scholarly journals History of the study of avifauna of the Ukrainian part of the Dnister river basin within forest-steppe zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
S. S. Frankov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

Introduction. Most of the Dniester basin is located within Ukraine, but the study of flora and fauna of its individual territories is insufficient, particularly, in terms of ornitho­logy of the forest-steppe zone. Materials and discussions. Active study of the bird population of the region was started by Polish researchers in the first half of the 18th century. A significant contri­bution to the study of ornithocomplexes of the then Podolsk province was made by K. F. Kessler, who published a three-volume work on birds of the Kyiv educational district, which also included the above region. Noteworthy are the works by E. Eichwald, G. Belke, V. Taczanowski and A. Brauner. A detailed summary of the history of the fauna of Podillya and its current state, at the beginning of the 20th century, including birds, was prepared by V. P. Khranevych. Data on the then state of the avifauna of the Kherson province, which included part of this region, is provided in the works by I. K. Pachoskii. There are almost no publications on the bird population of the region in the period from the 1930s to the present. At present, the avifauna of the Ukrainian part of the Dniester forest-steppe zone has not been studied fully enough. Available publications and monographs concern either individual species and groups of birds, or the entire territory of Vinnytsia or Odessa regions. Among them are the publications by O. A. Matviichuk and the monograph “Cadastre of terrestrial tetrapods of Vinnytsia region”. However, most of these works relate to the Southern Bug basin. The avifauna of the Dniester basin is presented rather fragmentarily. The monograph by H. I Denysyk “Zoocenoses of anthropogenic landscapes of Podillya” deserves special attention. However, it concerns anthropogenic landscapes of the Podolsk region as a whole, and does not fully cover the features of the spatial distribution of fauna, including birds, in the Dniester basin within the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Conclusions. The analysis of the available literature has shown that, despite a nearly 300-year history of research, this region is currently one of the least surveyed in terms of bird population. The history of the study of birds in the above area can be divided into four periods of research with different intensity and nature of publications. Taking into account the data of the analysis, it can be stated that the available data are extremely poor to form an idea of the dynamics and current state of the avifauna of this region. Therefore, it is obvious that there is an urgent need for targeted comprehensive research that will address most of the above issues.

scholarly journals The role of the emotions of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Alexandra Shiller
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Emotions ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodology Of Science

This article is dedicated to examination of the role of guilt and shame, namely to prevalence one of these emotions in a particular culture as the leading mechanism of social control. The prevalence of guilt or shame as a cultural “dimension” has become one of the first criteria for the division of cultures into Western and Eastern, and was used by the researchers as a basic postulate for cross-cultural r. Over time, the perception of emotions as the criterion for the division of cultures has been revised. The article traces the history of research on emotions in general, namely the emotions of guilt and shame as social emotions, as well as describes guilt and shame as collective and individual experiences. Analysis is conducted on the role of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions, cross-cultural studies. The author outlines certain methodological problems and contradictions, and assesses the current state of scientific research dedicated to social emotions. The conclusion is made that the research on collective sense of guilt and shame is more advanced from the perspective of cross-cultural psychology and philosophy, as well as the overall methodology of science; it allows shifting from the study of the role of individual emotions in interpersonal (conditioned by collective ties), intergroup and intragroup communication towards the integrated study of emotions associated with interaction of the individual and society, i.e. social experiences.

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF LANDSCAPE RESEARCH OF SILVICULTURAL LANDSCAPE

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Denysyk H.I. ◽  
Kanskyi V.S. ◽  
Hryshko S.V. ◽  
Stefankov L.I.
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
North Western

Specific approaches, principles and methods of cognition of modern silvicultural landscapes are considered; it is stated that due to the fact that the difference between natural and anthropogenic silvicultural landscapes is only in their genesis, in the process of studying silvicultural landscapes, both classical and specific approaches, principles and methods can be used. Among the specific approaches, the historical-cartographic one with the inherent principles of historicism and methods of historical-genetic series of maps, historical-archaeological method is considered in more detail; system-adaptive with the principle of combination and methods of comparison of natural analogues and analysis of final results; landscape-biocoenotic and landscape-ecological with the methods of the leading factor, comparison of disturbed and control biogeocenoses and arealographic, as well as geoinformation approach in the knowledge of silvicultural landscapes. It is shown that all approaches, principles and methods of knowledge of forest anthropogenic landscapes should be applied depending on the available conditions and needs of practice. However, in the process of field research, landscape-biocoenotic and landscape-ecological approaches with their own principles and methods of cognition of forest anthropogenic landscapes were more often used. It is shown that in its implementation landscape scientists not only have the right, but also the obligation to use the rich experience of foresters. It is advisable to characterize the stand in the following order: dominant species by tiers (in tree, shrub and grass), quality, age, height of trees – in meters, trunk diameter – in cm, planting density. In abbreviated form, information about the forest tract is presented in the form of a kind of formula. These approaches, principles and methods were applied in the process of studying the forest anthropogenic landscapes of two regions of Ukraine – Podillia (Forest-Steppe Zone) and North-Western Pryazovia (Steppe Zone). The expediency and necessity of their application are substantiated in the process of dissertation research and confirmed by practice.Key words: Podillia, North-Western Pryazovia, research, silvicultural landscapes, approaches, principles, methods, significance, use. Розглянуто специфічні підходи, принципи і методи пізнання сучасних лісокультурних ланд-шафтів. Зазначено, що у зв’язку з тим, що між натуральними й антропогенними лісовими ландшафтами різниця лише у їх ґенезі, отже, у процесі дослідження лісокультурних ландшафтів можна застосовувати як класичні, так і специфічні підходи, принципи та методи. Серед специфічних під-ходів детальніше розглянуто історико-картографічний з притаманними йому принципами істо-ризму та методами історико-генетичних рядів карт, історико-археологічним методом; системно-адаптивний з принципом сумісництва та методами порівняння натуральних аналогів і аналізу кінцевих результатів; ландшафтно-біоценотичний та ландшафтно-екологічний з методами провідного чинника, порівняння порушених і контрольних біогеоценозів та ареалографічного, а також геоінформаційний підхід у пізнанні лісокультурних ландшафтів. Показано, що всі підходи, принципи і методи пізнання лісових антропогенних ландшафтів необхідно застосовувати залежно від наявних умов та потреб практики. Однак у процесі польових досліджень частіше використовували ландшафтно-біоценотичний і ландшафтно-екологічний підходи з належними їм принципами і методами пізнання лісових антропогенних ландшафтів. У цих підходах у разі картографування лісокультурних урочищ, крім характеристики рельєфу й властивостей ґрунтів, вагоме значення має аналіз деревостану. Показано, шо у його здійсненні ландшафтознавці не лише мають право, але й зобов’язані використовувати багатий досвід лісознавців. Характеристику деревостану доцільно проводити у такому порядку: домінуючі види за ярусами (в деревному, кущовому та трав’яному), бонітет, вік, висота дерев – у метрах, діаметр стовбура – у см, щільність насадження. У скороченому вигляді інформація про лісокультурне урочище представлена у вигляді своєрідної формули. Ці підходи, принципи і методи застосовано у процесі дослідження лісових антропогенних ландшафтів двох регіонів України – Поділля (Лісостепова зона) і Північно- Західного Приазов’я (Степова зона). Доцільність та необхідність їх застосування обґрунтовано у процесі дисертаційних досліджень та підтверджено практикою.Ключові слова: Поділля, Північно-Західне Приазов’я, дослідження, лісокультурні ландшафти, підходи, принципи, методи, значимість, використання.

scholarly journals “Sofiyivka”— a masterpiece landscape design of 18–19 centuries on 225th anniversary of its founding

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Ivan Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation

The material describes the history of the dendrological park "Sofiyivka", as well as its modern material and technical base for scientific research related to monitoring the condition and preservation of flora of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine; support and development of botanical collections, as well as biotechnology, genetics, breeding and reproductive biology of plants; Landscaping and landscaping not only ensures the preservation of the historic core and the development of the park, but also promotes the creation of already mentioned and other new varieties.

scholarly journals Why the term "professional language" can confuse the reader?

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Lesław Cirko
Keyword(s):  
Professional Communication ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
General Linguistics

The article warns readers interested in the specialised communication against an uncritical adoption of the term professional language, which is often used in the extensive literature on the subject without care for terminological precision. The lack of awareness of the meaning of the term professional language leads to negative consequences in linguistic argumentation, such as the neglect of the current state of research in general linguistics, the contamination of the scientific term by its naive understanding in everyday communication between laypersons, or the identification of language and its use, which is a serious methodological deficiency. The reader of the specialised literature might therefore, without sufficient linguistic knowledge, mistakenly take the contents presented in the reading as self-evident and corresponding to the current state of knowledge. In the first part of the article, the aforementioned sources of interpretative dangers in reading are pointed out, using the history of research as an example. Subsequently, the reader is offered some constant points of reference fur further interpretation, which allow to recognise a stylistic-functional variety of ethnic language in the concept of professional language, including phenomena that go beyond the reduction of professional language to mere terminology. The author also pointed out the forms of acquisition and existence of the so-called professional languages, as well as the distributional features that distinguish them from other functional-stylistic varieties of the ethnic language. In conclusion, their peculiarity was highlighted, arising from the need for precise naming of phenomena and processes in the field of human activity, which is concluded by the specificity of the field; from the fact that people in the said field communicate at the expert level, and the related need for such a selection of linguistic means from the ethnic language in which communication takes place that its users communicate efficiently in the field of professional communication. The knowledge of these conditions will enable the reader to approach the relationship between language and the so-called professional language with greater understanding.

scholarly journals Quantifying the dynamics of nearly 100 years of dominance hierarchy research

2022 ◽  
Vol 377 (1845) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
General View ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Community Boundaries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
High Level ◽  
Insight Into

Dominance hierarchies have been studied for almost 100 years. The science of science approach used here provides high-level insight into how the dynamics of dominance hierarchy research have shifted over this long timescale. To summarize these patterns, I extracted publication metadata using a Google Scholar search for the phrase ‘dominance hierarchy’, resulting in over 26 000 publications. I used text mining approaches to assess patterns in three areas: (1) general patterns in publication frequency and rate, (2) dynamics of term usage and (3) term co-occurrence in publications across the history of the field. While the overall number of publications per decade continues to rise, the percent growth rate has fallen in recent years, demonstrating that although there is sustained interest in dominance hierarchies, the field is no longer experiencing the explosive growth it showed in earlier decades. Results from title term co-occurrence networks and community structure show that the different subfields of dominance hierarchy research were most strongly separated early in the field’s history while modern research shows more evidence for cohesion and a lack of distinct term community boundaries. These methods provide a general view of the history of research on dominance hierarchies and can be applied to other fields or search terms to gain broad synthetic insight into patterns of interest, especially in fields with large bodies of literature. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies’.

The current state and prospects for the development of beef cattle breeding in the forest-steppe zone on the example of the Penza region

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Olga A. Stolyarova ◽  
Antonina V. Shatova ◽  
Yulia V. Reshetkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Current State

Spatial distribution of trees on light taiga plots before selective thinning

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Ochirragchaa Nadaldorj ◽  
Aleksandr A Altaev ◽  
Aleksandr A Voinkov ◽  
Enkhtuya Bazarradnaa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Disturbance Regime ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Tree Distributions ◽  
Spatial Tree

Since 2009 the School of Agroecology and Business, Institute of Plant and Agricultural Sciences of the Mongolian University of Life Sciences in Darkhan has established research plots in two research areas in the Selenge aimag. The establishment was conducted in close cooperation with development organisations (FAO, GIZ) and the University of Goettingen. The purpose of the research initiative is to combine capacity development and monitoring of forest structure in the mountain forest steppe zone and taiga zone. Here we report results on the horizontal spatial structure of forest stands. We analysed the spatial distribution of trees on birch and larch plots of the research area «Altansumber» before a selective thinning took place on some plots in 2009. The research area is situated in the mountain forest steppe zone. The forests belong to the light taiga. The selected stands approach a chronosequence. The results showed that the tree distributions were mainly irregular («clumped»).Random spatial tree distribution occurred especially in the medium-aged birch stand. We found no indication of regular tree distributions in any of the plots. We assume that the disturbance regime and successional processes are the driving factors leading to the specific tree distribution pattern on the plots. Due to different regeneration strategies and life span of the dominating species the birch stands and the larch stands seem to differ slightly concerning the chronological occurrence of clumped and random spatial tree distribution. We finally conclude that a better control of the disturbance regime would not only support an undisturbed forest succession to riper forest stands but also result in less forest stands with irregular spatial distribution. This may also have implications on forest productivity.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 91-99

scholarly journals Biodiversity and biogeography of the atmosphere

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1558) ◽  
pp. 3645-3653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Womack ◽  
Brendan J. M. Bohannan ◽  
Jessica L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Rich History

The variation of life has predominantly been studied on land and in water, but this focus is changing. There is a resurging interest in the distribution of life in the atmosphere and the processes that underlie patterns in this distribution. Here, we review our current state of knowledge about the biodiversity and biogeography of the atmosphere, with an emphasis on micro-organisms, the numerically dominant forms of aerial life. We present evidence to suggest that the atmosphere is a habitat for micro-organisms, and not purely a conduit for terrestrial and aquatic life. Building on a rich history of research in terrestrial and aquatic systems, we explore biodiversity patterns that are likely to play an important role in the emerging field of air biogeography. We discuss the possibility of a more unified understanding of the biosphere, one that links knowledge about biodiversity and biogeography in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN ARCHEOLOGY OF THE KUZNETSK TOM’ RIVER VALLEY: HISTORY OF RESEARCH, CURRENT CONDITION AND PROSPECTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
A. S. Sizyov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Research ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Qualitative Aspect ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Three Stages

The current paper features the research history of the Russian period archeological sites (fortified and unfortified settlements, cemeteries) on the territory of the Kuznetsk Tom’ River valley from the second quarter of XX century to the present day. Three stages of this process, which demonstrate the trend of increasing scale of Russian archeology in Western Siberia, were distinguished. The article analyzes the qualitative aspect of the research on the Russian period archeological sites. The analysis was performed on the basis of object dependency, studied by split-level methods of field archeology (reconnaissance and excavation) and type of publication (descriptive and analytical). A mapping of the Russian time archeological sites was conducted. It highlights some irregularities in their studies in the Kuznetsk Tom’ River Valley. The article points out some directions for further field research, among which: a search for new Russian settlements of XVII–XIX centuries at the estuaries of the tributaries of the Tom’ river near old stockade towns; excavation work at previously discovered old Russian villages and cemeteries and the assessment of their current state.

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