The allelic state at the major semi-dwarfing genes in a panel of Turkish bread wheat cultivars and landraces

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Yediay ◽  
E. E. Andeden ◽  
F. S. Baloch ◽  
A. Börner ◽  
B. Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Microsatellite Locus ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Allelic State ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Dwarfing genes play an important role in improving yield and adaptability of wheat cultivars in most production environments. Understanding the allelic distribution at dwarfing loci is very important for any wheat-breeding programmes. In this study, we reported the allelic constitution at microsatellite locus Xgwm261 and the two major height-reducing genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 among a set of 56 bread wheat cultivars and nine landraces, based on diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assays. With respect to Rht-B1, 37% of the accessions carried the dwarfing allele Rht-B1b, while at Rht-D1, only one accession carried the dwarfing allele Rht-D1b. The allelic state at Rht8 was assayed indirectly by genotyping for the linked microsatellite locus Xgwm261. About 26% of the accessions carried the 192 bp allele (linked with Rht8 gene in some cases), whereas 35 and 12% genotypes carried 165 and 174 bp allele at the microsatellite locus Xgwm261. Cultivars released from 1980 onwards increasingly carried either Rht-B1b or Rht8. This information should allow for a more rational use of this collection for the purpose of wheat improvement in Turkey.

Distribution of dwarfing genes (Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b) in Martonvásár wheat breeding materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gulyás ◽  
Z. Bognár ◽  
L. Láng ◽  
M. Rakszegi ◽  
Z. Bedő
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Marker Information

A total of 266 Martonvásár (Mv) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions, including varieties and advanced lines, were examined using the “Perfect” molecular markers to detect the Rht-B1b (formerly Rht1) and Rht-D1b (formerly Rht2) semi-dwarfing genes. The gene Rht-B1b was detected in a total of 221 (83.5%) accessions. The Rht-D1b allele was found in fewer accessions. Overall 24 genotypes (9%) contained this allele. The analysis of the development date of the genotypes revealed that the introduction of the dwarfing genes into Martonvásár breeding programmes started in the early 1970s, and they were widely utilized from the 1980s. The Rht-B1b allele was the main source for reducing plant height, while the Rht-D1b allele played only a minor role in the Martonvásár breeding programme.Characterizing accessions using various molecular markers allows us to create a database offering relevant marker information about genotypes. Such a database could be very helpful for selection, allowing breeders to include varieties giving positive results in specific breeding programmes.

Variation in south Asian wheat germplasm for seedling drought tolerance traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh R. Rosyara ◽  
Amrit A. Ghimire ◽  
Sushil Subedi ◽  
Ram C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Positive Correlations

Higher seedling vigour and greater coleoptile length are important for early establishment of wheat crops and subsequently higher grain yield in many dry environments. Seedling vigour includes those seed properties that determine the potential for rapid, uniform emergence and development of normal seedlings under a wide range of field conditions. Genotypes with the widely used gibberellic acid (GA)-insensitive dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b have good partitioning and grain yield under optimal conditions, but may perform poorly under stressed conditions due to poor crop establishment. Breeding programmes are in search of GA-sensitive dwarfing genes that do not affect seedling vigour under dry conditions. This study evaluated 40 genotypes currently used in wheat breeding programmes of south Asia for seedling vigour-related traits in greenhouse and field experiments during 2006–2007 at IAAS, Rampur, Nepal. Wide variation in coleoptile length, seedling vigour, as well as sensitivity to GA was observed. Among the genotypes studied, there were positive correlations among coleoptile length, leaf width and plant height. Genotypes, SW89-5193, SW89-5422/NL251 and SW89-5422, were found to have longer coleoptile, higher seedling vigour and response to GA application. This shows a promise for their further applications in the breeding programmes.

scholarly journals THE LINE RICO IS THE EARLIEST MATURING ACCESSION IN THE VIR COLLECTION OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
B. V. Rigin ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
A. S. Andreeva ◽  
Z. S. Pyzhenkova ◽  
I. I. Matvienko
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Plant Sensitivity ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
The Difference

Background. To optimize the process of bread wheat breeding for earliness and environmental adaptability, searching for new source material is a crucial task. The ultra-early line Rico (k-65588) – Triticum aestivum var. erythrospermum Koern. – stands out among the bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection for its important adaptive features.Materials and methods. Spring wheat accessions with different speed of development were selected from the VIR collection for this study, along with the ultra-early lines Rifor 1 ... 10 (F6-7 Rico × Forlani Roberto k-42641) and Fori 1 ... 8 (k-65589 ... k-65596) (F4 Foton k-55696 × Rico). Their responses to a short 12-hour day were assessed. Vernalization conditions were 30 days at 3°C. The genetics of plant sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiods was studied using allele-specific primers for the genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1.Results and conclusions. In the Northwest of Russia, the period from seeding to heading for Rico plants was 39.9 ± 1.49 days, or 14.8 ± 1.22 days less than for the released commercial wheat cultivars. Among the 8400 wheat accessions, studied by the Wheat Genetic Resources Department of VIR in this area from 1948 to 2018, the shortest period from germination to heading was observed in the line Rico: 29 (28–30) days. The absence of response to vernalization in Rico, Fori and Rifor lines was determined by the dominant alleles Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. Photoperiodism in Rico and partially in Rifor was controlled by at least two genes: Ppd-D1 and Ppd-B1. In the F2 population of Rico hybrids with 8 wheat accessions no transgression was observed beyond the limits of Rico‘s variation. The difference in the development rate between Rico and other wheat accessions is controlled by two or three non-allelic genes. Rifor lines can compete in productivity with commercialized wheat cultivars.

Evaluation of Sardari bread wheat ecotypes under the rainfed cold conditions of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-514
Author(s):  
M. Roostaei ◽  
M. R. Jalal Kamali ◽  
E. Roohi ◽  
R. Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Significant Patterns

AbstractPlant ecotypes represent heterogeneous, local adaptation of domesticated species and thereby provide genetic resources that meet current and new challenges for farming in drought-prone environments. A total of 536 Sardari bread wheat ecotypes, assembled from different geographical regions of Iran, were studied under rainfed cold conditions for three cropping seasons (2009–12). The main objectives were to (i) quantify the performance of the Sardari wheat ecotypes under cold rainfed conditions and (ii) provide information that would enable germplasm management and utilization in wheat breeding programmes to enhance the development of better adapted varieties for the rainfed cold conditions of Iran. All the ecotypes were evaluated for grain yield and several drought-adaptive traits. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant differences between years, ecotypes and their interaction effects for each studied trait. The Sardari wheat ecotypes showed considerable variability for the phenotypic traits and stability performance that could be utilized for wheat improvement in cold rainfed areas. Many of the Sardari wheat ecotypes exhibited a high combination of yield and stability for both drought and cold stresses, comparable to control cultivars. Multivariate analyses indicated several significant patterns among ecotypes from different geographical regions. In conclusion, selection from current Sardari wheat ecotypes may lead to yield stability and specific adaptation, which provides opportunities for this collection to be useful for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Allelic state at the microsatellite locus Xgwm261 marking the dwarfing gene Rht8 in Egyptian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes released from 1947 to 2004

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Salem
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Microsatellite Locus ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Wheat Breeding Program ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Rht8 is widely used in dry environments such as Mediterranean regions where it increases plant adaptability. Variation at the Gatersleben wheat microsatellite Xgwm261 locus, whose 192-bp allele closely linked to the dwarfing gene Rht8, on chromosome 2D within 0.6 cM, was used to screen thirty Egyptian bread wheat genotypes released from (1947-2004) to assess the variation at this locus. There were three microsatellite allelic variants based on size. Screening of this wheat collection showed that the three alleles Xgwm261-165, Xgwm261-174 and Xgwm261-192 bp were the most frequent. The highest allele frequency was observed for a Xgwm261-165 bp fragment (65.52%) followed by a Xgwm261-174 bp fragment (24.14%). However, the allele frequency of a Xgwm261-192 bp fragment among these wheat genotypes was 10.34%. The percentage distribution of dwarfing alleles for the microsatellite locus Xgwm261 in the Egyptian wheat breeding programs was 30, 20, 20 and 30% for the wheat breeding program Giza, Sakha, Gemmiza and Sids, respectively. PIC for Xgwm261 was 0.527. Genetic heritage of Egyptian genotypes at the microsatellite locus Xgwm261 is consequence of new parental components usage, carriers short plant and early maturity attributes and consequent selection progeny with these traits in breeding programs. The present study will be helpful in characterization Egyptian wheat genotypes, as well as in accurate selection of parents for wheat breeding program in Egypt.

Genealogical analysis of diversity of spring bread wheat cultivars released in Kazakhstan from 1929-2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Martynov ◽  
T. V. Dobrotvorskaya ◽  
A. I. Morgounov ◽  
R. A. Urazaliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Genealogical Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Growing Conditions

The genetic diversity of 116 spring bread wheat cultivars released in Kazakhstan from 1929-2004 was studied by means of a genealogical analysis. The tendency of genetic diversity to change over time was traced by analysing a series of n ´ m matrices, where n is the number of released cultivars and m is the number of landrace ancestors. The pool of landrace ancestors of spring wheat cultivars in 1929-2004 contained a total of 114 landraces and old varieties, including 19 from Kazakhstan and Central Asia and 23 from neighbouring regions of Russia. The original ancestors differ significantly in frequency of presence and hence in their importance in the genepool of spring wheats cultivated in Kazakhstan. Significant differences in the contributions of dominant ancestors to cultivars for various regions have been revealed, showing that those ancestors were specifically adapted to different growing conditions. During the past 75 years, genetic diversity has increased due to the wide use of foreign materials in breeding programmes. A more detailed study has shown that during the period analysed, 15 landraces from Kazakhstan and neighbouring regions of Central Asia and Russia (35% of local germplasm) were lost from the pedigrees. The cluster structure of modern cultivars included in the Kazakhstan Official List (2002) was established. By analysing coefficients of parentage, significant differences in the genetic diversity of cultivars from various growing regions were revealed.

Allelic Distribution of Puroindoline Genes Affecting the Grain Hardness in Some Iranian Bread Wheat Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Izanloo ◽  
Sanaz Norouzdokht-Nokhandan ◽  
Mohammad Mohammad ◽  
Mohammad -Ghader
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Allelic Distribution

scholarly journals Assessing adaptive requirements and breeding potential of spelt under Mediterranean environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Y. Curzon ◽  
Chandrasekhar Kottakota ◽  
Kamal Nashef ◽  
Shahal Abbo ◽  
David J. Bonfil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Day Length ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Sensitive Allele ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractThe rising demand for spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a high-value grain crop has raised interest in its introduction into non-traditional spelt growing areas. This study aimed to assess adaptive constrains of spelt under short Mediterranean season. At first screening of a wide spelt collection for phenology and allelic distribution at the photoperiod (PPD) and vernalization (VRN) loci was done. In addition an in-depth phenotypic evaluation of a selected panel (n = 20) was performed, including agronomically important traits and concentration of grain mineral (GMC) and grain protein (GPC) content. Results from both wide screening and in-depth in panel (group of 18 spelt lines and two bread wheat lines) evaluation shows that the major adaptive constraint for spelt under Mediterranean conditions is late heading, caused by day length sensitivity, as evident from phenology and allelic profile (PPD and VRN). All lines carrying the photoperiod-sensitive allele (PPD-D1b) were late flowering (> 120DH). Based on the panel field evaluations those consequently suffer from low grain yield and poor agronomic performances. As for minerals, GMC for all but Zn, significantly correlated with GPC. In general, GMC negatively correlated with yield which complicated the assessment of GMC per-se and challenge the claim for higher mineral content in spelt grains. The exceptions were, Fe and Zn, which did not correlate with yield. Spelt lines showing high Fe and Zn concentration in a high-yield background illustrate their potential for spelt wheat breeding. Improving spelt adaptation to Mediterranean environments could be mediated by introducing the insensitive-PPD-D1a allele to spelt wheat background. Following this breeding path spelt could better compete with bread wheat under short season with limited and fluctuating rain fall.

Nitrogen Metabolism and Yellowberry of Two Bread Wheat Cultivars 1

Crop Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Henson ◽  
J. Giles Waines
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Genetic architecture underlying the expression of eight α-amylase trypsin inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaoula EL Hassouni ◽  
Malte Sielaff ◽  
Valentina Curella ◽  
Manjusha Neerukonda ◽  
Willmar Leiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Close Physical Proximity ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Key message Wheat cultivars largely differ in the content and composition of ATI proteins, but heritability was quite low for six out of eight ATIs. The genetic architecture of ATI proteins is built up of few major and numerous small effect QTL. Abstract Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are important allergens in baker’s asthma and suspected triggers of non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) inducing intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation. As studies on the expression and genetic architecture of ATI proteins in wheat are lacking, we evaluated 149 European old and modern bread wheat cultivars grown at three different field locations for their content of eight ATI proteins. Large differences in the content and composition of ATIs in the different cultivars were identified ranging from 3.76 pmol for ATI CM2 to 80.4 pmol for ATI 0.19, with up to 2.5-fold variation in CM-type and up to sixfold variation in mono/dimeric ATIs. Generally, heritability estimates were low except for ATI 0.28 and ATI CM2. ATI protein content showed a low correlation with quality traits commonly analyzed in wheat breeding. Similarly, no trends were found regarding ATI content in wheat cultivars originating from numerous countries and decades of breeding history. Genome-wide association mapping revealed a complex genetic architecture built of many small, few medium and two major quantitative trait loci (QTL). The major QTL were located on chromosomes 3B for ATI 0.19-like and 6B for ATI 0.28, explaining 70.6 and 68.7% of the genotypic variance, respectively. Within close physical proximity to the medium and major QTL, we identified eight potential candidate genes on the wheat reference genome encoding structurally related lipid transfer proteins. Consequently, selection and breeding of wheat cultivars with low ATI protein amounts appear difficult requiring other strategies to reduce ATI content in wheat products.

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