scholarly journals Diversity of parasitic fauna of conventional rice ecosystem during kuruvai season at Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
C. Kathirvelu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Parasitic Fauna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

Arthropod natural enemies are often vital biological control agents of various insect pests of rice ecosystem which include a wide range of predators and parasitoids. Determining the natural enemies and biodiversity of rice fields is the first step to success in biological control and IIPM (Integrated production and pest management) programmes. In the present study, there were four methods of collection viz. sweep net, Malaise trap, UV light trap and yellow pan trap were used to gather parasitoids from ADT-36 rice variety during Kuruvai season (June - September) in 2012. The rice variety was cultivated following the conventional practices like application of inorganic manures, pesticides, micronutrients etc., The results of the diversity of parasitic fauna of conventional rice ecosystem revealed that a total of 889 parasitoids were collected through net sweep, 631 in Malaise trap, 534 in yellow pan trap and 308 in UV light trap during Kuruvai, 2012. Thirteen different agriculturally important parasitic families were collected and identified. Among the families collected, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Scelionidae and Chalcididae were found predominant.  Dryniidae was recorded only in yellow pan trap. Among the collection methods employed, Net sweep was found to be the best in collection of parasitoids than other methods in conventional rice ecosystems.

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Berbagai Lanskap Pertanian Di Sumatra Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yaherwandi Yaherwandi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Diversity ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failure of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid on some vegetables and rice ecosystem in West Sumatera. Hymenoptera parasitoids were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, and indices of diversity were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 1522 specimen consist of 22 families and 148 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid on agricultural ecosystem in west Sumatera. Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were dominant Hymenoptera parasitoid family in vegetables ecosystem. Contrast, Mymaridae, Diapriidae, and Eulophidae were dominance of Hymenoptera parasitoid famili in rice ecosystem. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid was influenced by the landscape structure. Species richness and diversity were higher in polyculture ecosystem than monoculture.

scholarly journals Range-Expansion in Processionary Moths and Biological Control

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetske de Boer ◽  
Jeffrey Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Thaumetopoea Processionea ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pine Trees

Global climate change is resulting in a wide range of biotic responses, including changes in diel activity and seasonal phenology patterns, range shifts polewards in each hemisphere and/or to higher elevations, and altered intensity and frequency of interactions between species in ecosystems. Oak (Thaumetopoea processionea) and pine (T. pityocampa) processionary moths (hereafter OPM and PPM, respectively) are thermophilic species that are native to central and southern Europe. The larvae of both species are gregarious and produce large silken ‘nests’ that they use to congregate when not feeding. During outbreaks, processionary caterpillars are capable of stripping foliage from their food plants (oak and pine trees), generating considerable economic damage. Moreover, the third to last instar caterpillars of both species produce copious hairs as a means of defence against natural enemies, including both vertebrate and invertebrate predators, and parasitoids. These hairs contain the toxin thaumetopoein that causes strong allergic reactions when it comes into contact with human skin or other membranes. In response to a warming climate, PPM is expanding its range northwards, while OPM outbreaks are increasing in frequency and intensity, particularly in northern Germany, the Netherlands, and southern U.K., where it was either absent or rare previously. Here, we discuss how warming and escape from co-evolved natural enemies has benefitted both species, and suggest possible strategies for biological control.

Incidence of Groundnut Leafminer (GLM), Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its Parasitic Fauna on Alternate Leguminous Hosts in Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Murugasridevi ◽  
S. Jeyarani ◽  
Mohan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Parasitic Fauna ◽  
Aproaerema Modicella ◽  
Coimbatore District ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies ◽  
Hymenopteran Parasitoids

Background: The groundnut leafminer (GLM), Aproaerema modicella is an important pest of several legume crops which causes 50 to 100 per cent yield loss in India. The exploration of indigenous natural enemies is crucial to the success of every biological control strategy. Besides, alternative host plants act as a source of both herbivorous pests and their natural enemies. In this view, occurrence of GLM and their parasitic fauna on groundnut, alternate leguminous hosts viz., redgram and babchi were recorded. Methods: Survey on damage potential of GLM and their parasitic fauna were recorded on groundnut at Sivagangai and Coimbatore districts of Tamil Nadu, India during 2016 to 2018. Survey was also conducted to find the damage potential of A. modicella on alternate leguminous hosts viz., redgram, babchi and their parasitic fauna at Coimbatore district. The damage potential of A. modicella, per cent parasitization and parasitoid emergence were assessed from A. modicella infested groundnut, redgram and babchi leaves. Result: Severe incidence of A. modicella was recorded as 98.10% (2016 to 2017) and 98.45% (2017 to 2018) at Sivagangai district. The parasitization of GLM was also found higher at Sivagangai recording 46.67% in both the years which was positively related with the pest population. 13 hymenopteran parasitoids belonging to eight families were recorded. Among them, Avga choaspes Nixon recorded high per cent parasitoid emergence (20.00%). Furthermore, GLM incidence on redgram and babchi indicated the highest damage potential of 38.20 and 34.50 per cent and parasitization of 33.33 and 20.00 per cent, respectively during 2017 to 2018.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

Natural parasitism of eggs of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in rice ecosystem at Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
T. Sharmitha ◽  
C. Gailce Leo Justin ◽  
S. Sheeba Joyce Roseleen ◽  
P. Yasodha
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Parasitism

Three species of parasitoids viz., Telenomus dignus Gahan, Trichogramma japonicum, Ishii and Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere were recorded from the egg masses of rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in a field study. The extent of parasitism was high during Rabi (43.33 – 93.33 %) and low during Kharif (0 - 40.00 %). Parasitism by T. dignus was maximum in October (50.00 %), T. japonicum, in November (23.08 %) and T. schoenobii in February (55.55 %). dignus and T. schoenobii in combination parasitized maximum number of egg masses (41.82 %). Multiple parasitism by the three species was high in December (8.33 %) and January (7.14%). Parasitic potential was maximum, when T. schoenobii alone parasitised the egg masses followed by T. dignus and T. schoenobii in combination. Host density in the field influenced the extent of parasitism.

Natural enemies of bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides in New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
H.M. Harman ◽  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
C.J. Winks ◽  
L.A. Smith ◽  
P.G. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Wide Range

Bridal creeper is a weed of natural and productive areas in the northern North Island of New Zealand A classical biocontrol programme was initiated in 20052007 with a survey of invertebrate fauna and pathogens associated with the weed in New Zealand Although bridal creeper was attacked by a wide range of generalist invertebrates their overall damage affected

Green Synthesis of ZnO/Dy/NiO Heterostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Shubha Jayachamarajapura Pranesh ◽  
Diwya Lanka
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visible Light Active ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Background: Textile industries discharge harmful synthetic dyes to nearby water sources. These colour effluents should be treated before discharge to reduce the toxicity caused by synthetic colours. Objective: To synthesize visible light active superstructures to reduce water pollution caused by textile industries. Methods: We have successfully synthesized ZnO/Dy/NiO hybrid nanocomposites using waste curd as fuel by a simple combustion method. The obtained material was able to reduce recombination and enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The as-synthesized material was characterized by XRD, absorption spectroscopy, FESEM, EDAX, etc. The obtained hybrid nanostructure was used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue under sunlight, UV light as well as in dark. Comparative experiments were carried out with a variation of catalytic load, pH, dye concentrations, etc. for a better understanding of the performance of the catalyst at various conditions. Results and Conclusion: The ternary compound shows wide range of absorption by expanding absorption band both in UV and visible regions. ZnO/Dy/NiO hybrid nanocomposites performed well and showed uniqueness in the activity uder visible light.

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