre blocks in field conditions of southeast Kazakhstan and evaluated for main agronomic traits. The analysis showed that 14 KASP assays were polymorphic in the scoring of 29 DW accessions. The t-test suggested that the segregation in eight KASP assays was significantly associated with five agronomic traits. The study confirms robustness of KASP assays in MAS of DW breeding projects for the improvement of yield potential.

scholarly journals A prebreeding study of introgression spring bread wheat lines carrying combinations of stem rust resistance genes, Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-722
Author(s):  
S. N. Sibikeev ◽  
O. A. Baranova ◽  
A. E. Druzhin
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The Sr22, Sr35, and Sr25 genes attract the attention of bread wheat breeders with their effectiveness against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race Ug99 and its biotypes. The effectiveness and impact of Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 gene combinations on agronomic traits have not yet been studied. In the present article, these traits were studied using the spring bread wheat lines L503/W3534//L503, L503/Sr35//L503/3/L503 carrying the Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 genes during 2016–2020. These lines were assessed for resistance to P. graminis f. sp. tritici under natural epiphytotics and to the Saratov, Lysogorsk and Omsk populations of the pathogen and to the PgtZ1 (TKSTF) and PgtF18.6 fungus isolates in laboratory conditions (TKSTF + Sr33). The presence of the studied Sr-genes was confirmed by using molecular markers. Prebreeding studies were conducted during 2018–2020 vegetation periods. Under the natural epiphytotics of the pathogen and in the laboratory conditions, the Sr22+Sr25 combination was highly effective, while Sr35+Sr25 was ineffective. For grain yield, the lines with the Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 genes were superior to the recipient cultivar L503 in one year (Sr22+Sr25 in 2019; Sr35+Sr25 in 2018), with a decrease in 2020, but in general there were no differences. For the period 2018–2020, both combinations showed a decrease in 1000 grains weight and an increase in the germination-earing period. The line with Sr22+Sr25 genes showed insignificant effects on gluten and dough tenacity, but the ratio of dough tenacity to extensibility was higher, and flour strength, porosity and bread volume were lower; in the line with Sr35+Sr25 genes, the gluten content was lower, but the strength, tenacity of the dough and the ratio of dough tenacity to extensibility were higher, flour strength and the porosity of the bread were at the recipient level, but the volume of bread was lower.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of the stem rust resistance genes in the introgression lines of spring bread wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Baranova ◽  
S. N. Sibikeev ◽  
A. E. Druzhin
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Wheat Lines

A total of 57 introgression lines and 11 cultivars of spring bread wheat developed by All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection and cultivated in the Volga Region were analyzed. The lines were obtained with the participation of CIMMYT synthetics, durum wheat cultivars, direct crossing with Agropyron elongatum (CI-7-57) and have introgressions from related species of bread wheat, namely translocations from Ag. elongatum (7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L), Aegilops speltoides (2D-2S), Ae. ventricosum (2AL-2AS-2MV#1), Secale cereale (1BL-1R#1S), 6Agi (6D) substitution from Ag. intermedium and triticale Satu. Cultivars and lines were assessed for resistance to Saratov, Lysogorsk, Derbent and Omsk stem rust pathogen populations (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), and analyzed for the presence of the known Sr resistance genes using molecular markers. The analysis of the cultivars’ and lines’ resistance to the Saratov pathogen population in the field, as well as to Omsk, Derbent and Lysogorsk populations at the seedling stage, showed the loss of efficiency of the Sr25 and Sr6Agi genes. The Sr31 gene remained effective. Thirty one wheat lines out of 57 (54.4 % of samples) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr31/Lr26, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr57/Lr34 and Sr38/Lr37 genes were identified in the introgression lines. The Sr31/Lr26 gene was identified in 19 lines (33.3 % of samples). All lines carrying the 1RS.1BL translocation (Sr31/Lr26) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr25/Lr19 gene was identified in 49 lines (86 %). The gene combination Sr31/Lr26+ Sr25/Lr19 was identified in 15 lines (26.3 %). The gene combinations Sr38/Lr37+Sr25/Lr19, Sr57/Lr34+Sr25/Lr19 and Sr31/Lr26+Sr25/Lr19+Sr28 were identified in 3 introgression lines. These three lines were characterized by resistance to the pathogen populations studied in this work. The Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr32, Sr36 and Sr39 genes were not detected in the analyzed wheat lines.

scholarly journals Identification of spring wheat lines by the allelic state of Vrn genes for use in winter wheat breeding for carotenoid content

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
O. Leonov ◽  
Ya. Sharypina ◽  
Z. Usova ◽  
K. Suvorova ◽  
T. Sakhno
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Heterozygous State ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Wheat Lines

The aim of the research is allelic identifi cation of the genes Vrn A1, Vrn B1, Vrn B3, and Vrn D1 in 18 spring wheat samples and 3 lines obtained from winter-spring cross combinations with high carotenoid grain content for winter wheat breeding program. The content of carotenoid pigments in the grain ranged from 0.20 to 8.3 mg/100 g in the analyzed 143 samples of soft wheat. Samples of spring wheat were identifi ed for high content of carotenoids (more than 4.5 mg/100 g of flour): Volgouralskaya, Kinelskaya 61, Lutescens 540, Lutescens 598, Lutescens 575, Lutescens 516, Kinelskaya 2010, Omskaya 41. According to the studies, the presence of the Vrn-A1 allele established in 4 spring wheat samples (Sibiryachka 4, Frontana, Izolda, Dynastiya). The heterozygous state of the Vrn-A1 gene was determined for the Saratovskaya Zolotistaya variety. The presence of the allele Vrn-B1 was identifi ed in the samples Fora, Leningradka, Izolda, Saratovskaya Zolotistaya, Omskiy Tsirkon, Omskaya 41, Lutescens 540. For the samples Lutescens 516, L224-5 the heterozygous state of the locus Vrn-B1was determined. Analysis of the Vrn-B3 gene confi rmed the presence of the Vrn-B3 allele in all tested samples. Only variety Dynastiya carried a dominant allele. The Vrn-D1 gene was identifi ed in a recessive state in samples Fora, Sibiryachka 4, Novosibirskaya 22, Frontana, Leningradka, Kinelskaya 2010, Kinelskaya 61, Volgouralskaya, Omskaya 41, Lutescens 516, Lutescens 540, Lutescens 598, L224–5. In the variety Omskiy Tsircon gene Vrn-D1 was in a heterozygous state. The use of spring carriers of the trait – Samples Omskaya 41 and Lutescens 540, with one dominant gene Vrn-A1, and Lutescens 516, with the dominant allele of the gene Vrn-A1 and polymorphic in the Vrn B1 gene – were the most promising for the winter wheat breeding in the direction of increasing the carotenoids content in flour. Key words: bread wheat, variety, line, vernalization, carotenoids, genes Vrn A1, Vrn B1, Vrn B3, Vrn D1.

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