scholarly journals Phytostimulation and growth promotion activities of Trichoderma spp. on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172-1179
Author(s):  
M. Ayyandurai ◽  
R. Akila ◽  
K. Manonmani ◽  
M. Theradimani ◽  
S. Vellaikumar
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) suffers from many soil borne pathogens that deteriorate the quality of the seeds and are responsible for high yield loss. Practically Trichoderma sp. is used for seed treatment, it minimizes the seed and soil borne pathogens and supports plant growth promotion activities. In the present study, five different isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from groundnut (A. hypogaea ) rhizosphere soil. All the five isolates were confirmed by morphological methods and using molecular tools through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of Trichoderma sp. and DNA gets amplified in 650 bp to 700 bp. Trichoderma spp. were molecularly identified as T(SP)-20 (Trichoderma longibrachiatum), T(AR)-10 (T. asperellum), T(VT)-3 (T. hamatum), T(BI)-16 (T. longibrachiatum), T(TK)-23 (T. citrinoviride). Phytostimulation activities of all the six isolates viz., phosphate solubilization, Ammonia production, IAA production, and Siderophore production, were evaluated. Among the six isolates, T(SP)-20, T(AR)-10, and TNAU-TA showed higher phytostimulation activities. The growth promotion of Trichoderma spp. on groundnut was assessed through the roll towel method. The isolate T(SP)-20 (T. longibrachiatum) produced the highest germination percentage of 93.33 and vigor index of 2246.2. This work developed a new isolate of T. longibrachiatum (T(SP)-20) which is a native isolate having significant  phytostimulation and growth promotion activities and it could be exploited for other soil borne disease managing successfully.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma spp. from Rhizosphere Soil and Their Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium spp.

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Jaygendra Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Akash Tomar ◽  
. Vaishali ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species

Trichoderma species are well known for their biocontrol activity which colonize many soil and tuber-borne and foliage plant pathogens. In this study, 12 native isolates of Trichiderma spp were collected from various crop rhizosphere soil samples and characterized them phenotypically based on morphological and cultural features and genotypically based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-PCR amplification. The results obtained from phenotypic and genotypic observation revealed that isolates were belonged to five different species namely T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii and T. koningiopsis. All Trichoderma isolates produced ~600 bp amplicon and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates were grouped with respective species. Further, the antagonistic potential of all the isolates was evaluated against Fusarium spp. following in vitro dual culture method. The results showed that isolates of T. harzianum exhibited maximum growth inhibition activity. The highest rate of inhibition was recorded with T. harzianum isolate TBT6 (87.1%) followed by TBT7 (82.2%), while the least inhibition was observed in T. longibrachiatum isolate TBT10 (59.7%) after 7 days of incubation. The antagonistic T. harzianum isolate TBT6 can be used for development of Trichoderma based bio-formulation and served as bio-control agent against Fusaium spp. under field conditions.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Metabolites from the Marine Sponges Amphimedon sp. and Monanchora arbuscula against Aspergillus flavus Strains Isolated from Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Arevabini ◽  
Yasmin D. Crivelenti ◽  
Mariana H. de Abreu ◽  
Tamires A. Bitencourt ◽  
Mário F. C. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Marine Alkaloids ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi

Contamination of preharvest and stored peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) by aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus is an important economical and food safety problem in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The present investigation reports the antifungal activity of a halitoxins/amphitoxins enriched extract obtained from the sponge Amphimedon sp. (HAEEAsp), and of batzelladine L isolated from the sponge Monanchora arbuscula on Aspergillus flavus isolated from stored peanuts. A PCR system directed against the ITS region and aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes of A. flavus was applied for identification of aflatoxin producing strains. The HAEEAsp extract and batzelladine L showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range between 1.9 to 15.6 μg/mL and between 1.9 to 7.8 μg/mL, respectively. The minimal fungicide concentration (MFC) of HAEEAsp extract and batzelladine L was in the range between 3.9 to 31.3 μg/mL and 3.9 to 15.6 μg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that these marine alkaloids may be further explored for the development of potential lead compounds active against aflatoxigenic fungi.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Arachis Hypogaea L. Varieties, from the INIAP-Ecuador Germplasm Bank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Tacán ◽  
César Tapia ◽  
César Pérez ◽  
Eddie Zambrano ◽  
Alma Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is recognized as one of the most important legume crops globally for its use in human food; it is widely distributed and cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cryopreservation of five peanut varieties conserved in the INIAP Germplasm Bank, testing cryopreservation methods, evaluating the germination percentage of whole seeds and embryonic shoots. Subsequently, two quantitative variables, shoot length and root, were evaluated. The average germination percentage of varieties and treatments was higher when embryonic axes were isolated with 99.31% than 86.06% seeds. The best germination percentage of the five varieties for seeds and embryonic shoots was obtained by the Peruvian variety with 88.13% and 92.50%. The best treatments by variety for the germination of whole seeds and embryonic axes were obtained by the treatment (desiccation and NL) for whole seeds (GS2) with 95.42% and embryonic axes with 92.83%. Ageing and cryopreservation treatments positively affected germination and seedling vigor in whole seeds and embryonic axes. The two quantitative variables, shoot and root length showed variability between the five varieties; significant differences were observed between the four treatments evaluated for whole seeds and embryonic axes. The three treatments for whole seeds (GS1, GS2 GS3) and the non-cryopreserved control treatment (GSC), as well as the treatments for embryonic axes (GEA1, GEA2 GEA3) and the non-cryopreserved control treatment (GEAC), obtained good survival. They germinate whole seeds and embryonic axes with sprout development (aerial part) and root formation. With the most effective treatments for whole seeds (GS2) and embryonic axes (GEA2), the cryopreservation of the national peanut collection of the INIAP Germplasm Bank could be started.

scholarly journals Performance of Pod Orientation at Sowing on Germination and Its Related Attributes in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nivethadevi ◽  
E. Sobhana ◽  
C. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Germination Value

Background: A Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, India during summer, 2020 to evaluate performance of different orientations of double pod sowing in comparison with kernel sowing (practice) on germination variability, yield and its related parameters of peanut. Methods: The experiment set up with four treatments replicated four times with pods sowing orientations viz., i) Sowing with vertical posterior-upwards ii) Vertical posterior-downwards iii) horizontal sowing and iv) sowing with kernels. Result: Results showed a little variation in germination between sowing orientation of double pods compared to kernel sowing. Though, mean germination percentage, germination energy, germination value and emergence energy value were higher in kernel sowing, pod sowing with vertical-posterior downwards elevated germination percent up to 97.45% and also inflated germination attributes and yield.

scholarly journals Daya Hasil Galur-Galur Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Tahan Penyakit Bercak Daun di Kecamatan Ciranjang Kabupaten Cianjur Provinsi Jawa Barat

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yudiwanti Wahyu ◽  
Dede Rosyana Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
West Java ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

<p style="text-align: justify;">This research was aimed to evaluate the yield of 16 peanut leafspot resistant lines derived from cross between Gajah variety and GPNC-WS 4 line with four check varieties of peanut. The four check varieties of peanut consist of Gajah, Jerapah, Zebra Putih, and Sima. The experiment was carried out at Ciranjang District, Cianjur Regency, West Java, from February to May 2011. This research was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Result showed that GWS 39 D, GWS 110 D, GWS 18 A1, GWS 79 A, and GWS 110 A2 were identified as lines with high yield. GWS 74 D, GWS 39 B, GWS 79 A, GWS 73 D, GWS 18 A1, GWS 134 A1, and GWS 110 A1 were identified as lines with high resistant level to leafspot of peanut. Two of sixteen lines had high yield and high resistant level to leafspot, they were GWS 79 A and GWS 18 A1.</p><p>Key words : peanut, yield evaluation, leaf spot resistant</p>

scholarly journals Effects of accelerated ageing and cryopreservation on seeds and embryonic axes of Phaseolus vulgaris L and Arachis hypogaea L. Germination and seedlings vigor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Tacán ◽  
César Tapia ◽  
César Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Droplet Vitrification ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

The effects of artificial aging and cryopreservation methods on the germination of seeds and embryonic axes of Phaseolus vulgaris and Arachis hypogaea , were studied. Aging and cryopreservation treatments in bean seeds not affect the germination percentage, reaching values not significantly different from control. Germination percentage was higher when isolated embryonic axes were studied. Aging treatments gave rise to larger bean seedlings than the controls and cryopreservation treatments affected the size depending on the explant used. In groundnut seeds, aging treatments and cryopreservation positively affected germination and vigor of seedlings, but embryonic axes from not rehydrated aging seeds not germinate. Undried groundnut seeds not survive cryopreservation, while the dried ones showed a germination behavior superior to the control. Embryonic axes tolerate immersion in liquid nitrogen but when droplet-vitrification was used, formed callus instead of seedlings. Electrolyte leakage was always higher in embryonic axes than in seeds, both in beans and groundnut, and not to have a significant effect, under the conditions studied, on germination and vigor of seedlings. The present study evidences the possibility of cryopreserving, by simple procedures, germplasm of beans and groundnut, and to verify the aging tolerance of the seeds and embryonic axes of these important species.

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