scholarly journals Effect of super-optimal levels of fertilizers on soil enzymatic activities during growth stages of wheat crop on an Inceptisol

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Rakshit ◽  
A.K. Patra ◽  
T.J. Purakayastha ◽  
R.D. Singh ◽  
Shiva Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Wheat Growth

A field experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 to investigate the effect of optimal (100% NPK) to super-optimal doses (200% NPK) of mineral fertilizers on soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase (DHA), acid phosphatase (Ac-PA), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-PA), fluorescien diacetate hydrolysis (FDA), urease and nitrate reductase (NRA) at three physiological stages (CRI, anthesis and maturity) of wheat crop on an Inceptisol. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 28-37% when fertilizer application was at super-optimal dose (200% NPK), whereas, urease and NRA responded positively in the range of 43-44% and 213-231% respectively. Alk-PAwas 7.3-7.9% higher in treatments receiving 125% NPK as compared to control (100% NPK); whereas, Ac-PA declines in the plots receiving 175 and 200% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as compared to 150% NPK levels. Addition of 175% RDF increased the FDA to the tune of 46-53% as compared to 100% NPK. A significant (P≤0.05) positive interaction between fertilizer treatments and physiological stages of wheat growth was observed on soil enzyme activities (except urease and NRA) being highest at the anthesis stage of wheat. Correlation matrix analysis showed that DHA was correlated with the studied enzyme activities except Ac-PA and FDA; whereas, strong correlation was observed between urease and NRA (r=0.981, P=0.01). This study provides theoretical and practical base for avoiding super optimal application of fertilisers which hinders the enzyme activities and vis-a-vis sustainable nutrient enrichment under rhizosphere.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal dose and date of application of mineral manure on sesame (sesamum indicum L.) in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2992-3000
Author(s):  
Amos Miningou ◽  
Vanessa Golane ◽  
Appolinaire Sy Traore ◽  
Hyacinthe Kambire
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Split Plot

The decrease in soil fertility is the main cause of low crops yields in Burkina Faso. It is therefore necessary to make a supply of fertilizers to increase yields. This is the reason why during the 2015 rainy season from July to October, a study was conducted on sesame fertilization in Souri located in the Province du Mouhoun. The goal of our study is to fertilize plants with increasing doses of mineral fertilizers at different application dates on sesame. The objective is to determine the optimum dose and date of fertilizer application to increase the yields. For this purpose four NPK (14-23-14) fertilizer treatments have been experimented with following doses NPK0 (0kg.ha-1), NPK50 (50 kg.ha-1) NPK100 (100kg.ha-1) NPK150 (150 kg.ha-1) with three application dates (sowing, 15 DAS, 30 DAS) in Fisher’s completely randomized blocks with four replications in split-plot. The results showed that NPK doses had an effect on sesame throughout morphological development (height, number of ramifications, number of capsules) and yield performance. Yields have increased according to the doses applied in the following order: NPK0 (226 kg.ha-1) < NPK50 (348 kg.ha-1) <NPK100 (550 kg.ha-1) <NPK150 (593 kg.ha-1). Through economic calculations, the NPK100 dose with 550 kg.ha-1 yield can be chosen as the most cost-effective dose for producers. The application dates of NPK had various effects on sesame that emerged on the height and grain yield. The plants had the best performance on the date of application of the 15 DAS (475 kg.ha-1) followed by the application at planting time (450 kg.ha-1) and at the end the application on 30 DAS (375 kg.ha-1). Interaction between the doses and the dates of application of fertilizer is significant and should be considered in sesame. La baisse de la fertilité des sols est une cause des faibles rendements au Burkina Faso. Ainsi, il faudra faire de bons apports d’engrais pour augmenter les rendements. Dans ce cadre, une étude a été conduite de juillet à octobre 2015 à Souri dans la Province du Mouhoun. Il s’est agi d’apporter des doses croissantes de fumure minérale à différentes dates d’application sur le sésame. L’objectif est de déterminer la dose et la date d’application optimales de la fumure minérale. A cet effet quatre traitements de doses d’engrais NPK (14-23-14) : NPK0 (0 kg.ha-1), NPK50 (50 kg.ha-1), NPK100 (100kg.ha-1), NPK150 (150 kg.ha-1) ont été appliqués selon trois dates d’application (au semis, le 15ème JAS, le 30ème JAS) dans un dispositif expérimental en blocs de Fisher à 4 répétitions avec un arrangement en split-plot. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les doses NPK ont un effet positif sur le sésame à travers son développement morphologique (sa hauteur, ses ramifications, ses capsules) et son rendement. Les rendements obtenus ont permis de classer les doses selon cet ordre croissant : NPK0 (266 kg.ha-1) <NPK50 (348 kg.ha-1) <NPK100 (550 kg.ha-1) <NPK150 (593kg.ha-1). L’évaluation économique effectuée sur la base du ratio valeur sur coût (RVC) a permis de retenir la dose NPK100 comme étant la plus rentable pour les producteurs. Les dates d’applications NPK sur le sésame ont également des effets visibles sur la hauteur et le rendement en grain. Le meilleur rendement est obtenu avec l’application du NPK 15 JAS (475 kg.ha-1) suivi de l’application au semis (450 kg.ha-1) et enfin de celle effectuée au 30ème JAS (375 kg.ha-1). L’interaction doses et dates d’application d’engrais NPK doit être considérée chez le sésame.

scholarly journals Impacts of the transgenic CrylAc and CpTI insect-resistant cotton SGK321 on selected soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang YJ ◽  
M. Xie ◽  
Li CY ◽  
G. Wu ◽  
Peng DL
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Insect Resistant

Transgenic CrylAc and CpTI insect-resistant cotton SGK321 is widely adopted for many years in several regions of China, however the understanding of its potential effects on soil enzyme activities is not studied. The impacts of transgenic cotton SGK321 on dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase activities in rhizosphere soil were investigated in a two-year field study in Northern China. Rhizosphere soil enzyme activities between transgenic cotton SGK321 and its non-transgenic parental cotton Shiyuan 321 were found to differ at senescence. However compared to the plant growth stages and cotton cultivar, the impacts of the transgenic trait were minor or transient. The principal component analysis also showed no significant or minor difference in the activities of dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic cotton SGK321 and its counterpart. Our results indicated that the transgenic cotton SGK321 has no apparent impact on dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase activities in rhizosphere soil.

Soil biochemical changes at different wheat growth stages in response to conservation agriculture practices in a rice-wheat system of north-western India

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanushree Bera ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
H. S. Thind ◽  
H. S. Sidhu ◽  
M. L. Jat
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Intensive tillage, removal or burning of crop residues, limited organic manure use, declining irrigation water resources and scarcity of labour are the major causes of soil degradation and unsustainability of rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system (RWS) in South Asia.Resource conservation technologies (RCTs) such as zero tillage (ZT), dry direct seeded rice (DSR) and crop residues retained as mulch have shown promise to increase the productivity and profitability of RWS in South Asia. Effects of RCTs on soil biological parameters are unclear and contradictory. We evaluated the effects of conservation agriculture practices on changes in soil biochemical properties at different growth stages of wheat grown as the fifth crop in RWS. Twelve treatment combinations of tillage, crop establishment and crop residue management included four main plot treatments in rice: (1) conventional tillage (CT)-DSR,(2) ZT-DSR, (3) DTR, ZT machine transplanted rice and (4) PTR, conventional puddled transplanted rice. The three subplot treatments were: (i) CTW-R, CT wheat with both rice and wheat residues removed, (ii) ZTW-R, ZT wheat with residues of both the crops removed and (iii) ZTW+R, ZT wheat with rice residue retained as surface mulch in subsequent wheat. Irrespective of rice establishment methods, mean wheat grain yield under ZTW+R was 6% and 10% greater than CTW-R and ZTW-R respectively. Soil enzyme activities increased (5–18%) under ZTW+R compared with ZTW-R and CTW-R at different growth stages of wheat. The residual effect of rice establishment methods was significant on soil enzyme activities during wheat cropping, which were highest under ZT-DSR followed by CT-DSR, DTR and PTR. Soil organic carbon content in the 0–7.5 cm layer was significantly higher (7–9%) under the ZTW+R treatment compared with all the other treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate and phosphatase), and soil organic carbon content as the most sensitive indicators for assessing soil quality for RWS based on conservation agriculture. The PCA discriminated rice establishment systems with rice residue as surface mulch from rice establishment systems without rice residue and the maximum tillering stage from the other stages of wheat. The present study provided reliable biochemical indicators to monitor soil biological quality changes in response to conservation agriculture practices in RWS.

TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Du ◽  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Rong Ji ◽  
Jianguo Zhu ◽  
Jichun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wheat Growth

Growth indices, Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Enzyme Activity of wheat as Affected by Residual Effect of Phosphorus and Silicon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Jinger ◽  
Shiva Dhar ◽  
Anchal Dass ◽  
VK Sharma ◽  
Livleen Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Growth Indices

Abstract Silicon (Si) is known as a beneficial or quasi-essential element particularly for graminaceous crops, as Si increases dry matter accumulation and enhances resistance to lodging and drought. However, the combined application of phosphorus (P) and Si has a tremendous impact on the growth and yield of various crops. While the residual effect of Si and P application on growth, yield and soil biological activity in wheat were not ascertained. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the residual effect of Si and P on growth indices, yield, nutrient uptake, and soil enzyme activities of succeeding wheat crops. The four levels of Si (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg Si ha− 1) and P (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha− 1) were applied to the preceding aerobic rice crop and their effect was evaluated in succeeding wheat crop. The results demonstrated a significant effect of Si and P on wheat growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and soil enzyme activities. The residual effect of 120 kg Si and 90 kg P2O5 ha− 1 significantly improved the grain yield of the succeeding wheat crop by 24–45%. Further, the residual Si and P remarkably improved Si, N, P, and K concentration in wheat grain by 35, 13.2, 45, and 56 %, respectively, over control. Similarly, an increase in the microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 17.2, 33.5, 12.4, and 37.5%, respectively were observed in the residual application of 120 kg Si and 90 kg P2O5 ha− 1 over control. Therefore, the inclusion of Si and P could have great potential to improve soil enzyme activities and productivity of the wheat crop.

Influence of herbicides on the weediness and yield of barley under different technologies of tillage in the Smolensk region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Perepechai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Yields

in studies on the influence of herbicides on the weediness and yield of barley under different technologies of tillage in the Smolensk region, it was found that the Reliable barley variety formed high yields (more than 4 t / ha) during winter plowing with an optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and when using herbicides.

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