A contribution to solve the arsenic problem in groundwater of Ganges Delta by in-situ treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Rott ◽  
H. Kauffmann
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic in groundwater is a huge problem in numerous regions of the world. Many people are exposed to high arsenic concentrations and consequently risk getting ill or even die as a result of arsenic poisoning. There are several efficient technologies for the removal of arsenic but often these methods have disadvantages, e.g. high costs for installation and/or operation, the need for chemicals or the production of arsenic contaminated filter sludge. These disadvantages can make the application difficult, especially in poor regions. Under suitable ancillary conditions the subterranean (in-situ) treatment, which is often used for iron and manganese removal from groundwater, can also be applied for the removal of arsenic and can be a cost-effective treatment technology. A field trial was carried out with a low-cost in-situ treatment plant in West Bengal/India which is described in this paper, in order to investigate whether this treatment technology is also applicable under the boundary conditions there. As for the in-situ treatment technology besides oxygen no additives are required and no arsenic contaminated filter sludge is produced this technology could be a suitable method for arsenic removal especially in poor regions.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Rapid Removal of Arsenic in an Electrocoagulation Reactor with Hybrid Fe/Al Electrodes: Process Optimization Using CCD and Kinetic Modeling

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Ullah Khan ◽  
Izharul Haq Farooqi ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Farrukh Basheer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Threats due to insufficient, inadequate and costlier methods of treating contaminants such as arsenic have emphasized the significance of optimizing and managing the processes adopted. This study was aimed at the complete elimination of arsenic from an aqueous medium with minimum energy consumption using the electrocoagulation process. Arsenic removal around 95% was rapidly attained for optimized conditions having a pH of 7, 0.46 A current intensity, 10 mg/L initial concentration and only 2 min of applied time duration using the energy of 3.1 watt-hour per gram of arsenic removed. Low values of applied current for longer durations resulted in the complete removal of arsenic with low energy consumption. Various hydroxide complexes including ferrous hydroxide and ferric hydroxide assisted in the removal of arsenic by adsorption along with co-precipitation. Surface models obtained were checked and found with a reasonably good fit having high values of coefficient of determination of 0.933 and 0.980 for removal efficiency and energy consumption, respectively. Adsorption was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Multivariate optimization proved it as a low-cost effective technology having an operational cost of 0.0974 Indian rupees (equivalent to USD 0.0013) per gram removal of arsenic. Overall, the process was well optimized using CCD based on response surface methodology.

Application of Epoxy Resin for Improvement of the Banana Stem-Acoustic Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Azril Riduan ◽  
Mohd Jumain Jalil ◽  
Intan Suhada Azmi ◽  
Afifudin Habulat ◽  
Danial Nuruddin Azlan Raofuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
To Come

Background: Greener epoxidation by using vegetable oil to create an eco-friendly epoxide is being studied because it is a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly commodity that is safer than non-renewable materials. The aim of this research is to come up with low-cost solutions for banana trunk acoustic panels with kinetic modelling of epoxy-based palm oil. Method: In this study, the epoxidation of palm oleic acid was carried out by in situ performic acid to produce epoxidized palm oleic acid. Results: Banana trunk acoustic panel was successfully innovated based on the performance when the epoxy was applied. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed by using the numerical integration of the 4th order Runge-Kutta method, and the results showed that there is a good agreement between the simulation and experimental data, which validates the kinetic model. Conclusion: Overall, the peracid mechanism was effective in producing a high yield of epoxy from palm oleic acid that is useful for the improvement of acoustic panels based on the banana trunk.

Subsurface iron and arsenic removal: low-cost technology for community-based water supply in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2702-2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Halem ◽  
S. G. J. Heijman ◽  
R. Johnston ◽  
I. M. Huq ◽  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Oxidation Zone ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Competing Anions ◽  
Tube Well

The principle of subsurface or in situ iron and arsenic removal is that aerated water is periodically injected into an anoxic aquifer through a tube well, displacing groundwater containing Fe(II). An oxidation zone is created around the tube well where Fe(II) is oxidised. The freshly formed iron hydroxide surfaces provide new sorption sites for soluble Fe(II) and arsenic. The system's efficiency is determined based on the ratio between abstracted volume with reduced iron/arsenic concentrations (V) and the injected volume (Vi). In the field study presented in this paper, the small-scale application of this technology was investigated in rural Bangladesh. It was found that at small injection volumes (<1 m3) iron removal was successful and became more effective with every successive cycle. For arsenic, however, the system did not prove to be very effective yet. Arsenic retardation was only limited and breakthrough of 10 μg/L (WHO guideline) was observed before V/Vi=1, which corresponds to arrival of groundwater at the well. Possible explanations for insufficient arsenic adsorption are the short contact times within the oxidation zone, and the presence of competing anions, like phosphate.

scholarly journals Development of a Cost-Effective Sensing Platform for Monitoring Phosphate in Natural Waters

Chemosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Donohoe ◽  
Gareth Lacour ◽  
Peter McCluskey ◽  
Dermot Diamond ◽  
Margaret McCaul
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Sensing Platform

A sensing platform for the in situ, real-time analysis of phosphate in natural waters has been realised using a combination of microfluidics, colorimetric reagent chemistries, low-cost LED-based optical detection and wireless communications. Prior to field deployment, the platform was tested over a period of 55 days in the laboratory during which a total of 2682 autonomous measurements were performed (854 each of sample, high standard and baseline, and 40 × 3 spiked solution measurements). The platform was subsequently field-deployed in a freshwater stream at Lough Rea, Co., Galway, Ireland, to track changes in phosphate over a five day period. During this deployment, 165 autonomous measurements (55 each of sample, high standard, and baseline) were performed and transmitted via general packet radio service (GPRS) to a web interface for remote access. Increases in phosphate levels at the sampling location coincident with rainfall events (min 1.45 µM to max 10.24 µM) were detected during the deployment. The response was found to be linear up to 50 µM PO43−, with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 µM. Laboratory and field data suggest that despite the complexity of reagent-based analysers, they are reasonably reliable in remote operation, and offer the best opportunity to provide enhanced in situ chemical sensing capabilities. Modifications that could further improve the reliability and scalability of these platforms while simultaneously reducing the unit cost are discussed.

A Green Alternative for Aryl Iodide Preparation from Aromatic Amines

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Zohreh Shahnavaz ◽  
Lia Zaharani ◽  
Mohd Rafie Johan ◽  
Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diazonium Salts ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Aryl Iodide ◽  
Aryl Iodides ◽  
The One

Background: In continuation of our previous work and the applications of saccharin, we encouraged to investigate the one-pot synthesis of the aryl iodides by the diazotization of the arene diazonium saccharin salts. Objective: Arene diazonium salts play an important role in organic synthesis as intermediate and a wide variety of aromatic compounds have been prepared using them. A serious drawback of arene diazonium salts is their instability in a dry state; therefore, they must be stored and handled carefully to avoid spontaneous explosion and other hazard events. Methods: The arene diazonium saccharin salts were prepared as active intermediates in situ through the reaction of various aryl amines with tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) in the presence of saccharin (Sac–H). Then, in situ obtained intermediates were used into the diazotization step without separation and purification in the current protocol. Results: A variety of aryl iodides were synthesized at a greener and low-cost method in the presence of TBN, Sac–H, glacial acetic acid, and TEAI. Conclusion: In summary, a telescopic reaction is developed for the synthesis of aryl iodides. The current methodology is safe, cost-effective, broad substrate scope, and metal-free. All used reagents are commercially available and inert to moisture and air. Also, the saccharine and tetraethylammonium cation could be partially recovered from the reaction residue, which reduces waste generation, energy consumption, raw material, and waste disposal costs.

Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil and Water

2015 ◽  
pp. 222-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Malkanthi Nanayakkara ◽  
Ayoma Witharana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Promising Treatment

Pollution from petroleum, plant and animal origin oils, which are released via oil production and shipping operations, refineries, accidental spills, effluents of different industries such as hotels, restaurants, food processing, etc. is ubiquitous in the environment. This necessitates the need for cost effective and efficient remediation technologies. Dealing with the problem chemically and physically is known to generate secondary pollutants and incurs high cost. Expediting natural attenuation via stimulating pollutant degradation activity of residential microbial community and/or introducing competent microflora in to polluted sites has been identified as the most successful and cost effective technology and is termed bioremediation. Phytoremediation, an emerging branch of bioremediation, has also been recognized as a promising treatment technology. Chapter examines the extent of work carried out in in situ and ex situ bioremediation strategies to mitigate oil pollution, the validity of such practices in terms of efficiency of the process and the future research directives.

Clay–starch combination for micropollutants removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1719-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Mohd Amin ◽  
S. G. J. Heijman ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

In this study, a new, more effective and cost-effective treatment alternative is investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTP-eff). The potential of combining clay with biodegradable polymeric flocculants is further highlighted. Flocculation is viewed as the best method to get the optimum outcome from clay. In addition, flocculation with cationic starch increases the biodegradability and cost of the treatment. Clay is naturally abundantly available and relatively inexpensive compared to conventional adsorbents. Experimental studies were carried out with existing naturally occurring pharmaceutical concentrations found and measured in WWTP-eff with atrazine spiking for comparison between the demineralised water and WWTP-eff matrix. Around 70% of the total measured pharmaceutical compounds were removable by the clay–starch combination. The effect of clay with and without starch addition was also highlighted.

Arsenic Removal via Cellulose-Based Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials from Drinking Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 563-568
Author(s):  
Catarina Martins ◽  
Rui F. Duarte ◽  
Maria C.F. Magalhães ◽  
Dmitry Evtuguin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Silica Network ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Cellulose/silica derived hybrids materials (CSH), functionalized with aluminium, calcium, and propylammonium ions, were tested for their possible use in the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions with controlled compositions to levels lower than 10 μg As/L. CSH were synthesized by sol-gel method using bleached pulp, as source of cellulose fiber, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as main silica precursor. The silica network, made in situ, contained various anchored cations such as propylammonium (CSH-PA), aluminium (CSH-Al) and, calcium (CSH-Ca). Thin films or mesoparticles of silica were deposited on cellulose fibers as shown by SEM and XRD. These hybrid materials were immersed in controlled ionic strength aqueous solutions with arsenic concentrations lower than 0.2 mg As/L. The best performance was shown by CSH-PA that was able to remove a maximum of 20 % of the total arsenic concentration.

scholarly journals Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Kumar ◽  
Asif ◽  
Poulose ◽  
Suguna ◽  
Al-Hazza
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Biomass Dosage

The present work discusses the adsorptive removal of a phenolic pollutant, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), using low cost untreated agricultural waste pine cone powder (PCP). The present biosorbent was thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The presence of amine (-NH2), hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups was detected by the FTIR analysis. The important biosorption factors like agitation time, biomass dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and the initial pH were examined by batch studies. The biosorption kinetic process was fast, reaching equilibrium in 75 min. The experimental kinetic data revealed an excellent agreement with the pseudo second order (PSO) model. On the other hand, the Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium data with the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of 243.90 mg/g. These values are better than the adsorption capacities of most agro-based untreated adsorbents previously reported in the literature. Owing to fast removal rates and high biosorption capacity, PCP can be used for cost-effective treatment of TCP from aqueous streams.

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