scholarly journals Transport accessibility and mobility: a forecast of changes in the face of planned development of the network of expressways and motorways in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kowalski ◽  
Szymon Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
European Country ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Face ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Made In

The article presents a forecast of changes in the level of transport accessibility and mobility in Poland as a result of the anticipated development of the network of expressways and motorways. The progress which has been made in this respect in the last few years in Poland is unquestionable and unrepeatable by any other European country. Will the subsequent investment plans concerning the road network of the highest parameters offer equally impressive results as far as the increase in Poland’s territorial cohesion is concerned? The aim of this article is to establish in what way the planned infrastructure investments will affect the changes in transport accessibility and mobility as well as whether they will result in the changes in traffic flows directed to Warsaw and other regional centres. To achieve this, an analysis of the present and target state of the road network in Poland was conducted from the perspective of changes in accessibility, anticipated traffic flows, and mobility. For this purpose the authors used the analyses of isochrone and accumulative accessibility in ArcMap environment and research into traffic flows and their changes in the Visum software. The conducted research showed that the planned transport network might result in induced traffic through a increase in accessibility (the central variant) with the assumption that an increase in mobility would be vented in the real face of the phenomenon of motility. The fact of opening new road sections of expressways will contribute to substantial changes in the directions of traffic flows only to a slight extent, and the only transformations concern regions with already developed fast car transport infrastructure whose functionality is limited due to the lack of its cohesion in the subsequent course or lack of a developed network of expressways and motorways.

scholarly journals Estimation of transport flow intensity using geoinformation systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Victoria Bitykova ◽  
Nikita Mozgunov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The Road

The main discussion is about methods for assessing the intensity of traffic flows using geoinformation technologies. The intensity of traffic flows is one of the key indicators that determine the emission from transport in urban areas. In Russia, the growth in the volume and share of motor transport in pollution is increasing under the influence of an increase in the number of cars. This is most obvious examples of it are regions of the Central Federal District, but in the regional centers, under the influence of the improvement in the structure of the vehicle park, the growth of pollution is much slower, and in Moscow it has practically stabilized. At the local level, the determining factor of road traffic pollution is the change in the building density and the transport-planning structure. The collection and calculation of indicators that give an idea of the spatial differentiation of emissions from road transport is a very time-consuming stage of the study. The most common method of obtaining information on the transport and environmental situation in the city is directly field data collection. However, this method is quite time consuming for research. In conditions when the transport infrastructure is developing rapidly, the speed of field observations does not allow promptly updating information on changes in the traffic load of the road network and, as a result, assessing the current ecological situation in the territory. As an alternative to the traditional collection of information, modern sources of geoinformation data can be used. The services, originally developed to provide operational monitoring of the traffic situation and the construction of optimal routes, can also serve as a source of data for models for assessing the intensity of traffic load in environmental studies. The proposed technique has been tested at the level of districts and administrative districts of Moscow. The results obtained are compared with control field observations. The relatively low measurement error when using data from information systems is compensated by the possibility of more efficiently obtaining information about the traffic load on the sections of the road network.

scholarly journals THE PENETRATION OF ENGINEERING BY ECONOMICS: McFADDEN AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROAD DEMAND ESTIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Ariane Dupont-Kieffer ◽  
Sylvie Rivot ◽  
Jean-Loup Madre
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Demand Estimation ◽  
Demand Modeling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The 1960S

The golden age of road demand modeling began in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in the face of major road construction needs. These macro models, as well as the econometrics and the data to be processed, were provided mainly by engineers. A division of tasks can be observed between the engineers in charge of estimating the flows within the network and the transport economists in charge of managing these flows once they are on the road network. Yet the inability to explain their decision-making processes and individual drives gave some room to economists to introduce economic analysis, so as to better understand individual or collective decisions between transport alternatives. Economists, in particular Daniel McFadden, began to offer methods to improve the measure of utility linked to transport and to inform the engineering approach. This paper explores the challenges to the boundaries between economics and engineering in road demand analysis.

LIGHT REGULATION SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS TO FORECAST THE TRANSPORT FLOWS IN ALMATY

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Assel Aliyadynovna Sailau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Telematics

The number of vehicles on the roads of Almaty, Kazakhstan is growing from year to year. This brings about an increasing intensity and density of traffic flows in the streets which leads to congestion, decreasing speed of the traffic flow, increasing environmental pollution caused by car emissions, and which can potentially lead to the road traffic accidents (RTA), including fatalities. While the number of injuries grows up mainly due to drivers’ non-compliance with the speed limit, the environmental pollution is caused by longer traffic jams. Therefore, to reduce the level of road traffic injuries and emissions into the environment it is necessary to ensure the uniform movement of traffic flows in cities. Currently, one of the effective ways to do it is the use of transport telematics systems, in particular, control systems for road signs, road boards and traffic lights. The paper presents an analysis of existing systems and methods of traffic light regulation. The  analyses of the systems and methods are based on the use of homogeneous data, that is the data on standard parameters of traffic flows. The need in collecting and analyzing additional semi-structured data on the factors that have a significant impact on the traffic flows parameters in cities is shown as well. The work is dedicated to solving the problem of analysis and forecast of traffic flows in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. GPS data on the location of individual vehicles is used as the initial data for solving this problem. By projecting the obtained information onto the graph of the city's transport network, as well as using additional filtering, it is possible to obtain an estimate of individual parameters of traffic flows. These parameters are used for short-term forecast of the changes in the city's transport network.

scholarly journals MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA'S ROAD SECTOR: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Наталья Борисова ◽  
Natal'ya Borisova ◽  
Елена Егорова ◽  
Elena Egorova ◽  
Александр Борисов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Advanced Development

The article considers the most important component of the transport infrastructure - the road infrastructure, which at the same time is one of the most important spheres of economic activity. The socio-economic development of the Russian Federation has been studied, requiring advanced development and modernization of the road network as part of the transport infrastructure of the country and world space, as well as improving the technical level of road construction.

scholarly journals A3T-GCN: Attention Temporal Graph Convolutional Network for Traffic Forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Jiandong Bai ◽  
Jiawei Zhu ◽  
Yujiao Song ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Zhixiang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Forecasting ◽  
Temporal Graph

Accurate real-time traffic forecasting is a core technological problem against the implementation of the intelligent transportation system. However, it remains challenging considering the complex spatial and temporal dependencies among traffic flows. In the spatial dimension, due to the connectivity of the road network, the traffic flows between linked roads are closely related. In the temporal dimension, although there exists a tendency among adjacent time points, the importance of distant time points is not necessarily less than that of recent ones, since traffic flows are also affected by external factors. In this study, an attention temporal graph convolutional network (A3T-GCN) was proposed to simultaneously capture global temporal dynamics and spatial correlations in traffic flows. The A3T-GCN model learns the short-term trend by using the gated recurrent units and learns the spatial dependence based on the topology of the road network through the graph convolutional network. Moreover, the attention mechanism was introduced to adjust the importance of different time points and assemble global temporal information to improve prediction accuracy. Experimental results in real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed A3T-GCN. We observe the improvements in RMSE of 2.51–46.15% and 2.45–49.32% over baselines for the SZ-taxi and Los-loop, respectively. Meanwhile, the Accuracies are 0.95–89.91% and 0.26–10.37% higher than the baselines for the SZ-taxi and Los-loop, respectively.

scholarly journals THE REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH “TRANSPORT: TECHNOLOGIES, ECONOMY, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH”

Transport ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. la-ld
Author(s):  
Habil Algirdas Jurkauskas
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
Distance Transport

From the first sight the improvement of transport technologies seems to be simple replacement of old transport means/vehicles by new ones. However, even if the most advanced transport means are purchased, they may be used absolutely inefficiently. Therefore, besides transport means it is necessary to improve the entire technological process of transportation. For this purpose many kinds of research have to be carried out, such as: the identification of freight and passenger flows, their constant monitoring and forecasting, the optimisation of the road network and transport flows in it, the optimisation of freight origin and distribution places, etc. Abroad there are many publications concerning the optimisation of long distance transport network and transportation of goods weighing 20–40 tons. However, actually there is no research of such cases when the weight of freight is 50–1500 kg and the transport network is in a small scale region, let us say in a town, under the conditions of congestion of the road network and ecological restrictions. It was attempted to propose certain solutions in this field: 1) the methodology of statistical analysis of freight flows and forecasting was proposed; 2) the problem of information storage is usually encountered in using statistical information on freight flows, for this purpose relevant algorithms for the solution of this problem are proposed.

scholarly journals Connections between regional economic growth and motor transport infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-940
Author(s):  
Piotr Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
General State ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
The Road

The article presents, in the short description, a link between the economic development of the region and the condition of its road infrastructure. The region selected for comparisons and analysis of this compounds is Eastern Poland. First, the characteristics of the selected region were discussed. Next, the general state of transport development of the country was described, in aspect of road infrastructure. The last part of the article discusses the issues of the region's economic growth in relation to its infrastructure situation, in connection with the condition and development of the road network. The presented material was concluded with a summary, which emphasized the existence of the tested compounds.

scholarly journals Transport infrastructure of centres in the Czech borderland

Geografie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Miroslav Marada
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Economic Level

The article deals with the regional differentiation of Czechia at several levels: between inland and borderland, between the urbanized and the rural border regions and finally among nine individual border regions. The following characteristics are used for evaluation: mainly the aggregate and the relativized transport characteristics (quality and density of the railway and the road network; the rate of motorcars) and then the selected "causal" characteristics (population density, education index, economic level). Their interdependence is assessed with the help of correlation analysis. The inland - borderland differences are in the specific Czech conditions limited also from the viewpoint of the monitored transport characteristics - substantial differences are found within the Czech borderland, above all between the urbanized and the rural border regions. Another type of evaluation in this article is the research into the hierarchization of 170 centres from the point of view of their transport and complex significance. The transport hierarchy of centres is markedly more developed in the inland than in the borderland.

scholarly journals Economic Fundamentals for Selecting Directions for Modernization of Highway Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
I. M. Tsarenkova
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Road ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

The paper proposes a methodological approach to selection of rational directions for modernization of highway network while taking into account an increasing requirements of the national economy in a modern transport infrastructure being formed under conditions of the development of national transport and logistics system. The initial data required for variant development of design solutions contain information on existing transport and operational characteristics of the road network, intraand inter regional transport and economic relations, formed logistics supply chains, volume and structure of transportation and possible development stages for certain sections of highways. In this case initial data have a certain degree of uncertainty that requires to take design decisions with due consideration of the possibility to change information in a certain interval. The proposed options to use economic criteria make it possible to assess efficiency of logistics systems and their participants carry out operations pertaining to supply and handling of products and cargoes on specific sections of a road network and these measures are proceeding from common goals based not only on national or regional level, but also on the global level in the context of strategic planning. Study objectives play a significant role in selection of a calculation method, as well as its structure, a degree of its aggregation. Construction of an optimal scheme for modernization of a highway network presupposes to determine such totality of design solutions for construction, reconstruction and repair of motor roads with year-wise distribution for calculation period and certain network sections and such distribution of their freight flows when an amount of the reduced costs for transportation of the entire volume of products and modernization of motor roads would be minimal in accordance with transportation rates.

GIS-Analysis of Central Asian Transportation Systems’ Configuration

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 (8) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
P.M. Sapanov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
High Degree

The author describes the performed GIS-analysis of the Central Asian transportation systems. The road transportation infrastructure of the whole region and its individual countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) has been studied. The overview of the factors, influencing the formation of regional transportation systems, including historical, political and natural, has been done. The road network of Central Asian countries has been modeled using GIS network analysis toolset, with spatial data provided by OpenStreetMap. The so-called topological tiers of the network have been identified, showing the uneven provision of the studied area with road transport infrastructure. The proposed research method makes it possible to note a high degree of the road network integration between the countries. The areas with low transport accessibility, as well as autonomous parts of road network have been visualized. The research categorizes the countries’ transport networks configurations types formed under the influence of economic, social, agricultural, climatic and topographical factors.

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