Micro-Peat as a Potential Low-Cost Adsorbent Material for COD and NH3-N Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zawawi Daud ◽  
Mohd Arif Rosli ◽  
Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff ◽  
Mohd Baharufin Ridzuan ◽  
Halizah Awang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Natural Adsorbent ◽  
N Removal

Micro-peat (M-P) was demonstrated in the present study as a potential low cost natural adsorbent for the removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from landfill leachate. A series of batch experiments were carried out under fixed conditions and the influence of mixture ratio was investigated. The characteristics of leachate were then determined. Results indicated that leachate is non-biodegradable with high concentration of COD (2739.06 mg/L), NH3-N (1765.34 mg/L) and BOD5/COD ratio (0.09). The optimum ratio for activated carbon (AC) and M-P in the removal of COD and NH3-N obtained were at 2.5:1.5 (87%) and 1.0:3.0 (65%) respectively. The low-cost natural adsorbent used in the present investigation is an attractive alternative to the conventional adsorbent (AC). Thus, M-P can be appropriated for use in leachate treatment that could be cost-effective due its local availability and adsorption property.

Porous Solid Carbon Dioxide Adsorbent Using Cost Effective Materials: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriz Yasmin ◽  
Mohd Noor Mazlee ◽  
W.H. Chan ◽  
J.B. Shamsul ◽  
Azmi Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Porous Solid ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Solid Adsorbent ◽  
Manageable Level ◽  
Greenhouse Effects

Greenhouse effects were generated from anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. High concentration of CO2 has recognised as major causes of global warming. In order to keep CO2 at a manageable level, adsorptions of these gases from the flue gases is necessary. Developing a low cost porous solid adsorbent as adsorption media become a great attention due to environmental and economic concerns. This paper has reviewed the cost effective materials with a suitable methods to fabricate the porous solid adsorbent. This paper also has discussed the adsorption mechanisms of CO2 on the selective cost effective materials.

scholarly journals Aerobic Attached Growth Biofilter Using Tire Chips And Mixed Broken Glass As Media For Landfill Leachate Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Tire Chips ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Synthetic Leachate

Ontario regulations can necessitate expensive leachate treatment plants in large landfills. Lower-cost technologies may suit rural landfills due to lower waste toxicity and less proximity to residents. One low-cost technology is a trickling filter using tire chips or mixed broken glass (MBG) as filter media instead of non-renewable aggregate. Aerobic fixed-bed reactors using river-rock gravel, crushed rock, tire chips,and MBG as filter media were compared. COD treatment of stabilized leachate in Phase 1 was limited (max. 21%). Activated sludge was added in Phase 2, and MGB removed 30% COD, 88% BOD₅, 38% NH₃-N, 99% BOD₅, and 90-98% TSS from a stronger synthetic leachate. NH₃-N removal improved, while TS removal remained limited. All media types performed similarly, suggesting that tire chips and MBG could be used to treat low-to-medium-strength leachate in a trickling filter.

scholarly journals Modern Approaches to Greening the Urban Environment (on the Example of the Shevchenkovsky District, Kharkov)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Inventory Map

Purpose. Scientific and practical justification for the introduction of plantings of ornamental perennial cereals and roses of a landscape group in the urban system of the Shevchenkovsky district, Kharkov. Methods For inventory of lawn stands, ArcGIS software was used. The basis for creating an inventory map of lawn stands was two basic maps - “Basemap Imagery” and “OpenStreetMap. The calculation of the total area of the research objects was carried out by using the Attribute Table. Assessment of the design coverage and constitutional structure of the species composition of lawn stands was carried out by A. A. Laptev and E. V. Avdeev. Observation of the ecological state of urban rose gardens was carried out by route examination, the presence of pathologies was determined visually. To determine the optimization measures, the SWOT analysis method was used. Results. An inventory map of urban lawn stands was developed. According to the results of a visual assessment, the T. G. Shevchenko city garden is the standard of landscaping in many territories and has a high level of quality of lawn stands. "23 August" Square sections of lawn populations near the Botanical garden station metro, square on the Klochkovskaya street includes areas of lawn stands with an excellent, good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory level of quality. The surface of Sargin Yar is well planned, the sites have an excellent, good and satisfactory level of quality. Based on the results of lawn stands comprehensive assessment, maps of the quality levels of urban lawn stands for the main recreational zones of the Shevchenkovsky district have been developed. The use of decorative cereals in particular, the impregnation of cylindrical, Chinese Miscanthus, feather grass feather, cane falaris, lightning blue is proposed. Using the SWOT analysis method, the strengths and weaknesses of the lawn stands of the Shevchenkovsky district, the possibilities and risks of their creation are determined. According to the results of an integrated ecological assessment of the varieties of landscape roses "Cordula" and "Tornado", the feasibility of their use in urban gardening is shown. Keeping these varieties in container culture can positively affect the artistic expressiveness of the urban sulfur, will provide a "high concentration of beauty" and solve the problems of wintering. Conclusions. Taking into account the principle of relevance in order to minimize the cost of further supporting the urban landscape, it is possible to develop cost-effective projects for landscaping areas with an unsatisfactory level of quality of lawn cover using decorative cereals. The proposed types of cereal plants are resistant to environmental factors, unpretentious, require minimal maintenance, have a high aesthetic appeal and decorativeness, low cost of creation.

scholarly journals Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using electrocoagulation: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philadelphia Vutivi Ngobeni ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Andile Thole
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract Poultry slaughterhouses are generally large consumers of fresh water, which is exhausted as wastewater characterized by a high concentration of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand COD, and fats, oil, and grease (FOG). Cost-effective methods are required for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater, with the aim of attaining a high quality effluent that can be reused in industrial processes to promote sustainability. As compared to conventional treatment methods, electrocoagulation is an efficient and low-cost system. Electrocoagulation is environmentally friendly, treating wastewater without the need of chemicals, thus limiting secondary pollution. The metal anodes initiate electrochemical reactions for coagulation and flocculation. Its distinct advantages include compact installation, and simple operation. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent literature that has been dedicated to utilizing electrocoagulation for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. This paper also examines aspects such as theory, potential applications, current applications, as well as economical assessment of the technique.

scholarly journals Aerobic Attached Growth Biofilter Using Tire Chips And Mixed Broken Glass As Media For Landfill Leachate Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Tire Chips ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Synthetic Leachate

Ontario regulations can necessitate expensive leachate treatment plants in large landfills. Lower-cost technologies may suit rural landfills due to lower waste toxicity and less proximity to residents. One low-cost technology is a trickling filter using tire chips or mixed broken glass (MBG) as filter media instead of non-renewable aggregate. Aerobic fixed-bed reactors using river-rock gravel, crushed rock, tire chips,and MBG as filter media were compared. COD treatment of stabilized leachate in Phase 1 was limited (max. 21%). Activated sludge was added in Phase 2, and MGB removed 30% COD, 88% BOD₅, 38% NH₃-N, 99% BOD₅, and 90-98% TSS from a stronger synthetic leachate. NH₃-N removal improved, while TS removal remained limited. All media types performed similarly, suggesting that tire chips and MBG could be used to treat low-to-medium-strength leachate in a trickling filter.

scholarly journals Environmental Dynamics and Engineered Systems for the Degradation of Trichloroethylene: A Critical Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Tce Degradation

<div> <p>Trichloroethylene (TCE) is found in all mediums of environment in varying concentrations. Over the past 25 years, many engineered systems have been devised for its complete and sustainable degradation. This study reviews the environmental factors that influence the TCE pollution in environment and its biological mineralization via engineered systems. Although at some polluted sites natural attenuation of TCE has been found to occur but generally the natural process is very slow. The use of nanoparticles and composites provides a comparatively novel approach for the treatment of TCE contaminated waters. Biological engineered systems have been found to degrade TCE on much faster rates and higher concentrations. To identify the appropriate microorganisms in any engineered system that can effectively provide a low-cost treatment option for TCE degradation is the pressing need at the moment. Adding a second distinct organic phase to the aqueous medium for degrading fast and high concentration of TCE is recommended. The organic phase, which do not mix with the aqueous phase and can be easily separated, discharged, and reuse, should be selected based on its insolubility, volatility, non-biodegradability by the selected microorganism and the cost of the overall engineered system. Biodegradation offers the potential of cost effective treatment of TCE, however, that engineered systems should effectively use the biodegradative metabolism that nature has evolved.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Re-utilization of Chinese medicinal herbal residue: waste wormwood rod-derived porous carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for methyl orange removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhui Wang ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Yiting Wu ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Liu Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Endothermic Process

Abstract A cost-effective approach was applied to prepare porous carbon samples by the simple carbonization of wormwood rod followed by salt activator (NaCl) activation. The effect of preparation parameters on the characteristics of the wormwood rod based porous carbons (WWRs) were studied. The properties of these samples were investigated by SEM, BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The prepared WWRs were applied as new adsorbent materials to remove methyl orange (MO). The experimental results indicated that WWR-800 activated at 800 °C possesses the best adsorption performance. Several factors that affected the adsorption property of the system such as the solution pH, dosing of adsorbent, initial dye concentration and ionic strength were examined. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters and kinetic parameters of MO with WWR-800 were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of MO on WWR-800 was an endothermic process and non-spontaneity under standard conditions. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of MO on WWR-800 was 454.55 mg/g. After five adsorption/desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of MO on WWR-800 remained at 94%, which indicated that wormwood rod based porous carbon possessed good reusability.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Cost Effective Wastewater Treatment by Natural Adsorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-785
Author(s):  
Mahmudur Rahman Idris ◽  
Md. Arifuzzaman ◽  
Arnob Basak ◽  
Tonmoy Saha and Jarin Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Natural Adsorbent
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