Potassium Citrate and Citric Acid Oral Solution

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Oral Solution

scholarly journals Successful Management of Refractory Type 1 Renal Tubular Acidosis with Amiloride

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Patrick Oguejiofor ◽  
Robert Chow ◽  
Kenneth Yim ◽  
Bernard G. Jaar
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

A 28-year-old female with history of hypothyroidism, Sjögren’s Syndrome, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) presented with complaints of severe generalized weakness, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory test showed hypokalemia at 1.6 mmol/l, nonanion metabolic acidosis with HCO3 of 11 mmol/l, random urine pH of 7.0, and urine anion gap of 8 mmol/l. CT scan of the abdomen revealed bilateral nephrocalcinosis. A diagnosis of type 1 RTA likely secondary to Sjögren’s Syndrome was made. She was started on citric acid potassium citrate with escalating dosages to a maximum dose of 60 mEq daily and potassium chloride over 5 years without significant improvement in serum K+ and HCO3 levels. She had multiple emergency room visits for persistent muscle pain, generalized weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias. Citric acid potassium citrate was then replaced with sodium bicarbonate at 15.5 mEq every 6 hours which was continued for 2 years without significant improvement in her symptoms and electrolytes. Amiloride 5 mg daily was added to her regimen as a potassium sparing treatment with dramatic improvement in her symptoms and electrolyte levels (as shown in the figures). Amiloride was increased to 10 mg daily and potassium supplementation was discontinued without affecting her electrolytes. Her sodium bicarbonate was weaned to 7.7 mEq daily.

Comparison of potassium citrate, citric acid and placebo on calcium phosphate stones recurrence: Preliminary results

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e439-e440
Author(s):  
S. Doizi ◽  
J. Poindexter ◽  
M. Pearle ◽  
K. Sakhaee ◽  
N. Maalouf
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Preliminary Results

Formation constants for magnesium and calcium citrate complexes

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
KN Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Formation Constants ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Calcium Citrate ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Citrate Complex

centration formation constants for magnesium and calcium citrate complexes have been redetermined from pH titrations of citric acid in the absence and presence of the divalent metal ions in aqueous solution at 2° Values for the constants, corrected for the presence of potassium citrate complex, are presented and critically compared with literature values. Values for the formation constants of strontium and barium citrate complexes are also reported.

Effects of Potassium Citrate/Citric Acid Intake in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Nephron ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Tanner ◽  
Kodi Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Judith A. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Polycystic Kidney Disease ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Acid Intake

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid bowel preparation in patients with baseline renal impairment or diabetes: subanalysis of a randomized, controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482110244
Author(s):  
Gautam N. Mankaney ◽  
Masakazu Ando ◽  
David N. Dahdal ◽  
Carol A. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Moderate Renal Impairment ◽  
Colon Cleansing ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Sodium Picosulfate

Background: Selecting a bowel preparation for patients with renal impairment or diabetes requires special consideration. We aimed to describe the effect of baseline renal impairment or diabetes on the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of low-volume sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid (SPMC) ready-to-drink oral solution bowel preparation. Methods: A post hoc secondary analysis was performed from a randomized, assessor-blinded study of SPMC oral solution bowel preparation in participants with mild or moderate baseline renal impairment or diabetes. Primary efficacy endpoint (‘responders’) was the proportion of participants with ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ ratings on a modified Aronchick Scale (AS). Secondary efficacy outcomes were the quality of ascending colon cleansing from the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), and selected results from the Mayo Clinic Bowel Prep Tolerability Questionnaire. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), adenoma detection, and laboratory evaluations. Results: Similar overall colon cleansing was demonstrated in the subgroups, with >85% of participants in any subgroup rated as responders by the AS, and >92% of participant responders by the BBPS. Most participants reported a tolerable bowel preparation, regardless of baseline renal impairment or diabetes history. Safety of SPMC oral solution was similar between all subgroups and the overall cohort. For the mild renal impairment, moderate renal impairment, and diabetes subgroups, respectively, commonly reported, drug-related AEs were nausea (2.6%, 5.3%, 1.4%) and headache (2.2%, 2.6%, 4.3%). Conclusions: Ready-to-drink SPMC oral solution demonstrated efficacious colon cleansing in patients with baseline mild/moderate renal impairment or diabetes, with a tolerable bowel preparation reported by most. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03017235

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Stability of a New Oral Clonidine Solution for Paediatric Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Verlhac ◽  
Damien Lannoy ◽  
Florence Bourdon ◽  
Marie Titecat ◽  
Emilie Frealle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Glass Bottles

AbstractBackgroundAs many drugs are unavailable for paediatric use, hospital pharmacies are often required to develop suitable formulations themselves. Clonidine is commonly used in paediatrics (in severe hypertension, in opiate withdrawal syndrome, in tics and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome or in anaesthetic premedication) but no appropriate formulation has been drawn up. The aims of this work were to develop an oral solution of clonidine dedicated to children and to assess its physicochemical and microbiological stability.MethodsFormulation of an oral solution of clonidine hydrochloride suitable for neonates and paediatrics was developed using the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), with as few excipients as possible and without any complex excipient vehicle. A stability study was made according to GERPAC-SFPC guidelines. At each point in time (D0, D1, D7, D15, D29, D60 and D90), visual aspect (limpidity), pH and osmolality were established. Clonidine concentration was quantified using a stability-indicating HPLC-UV-DAD method previously developed from a forced degradation study and validated according to SFSTP Pharma. Microbiological stability was also tested according to the European Pharmacopeia monograph with the best adapted method (by comparing membrane filtration and inclusion). Solutions were stored in amber glass bottles with an oral adapter for up to 3 months in two different conditions: 5 °C +/– 3 °C and at 25 °C +/– 2 °C with 60 % residual humidity (climatic chamber).ResultsThe formulated oral solution is composed of API at a concentration of 10 µg/mL and of potassium sorbate (0.3 %), citric acid, potassium citrate (pH 5 buffer) and sodium saccharine (0.025 %). Forced degradation highlighted six degradation products and the method was validated in the acceptance limits of ± 5 %. On D29, the mean percentages of the initial clonidine concentrations (+/–standard deviation) were 92.95+/–1.28 % in the solution stored at 25 °C +/– 2 °C and 97.44+/–1.21 % when stored at 5 °C +/– 3 °C. On D90, means were respectively 81.82+/–0.41 % and 93.66+/–0.71 %. The visual aspect did not change. Physical parameters remained stable during the study: pH varied from 4.94 to 5.09 and osmolality from 82 to 92 mOsm/kg in the two conditions tested here. Membrane filtration appeared to be the more sensitive method. Whatever the storage conditions,<1 micro-organism/mL was identified (only environmental) with no detectedE.coli.ConclusionsThis formulation is stable for at least 3 months at 5 °C +/– 3 °C in amber glass bottles and for one month when stored at room temperature. Microbiological stability was proven in accordance with the European Pharmacopeia.

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