Development of an Approach to Improving the Passenger Transport Routing Scheme in a Large City

Despite high importance of mass passenger transport for ensuring mobility of urban population, the current period is characterized by a pronounced shift in priorities in implementation of measures for development of the transport system of a large city towards private transport. Along with impossibility of maintaining high rates of construction and reconstruction of the main street and road network, such a position regarding urban planning results in significant overload of almost the entire transport infrastructure of a large city. In the opinion of most experts, key measures aimed at stabilizing the transport situation in cities should comprise implementation of a policy of active development of the mass passenger transportation system. Among the issues of organizing passenger transport operation, the most interesting is the procedure for tracing routes followed by subsequent development of a rational routing scheme, since in many respects the urban passenger travel time will depend on the results there-of. Improvement of the passenger transport routing scheme, considered in relationship with development of the city’s main street and road network, will allow achieving the required level of convenience by increasing traffic flow speed. After reviewing domestic and foreign works devoted to the study of urban transportation systems, it was found that the known methods of development of passenger transport routing schemes do not fully consider the interaction of traffic flows with urban main roads. Often, experts pay insufficient attention to optimization criteria that allow a comprehensive analysis of rationality of routing schemes options. Analysis of the requirements for bus routing, the choice of priority directions for their development and convenience of movement made it possible to generalize the principles of designing routing schemes and to assign criteria for their optimization. It has been established that speed is the most significant criterion for optimizing transportation systems, considering the peculiarities of the organization of traffic flows on the road network of a large city and its transport and operational conditions. Based on the routing experience accumulated over almost a century, an approach has been developed to reasonable assignment of measures for reorganizing the routing scheme, which allows us to consider the factors that determine the technical condition of the road network and the characteristics of traffic flows. Its general idea is to connect separate links of the transport network and to sequentially develop a set of competing route options, one of which will later be included in the rational routing scheme.

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Make More Connections: Urban Traffic Flow Forecasting with Spatiotemporal Adaptive Gated Graph Convolution Network

ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology ◽

10.1145/3488902 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Bin Lu ◽

Xiaoying Gan ◽

Haiming Jin ◽

Luoyi Fu ◽

Xinbing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Flow ◽

Road Network ◽

Large Scale ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Propagation Mechanism ◽

Urban Road ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Flow Forecasting ◽

Gating Mechanism

Urban traffic flow forecasting is a critical issue in intelligent transportation systems. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of urban road conditions, how to capture the dynamic spatiotemporal correlation and make accurate predictions is very challenging. In most of existing works, urban road network is often modeled as a fixed graph based on local proximity. However, such modeling is not sufficient to describe the dynamics of the road network and capture the global contextual information. In this paper, we consider constructing the road network as a dynamic weighted graph through attention mechanism. Furthermore, we propose to seek both spatial neighbors and semantic neighbors to make more connections between road nodes. We propose a novel Spatiotemporal Adaptive Gated Graph Convolution Network ( STAG-GCN ) to predict traffic conditions for several time steps ahead. STAG-GCN mainly consists of two major components: (1) multivariate self-attention Temporal Convolution Network ( TCN ) is utilized to capture local and long-range temporal dependencies across recent, daily-periodic and weekly-periodic observations; (2) mix-hop AG-GCN extracts selective spatial and semantic dependencies within multi-layer stacking through adaptive graph gating mechanism and mix-hop propagation mechanism. The output of different components are weighted fused to generate the final prediction results. Extensive experiments on two real-world large scale urban traffic dataset have verified the effectiveness, and the multi-step forecasting performance of our proposed models outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines.

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A3T-GCN: Attention Temporal Graph Convolutional Network for Traffic Forecasting

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10070485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 485

Author(s):

Jiandong Bai ◽

Jiawei Zhu ◽

Yujiao Song ◽

Ling Zhao ◽

Zhixiang Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Technological Problem ◽

Traffic Flows ◽

Convolutional Network ◽

Temporal Dimension ◽

Time Points ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Forecasting ◽

Temporal Graph

Accurate real-time traffic forecasting is a core technological problem against the implementation of the intelligent transportation system. However, it remains challenging considering the complex spatial and temporal dependencies among traffic flows. In the spatial dimension, due to the connectivity of the road network, the traffic flows between linked roads are closely related. In the temporal dimension, although there exists a tendency among adjacent time points, the importance of distant time points is not necessarily less than that of recent ones, since traffic flows are also affected by external factors. In this study, an attention temporal graph convolutional network (A3T-GCN) was proposed to simultaneously capture global temporal dynamics and spatial correlations in traffic flows. The A3T-GCN model learns the short-term trend by using the gated recurrent units and learns the spatial dependence based on the topology of the road network through the graph convolutional network. Moreover, the attention mechanism was introduced to adjust the importance of different time points and assemble global temporal information to improve prediction accuracy. Experimental results in real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed A3T-GCN. We observe the improvements in RMSE of 2.51–46.15% and 2.45–49.32% over baselines for the SZ-taxi and Los-loop, respectively. Meanwhile, the Accuracies are 0.95–89.91% and 0.26–10.37% higher than the baselines for the SZ-taxi and Los-loop, respectively.

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GIS-Analysis of Central Asian Transportation Systems’ Configuration

Geodesy and Cartography ◽

10.22389/0016-7126-2019-950-8-45-51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 950 (8) ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

P.M. Sapanov

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Road Network ◽

Road Transport ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Gis Analysis ◽

Road Transportation ◽

The Road ◽

Central Asian ◽

High Degree

The author describes the performed GIS-analysis of the Central Asian transportation systems. The road transportation infrastructure of the whole region and its individual countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) has been studied. The overview of the factors, influencing the formation of regional transportation systems, including historical, political and natural, has been done. The road network of Central Asian countries has been modeled using GIS network analysis toolset, with spatial data provided by OpenStreetMap. The so-called topological tiers of the network have been identified, showing the uneven provision of the studied area with road transport infrastructure. The proposed research method makes it possible to note a high degree of the road network integration between the countries. The areas with low transport accessibility, as well as autonomous parts of road network have been visualized. The research categorizes the countries’ transport networks configurations types formed under the influence of economic, social, agricultural, climatic and topographical factors.

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MODELLING TRAFFIC FLOWS USING GRAPH THEORY

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis ◽

10.3846/mla.2010.118 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 86-89

Author(s):

Oksana Musyt ◽

Oksana Nadtochij ◽

Aleksandr Stepanchiuk ◽

Andrej Beljatynskij

Keyword(s):

Graph Theory ◽

Network Optimization ◽

Road Network ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Transport ◽

Traffic Flows ◽

Urban Road ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Jams ◽

On The Road

An intensive increase in road transport, particularly individual, in recent years has led to such consequences as increased time spent on travel, the number of forced stops, traffic accidents, the occurrence of traffic jams on the road network, reducing traffic speed and a deteriorated urban road network in cities. The most effective method for solving these problems is the use of graph theory, the main characteristics of which is reliability, durability and accessibility of a free as well as loaded network. Based on their analysis the methods for network optimization are proposed.

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Transport accessibility and mobility: a forecast of changes in the face of planned development of the network of expressways and motorways in Poland

European Spatial Research and Policy ◽

10.18778/1231-1952.26.2.08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 151-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michał Kowalski ◽

Szymon Wiśniewski

Keyword(s):

European Country ◽

Road Network ◽

Transport Network ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Traffic Flows ◽

Transport Accessibility ◽

The Road ◽

The Face ◽

Infrastructure Investments ◽

Made In

The article presents a forecast of changes in the level of transport accessibility and mobility in Poland as a result of the anticipated development of the network of expressways and motorways. The progress which has been made in this respect in the last few years in Poland is unquestionable and unrepeatable by any other European country. Will the subsequent investment plans concerning the road network of the highest parameters offer equally impressive results as far as the increase in Poland’s territorial cohesion is concerned? The aim of this article is to establish in what way the planned infrastructure investments will affect the changes in transport accessibility and mobility as well as whether they will result in the changes in traffic flows directed to Warsaw and other regional centres. To achieve this, an analysis of the present and target state of the road network in Poland was conducted from the perspective of changes in accessibility, anticipated traffic flows, and mobility. For this purpose the authors used the analyses of isochrone and accumulative accessibility in ArcMap environment and research into traffic flows and their changes in the Visum software. The conducted research showed that the planned transport network might result in induced traffic through a increase in accessibility (the central variant) with the assumption that an increase in mobility would be vented in the real face of the phenomenon of motility. The fact of opening new road sections of expressways will contribute to substantial changes in the directions of traffic flows only to a slight extent, and the only transformations concern regions with already developed fast car transport infrastructure whose functionality is limited due to the lack of its cohesion in the subsequent course or lack of a developed network of expressways and motorways.

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Estimation of transport flow intensity using geoinformation systems

Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” ◽

10.35595/2414-9179-2021-1-27-195-204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 195-204

Author(s):

Victoria Bitykova ◽

Nikita Mozgunov

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Road Network ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Local Level ◽

Federal District ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Traffic Load ◽

Field Observations ◽

Traffic Flows ◽

The Road

The main discussion is about methods for assessing the intensity of traffic flows using geoinformation technologies. The intensity of traffic flows is one of the key indicators that determine the emission from transport in urban areas. In Russia, the growth in the volume and share of motor transport in pollution is increasing under the influence of an increase in the number of cars. This is most obvious examples of it are regions of the Central Federal District, but in the regional centers, under the influence of the improvement in the structure of the vehicle park, the growth of pollution is much slower, and in Moscow it has practically stabilized. At the local level, the determining factor of road traffic pollution is the change in the building density and the transport-planning structure. The collection and calculation of indicators that give an idea of the spatial differentiation of emissions from road transport is a very time-consuming stage of the study. The most common method of obtaining information on the transport and environmental situation in the city is directly field data collection. However, this method is quite time consuming for research. In conditions when the transport infrastructure is developing rapidly, the speed of field observations does not allow promptly updating information on changes in the traffic load of the road network and, as a result, assessing the current ecological situation in the territory. As an alternative to the traditional collection of information, modern sources of geoinformation data can be used. The services, originally developed to provide operational monitoring of the traffic situation and the construction of optimal routes, can also serve as a source of data for models for assessing the intensity of traffic load in environmental studies. The proposed technique has been tested at the level of districts and administrative districts of Moscow. The results obtained are compared with control field observations. The relatively low measurement error when using data from information systems is compensated by the possibility of more efficiently obtaining information about the traffic load on the sections of the road network.

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Ensuring the integrity of the road network as the key to solving the problems of highway capacity in cities

Nexo Revista Científica ◽

10.5377/nexo.v34i01.11289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (01) ◽

pp. 103-111

Author(s):

Arkady V. Zakharov ◽

Tatiana R. Zabalueva

Keyword(s):

Traffic Congestion ◽

Road Network ◽

Large City ◽

Small Rivers ◽

Highway Capacity ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Jams ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Bridge Building ◽

The City

Broadband highways are being built in major cities around the world to combat traffic congestion. At the same time, existing buildings are demolished or powerful overpasses are raised above them. However, it often turns out that newly created highways quickly exhaust their capacity, and traffic jams are formed on them again. This situation indicates that increasing the capacity of the highway does not solve the problem of traffic jams, but often aggravates it, since as a result of this increase, even more cars are drawn to the highway from adjacent territories, often exceeding their current capacity. At the same time, the streets in the surrounding areas are empty and their potential is not used to the full extent. This situation has arisen due to the disruption of the city road network by lengthy obstacles in the form of ravines, rivers, floodplains of small rivers, and railways. This situation can be corrected by "stitching" the streets over the gaps by building bridges and overpasses with a capacity corresponding to the capacity of the "stitched" streets. Most of the gaps fall on relatively small streets, which approach the banks of fairly wide floodplains of small rivers and streams, and this makes it advisable to build mainly small (with a span of 20-25 m) and relatively inexpensive bridges, with the number of spans sufficient to cover the floodplain and reach the levels of road surfaces of connected streets. There will be several hundred such bridges over the river barriers in a large city, for example, Moscow, and several hundred more, taking into account the required number of them over the railways, and in the end, about a thousand. It is proposed to erect bridge buildings instead of simple road bridges. Such structures combine two city functions; the first of them is transport, the second is public, residential, or economic, depending on the needs of the city and the environmental situation at the construction site. An important requirement for the second function is a quick return on the financial assets invested in the construction and income from the operation of the building acceptable to the investor. The bridge part of a bridge building should become the property of the city.

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Analysis of the Possibility to Detect Road Vehicles via Bluetooth Technology

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21217281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 7281

Author(s):

Răzvan Andrei Gheorghiu ◽

Valentin Iordache ◽

Angel Ciprian Cormoș

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Traffic Networks ◽

Traffic Flows ◽

Time Data ◽

Road Vehicles ◽

The Road ◽

Big Picture ◽

Road Traffic Networks

As road traffic networks become more congested and information systems are implemented to manage traffic flows, real-time data gathering becomes increasingly important. Classic detectors are placed in one point of the network and are able to provide information only from that area. As useful as this is, it lacks the big picture of the routes the vehicles usually travel. There are applications developed to help individuals make their way into the road network, but these are no solutions that deal with the cause of traffic; rather, they counteract the effects. It becomes obvious that a proper management system, with knowledge of all the relevant aspects will better serve all travelers. The detection solution proposed in this paper is based on Bluetooth detectors. This system is able to match detected devices in the road network, filter the results, and generate a vehicle count that is proved to follow RADAR detection results.

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FUNCTIONING OF THE CAR PARKING PLACES NEAR HOUSES: FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM OF THE ROAD CITY NETWORK

The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal ◽

10.26518/2071-7296-2019-6-670-679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 670-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. E. Agureev ◽

D. A. Yurchenko

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Road Network ◽

Transport Model ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Traffic Flows ◽

Residential Areas ◽

The Road ◽

Network Loading ◽

On The Road

Introduction. The load models of the road network make it possible to understand a lot of the transport, social, environmental, and other city problems. Creating transport models requires knowledge of the traffic flows’ formation and functioning. The paper formulates a goal and poses tasks for the research conducting of the adjoining territories of residential areas in Tula as one of the urban traffic flows’ sources and of the identifying patterns of the parking places near houses’ influence on the road network loading.Materials and methods. The basis of the research was the development in the field of predictive simulation of automobile transport systems. The authors used complex of computer-aided design “TransNet”, which allowed adjusting the initial data in the base model by the results of the parking places’ functioning.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the improved transport model of Tula allows making the forecast for determining the main parameters of the transport system taking into account the dynamics of vehicles’ local area departure at different time intervals. Moreover, the proposed methodological tools and algorithm for solving the problem of the road network loading in a quasi-dynamic setting helps to solve existing transport problems and to improve the traffic organization.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

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