scholarly journals Environmental Dynamics and Engineered Systems for the Degradation of Trichloroethylene: A Critical Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Tce Degradation

<div> <p>Trichloroethylene (TCE) is found in all mediums of environment in varying concentrations. Over the past 25 years, many engineered systems have been devised for its complete and sustainable degradation. This study reviews the environmental factors that influence the TCE pollution in environment and its biological mineralization via engineered systems. Although at some polluted sites natural attenuation of TCE has been found to occur but generally the natural process is very slow. The use of nanoparticles and composites provides a comparatively novel approach for the treatment of TCE contaminated waters. Biological engineered systems have been found to degrade TCE on much faster rates and higher concentrations. To identify the appropriate microorganisms in any engineered system that can effectively provide a low-cost treatment option for TCE degradation is the pressing need at the moment. Adding a second distinct organic phase to the aqueous medium for degrading fast and high concentration of TCE is recommended. The organic phase, which do not mix with the aqueous phase and can be easily separated, discharged, and reuse, should be selected based on its insolubility, volatility, non-biodegradability by the selected microorganism and the cost of the overall engineered system. Biodegradation offers the potential of cost effective treatment of TCE, however, that engineered systems should effectively use the biodegradative metabolism that nature has evolved.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for HCV infection in serum or plasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Chevaliez ◽  
Françoise Roudot-Thoraval ◽  
Christophe Hézode ◽  
Jean-Michel Pawlotsky ◽  
Richard Njouom
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Treatment

Aim: HCV diagnosis will become the bottleneck in eliminating hepatitis C. Simple, accurate and cost-effective testing strategies are urgently needed to improve hepatitis C screening and diagnosis. Materials & methods: Performance of seven rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) have been assessed in a large series (n = 498) of serum or plasma specimens collected in France and in Cameroon. Results: Specificity varied from 96.1 to 100%. The clinical sensitivity, compared with immunoassays as the reference, was high for all seven RDT (97.2–100%). The Multisure HCV antibody assay and OraQuick HCV rapid antibody test reached sensitivity ≥99%. Conclusion: A number of RDT may be suitable for WHO prequalification and may be implemented in the framework of large-scale low-cost treatment programs to achieve the WHO viral hepatitis objectives by 2030.

Porous Solid Carbon Dioxide Adsorbent Using Cost Effective Materials: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriz Yasmin ◽  
Mohd Noor Mazlee ◽  
W.H. Chan ◽  
J.B. Shamsul ◽  
Azmi Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Porous Solid ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Solid Adsorbent ◽  
Manageable Level ◽  
Greenhouse Effects

Greenhouse effects were generated from anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. High concentration of CO2 has recognised as major causes of global warming. In order to keep CO2 at a manageable level, adsorptions of these gases from the flue gases is necessary. Developing a low cost porous solid adsorbent as adsorption media become a great attention due to environmental and economic concerns. This paper has reviewed the cost effective materials with a suitable methods to fabricate the porous solid adsorbent. This paper also has discussed the adsorption mechanisms of CO2 on the selective cost effective materials.

A contribution to solve the arsenic problem in groundwater of Ganges Delta by in-situ treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Rott ◽  
H. Kauffmann
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic in groundwater is a huge problem in numerous regions of the world. Many people are exposed to high arsenic concentrations and consequently risk getting ill or even die as a result of arsenic poisoning. There are several efficient technologies for the removal of arsenic but often these methods have disadvantages, e.g. high costs for installation and/or operation, the need for chemicals or the production of arsenic contaminated filter sludge. These disadvantages can make the application difficult, especially in poor regions. Under suitable ancillary conditions the subterranean (in-situ) treatment, which is often used for iron and manganese removal from groundwater, can also be applied for the removal of arsenic and can be a cost-effective treatment technology. A field trial was carried out with a low-cost in-situ treatment plant in West Bengal/India which is described in this paper, in order to investigate whether this treatment technology is also applicable under the boundary conditions there. As for the in-situ treatment technology besides oxygen no additives are required and no arsenic contaminated filter sludge is produced this technology could be a suitable method for arsenic removal especially in poor regions.

scholarly journals Pooled Surveillance Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in K-12 Schools and Universities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongfeng Bi ◽  
Rachelle Mendoza ◽  
Hui-Ting Cheng ◽  
Gil Pagapas ◽  
Elmer Gabutan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Pooled Testing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Faculty And Staff ◽  
Data Driven Decisions ◽  
K 12

AbstractThe negative impact of continued school closures during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic warrants the establishment of new cost-effective strategies for surveillance and screening to safely reopen and monitor for potential in-school transmission. Here, we present a novel approach to increase the availability of repetitive and routine Covid-19 testing that may ultimately reduce the overall viral burden in the community. We describe implementation of a testing program that included students, faculty and staff from K-12 schools and universities participating in the SalivaClear™ pooled surveillance method (Mirimus Clinical Labs, Brooklyn, NY). Over 400,000 saliva specimens were self-collected from students, faculty and staff from 93 K-12 schools and 18 universities and tested in pools of up to 24 samples over a 20-week period during this pandemic. Peaks of positive cases were seen in the days following the Halloween, Thanksgiving and New Year holidays. Pooled testing did not significantly alter the sensitivity of the molecular assay in terms of both qualitative (100% detection rate on both pooled and individual samples) and quantitative (comparable cycle threshold (CT) values between pooled and individual samples) measures. Pooling samples substantially reduced the costs associated with PCR testing and allowed schools to rapidly assess transmission and adjust prevention protocols as necessary. By establishing low-cost, weekly testing of students and faculty, pooled saliva analysis enabled schools to determine whether transmission had occurred, make data-driven decisions, and adjust safety protocols. Pooled testing is a fundamental component to the reopening of schools, minimizing transmission among students and faculty.

scholarly journals Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Kumar ◽  
Asif ◽  
Poulose ◽  
Suguna ◽  
Al-Hazza
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Biomass Dosage

The present work discusses the adsorptive removal of a phenolic pollutant, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), using low cost untreated agricultural waste pine cone powder (PCP). The present biosorbent was thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The presence of amine (-NH2), hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups was detected by the FTIR analysis. The important biosorption factors like agitation time, biomass dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and the initial pH were examined by batch studies. The biosorption kinetic process was fast, reaching equilibrium in 75 min. The experimental kinetic data revealed an excellent agreement with the pseudo second order (PSO) model. On the other hand, the Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium data with the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of 243.90 mg/g. These values are better than the adsorption capacities of most agro-based untreated adsorbents previously reported in the literature. Owing to fast removal rates and high biosorption capacity, PCP can be used for cost-effective treatment of TCP from aqueous streams.

scholarly journals Modern Approaches to Greening the Urban Environment (on the Example of the Shevchenkovsky District, Kharkov)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Inventory Map

Purpose. Scientific and practical justification for the introduction of plantings of ornamental perennial cereals and roses of a landscape group in the urban system of the Shevchenkovsky district, Kharkov. Methods For inventory of lawn stands, ArcGIS software was used. The basis for creating an inventory map of lawn stands was two basic maps - “Basemap Imagery” and “OpenStreetMap. The calculation of the total area of the research objects was carried out by using the Attribute Table. Assessment of the design coverage and constitutional structure of the species composition of lawn stands was carried out by A. A. Laptev and E. V. Avdeev. Observation of the ecological state of urban rose gardens was carried out by route examination, the presence of pathologies was determined visually. To determine the optimization measures, the SWOT analysis method was used. Results. An inventory map of urban lawn stands was developed. According to the results of a visual assessment, the T. G. Shevchenko city garden is the standard of landscaping in many territories and has a high level of quality of lawn stands. "23 August" Square sections of lawn populations near the Botanical garden station metro, square on the Klochkovskaya street includes areas of lawn stands with an excellent, good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory level of quality. The surface of Sargin Yar is well planned, the sites have an excellent, good and satisfactory level of quality. Based on the results of lawn stands comprehensive assessment, maps of the quality levels of urban lawn stands for the main recreational zones of the Shevchenkovsky district have been developed. The use of decorative cereals in particular, the impregnation of cylindrical, Chinese Miscanthus, feather grass feather, cane falaris, lightning blue is proposed. Using the SWOT analysis method, the strengths and weaknesses of the lawn stands of the Shevchenkovsky district, the possibilities and risks of their creation are determined. According to the results of an integrated ecological assessment of the varieties of landscape roses "Cordula" and "Tornado", the feasibility of their use in urban gardening is shown. Keeping these varieties in container culture can positively affect the artistic expressiveness of the urban sulfur, will provide a "high concentration of beauty" and solve the problems of wintering. Conclusions. Taking into account the principle of relevance in order to minimize the cost of further supporting the urban landscape, it is possible to develop cost-effective projects for landscaping areas with an unsatisfactory level of quality of lawn cover using decorative cereals. The proposed types of cereal plants are resistant to environmental factors, unpretentious, require minimal maintenance, have a high aesthetic appeal and decorativeness, low cost of creation.

Adsorptive Removal of Chromium (VI) Ions Using Cryogel Derived from Oil Palm Fronds’ Lignin

2016 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shahirah Rusli ◽  
Norzita Ngadi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Supercritical Drying ◽  
Carbon Aerogels ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Palm Fronds

Nowadays, lignin is of special interest since it is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Given its extremely low cost and phenolic nature, lignin had become one of the leading candidates for preparing aerogels. However, production cost of carbon aerogels are considerably high due to extremely expensive supercritical drying method employed. Thus, carbon cryogels has been introduced by replacing the supercritical drying with freeze drying technique. In this study, lignin was extracted from dried and grinded oil palm fronds to be used as precursor for sol-gel polycondensation. Cryogel derived from oil palm fronds (OPF) was investigated as a suitable adsorbent for the removal of metal ions especially chromium (VI) through adsorption process. In addition, the adsorption amount was greatly increased when this cryogel was prepared with addition of ultrasonic effect instead of normal heating during the sol-gel polycondensation process. This new cryogel seems to be very promising for cost-effective treatment of heavy metals removal since the preparation is easy and being derived from a widely available and low-cost biomass feedstock.

scholarly journals Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using electrocoagulation: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philadelphia Vutivi Ngobeni ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Andile Thole
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract Poultry slaughterhouses are generally large consumers of fresh water, which is exhausted as wastewater characterized by a high concentration of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand COD, and fats, oil, and grease (FOG). Cost-effective methods are required for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater, with the aim of attaining a high quality effluent that can be reused in industrial processes to promote sustainability. As compared to conventional treatment methods, electrocoagulation is an efficient and low-cost system. Electrocoagulation is environmentally friendly, treating wastewater without the need of chemicals, thus limiting secondary pollution. The metal anodes initiate electrochemical reactions for coagulation and flocculation. Its distinct advantages include compact installation, and simple operation. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent literature that has been dedicated to utilizing electrocoagulation for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. This paper also examines aspects such as theory, potential applications, current applications, as well as economical assessment of the technique.

Micro-Peat as a Potential Low-Cost Adsorbent Material for COD and NH3-N Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zawawi Daud ◽  
Mohd Arif Rosli ◽  
Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff ◽  
Mohd Baharufin Ridzuan ◽  
Halizah Awang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Natural Adsorbent ◽  
N Removal

Micro-peat (M-P) was demonstrated in the present study as a potential low cost natural adsorbent for the removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from landfill leachate. A series of batch experiments were carried out under fixed conditions and the influence of mixture ratio was investigated. The characteristics of leachate were then determined. Results indicated that leachate is non-biodegradable with high concentration of COD (2739.06 mg/L), NH3-N (1765.34 mg/L) and BOD5/COD ratio (0.09). The optimum ratio for activated carbon (AC) and M-P in the removal of COD and NH3-N obtained were at 2.5:1.5 (87%) and 1.0:3.0 (65%) respectively. The low-cost natural adsorbent used in the present investigation is an attractive alternative to the conventional adsorbent (AC). Thus, M-P can be appropriated for use in leachate treatment that could be cost-effective due its local availability and adsorption property.

Development of a low-cost dynamic filter immersed in activated sludge system

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Chen ◽  
S.K. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Dynamic Filter ◽  
Better Than

Wasted non-woven material was employed to develop a dynamic filter immersed in bioreactor (DFIB) to treat low strength wastewater. A bench-scale DFIB was investigated to evaluate its feasibility. The maximum permeate flux of this innovative DFIB was more than 3 times greater than that of a conventional non-woven filter and even similar to that of a mesh filter, while the effluent quality of the developed DFIB in terms of turbidity, SS, and COD was better than that of a mesh filter, which were below 1.5 NTU, 3 and 35 mg/L, respectively. Such effluent quality with appropriate disinfection could meet the requirement for wastewater reuse for various urban usages. The acceptable MLSS level was identified not greater than 5 g/L in order to secure the effluent quality, when the maximum permeate flux of 1.5 m3/m2·day and daily backwash are applied. The large permeate flux rate and relatively high MLSS level of the DFIB can achieve cost-effective treatment of low strength wastewater.

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