Influence of herbicides on the weediness and yield of barley under different technologies of tillage in the Smolensk region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Perepechai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Yields

in studies on the influence of herbicides on the weediness and yield of barley under different technologies of tillage in the Smolensk region, it was found that the Reliable barley variety formed high yields (more than 4 t / ha) during winter plowing with an optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and when using herbicides.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity of the new spring barley variety ‘Znatny’ in the non-blackearth part of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Lodging Resistance

An increase in spring barley acreage requires a detailed study of the interaction of agronomic and climatic factors, as well as the selection of a modern set of new varieties. The use of mineral fertilizers is one of the most important methods to improve the productivity of grain crops and maintain a deficit-free balance of mineral nutrients in arable soils. The current study of the effective use of various doses of mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the new spring barley variety ‘Znatny’ was carried out on dark-gray forest heavy loamy soil in 2018–2020 by the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, a branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM”. There has been established that the date of the phenological phases and the length of interphase periods did not depend on fertilizer rates, but had a close correlation with weather conditions (r = +0.68). The analysis of the obtained data has shown that an increase in the rates of applied fertilizers increases the aboveground biomass, which, in turn, negatively affects productivity of the barley variety ‘Znatny’ (r = -0.77). The analysis of the yield structure and rates of fertilizers NPK has shown that in the trial, the spring barley productivity was influenced by 1000-grain weight (r = +0.60). There was found a high inverse correlation between productivity and length of head (r = -0.85). When length of head ranged from 7.5 to 8.4 cm, grain weight per head remained practically at the same level in all variants (1.1–1.2). This indicated that at a rate of N90P90K90 and N120P120K120, the variety ‘Znatny’ formed a not very dense head. Protein percentage at these rates also greatly reduced. According to the obtained data, an increase in the doses of applied fertilizers (N90Р90К90–N120Р120К120) resulted in the intensified development of most leaf diseases and a decrease in lodging resistance. Thus, the optimal dose of application of azophoska fertilizer on dark-gray forest soil is the norm N45P45K45, since on this option there was obtained maximum productivity and net income. the increase in the recom[1]mended norms of mineral fertilizers, sharply reduces profitability of crop cultivation.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil tillage on the productivity of new promising soybean varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
K. H. Khatkov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Selection Of

The agrotechnical significance of leguminous crops, in particular soybeans, consists in its ability to provide a huge bulk of vegetable protein and less nitrogen depletion of soils than non-legume crops [2]. Despite the fact that nitrogen symbiotically fixed by soybean plants is alienated with the harvest and taken out of the field with organic residues of leguminous crops, more nitrogen remains in the soil after them than with residues of other crops. In this regard soybeans are good predecessors in various stages of crop rotation. The article discusses topical issues of increasing productivity of leguminous crops, in particular, soybeans, when using different doses of ammophos against the background of its placement in various ways of main tillage of drained leached chernozems. In 2018–2019 studies were carried out to establish the influence of the optimal dose of mineral nutrition and the best method of soil cultivation on the productivity and quality indicators of soybeans of the French selection of the Amphora, Mentor and Isidor varieties. According to the results of the research, different effectiveness of the considered variants of the experiment was established. Thus, higher rates of soybean yield were noted in the later-maturing Isidor variety within 2,03–2,30 t/ha for plowing, and 1,70–1,91 for soil disking. The most cost-effective dose of mineral nutrition for all studied soybean varieties was the dose of 50 kg/ha of Ammophos (N6H26) against the background of plowing, where the profit from the increase in yield relative to the control was in the range of 2900–3650 rubles/ha, and against the background of disking soil the dose of Ammophos was 100 kg/ha (N12H52), where the profit was in the range of 1300–2050 rubles/ha.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal dose and date of application of mineral manure on sesame (sesamum indicum L.) in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2992-3000
Author(s):  
Amos Miningou ◽  
Vanessa Golane ◽  
Appolinaire Sy Traore ◽  
Hyacinthe Kambire
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Split Plot

The decrease in soil fertility is the main cause of low crops yields in Burkina Faso. It is therefore necessary to make a supply of fertilizers to increase yields. This is the reason why during the 2015 rainy season from July to October, a study was conducted on sesame fertilization in Souri located in the Province du Mouhoun. The goal of our study is to fertilize plants with increasing doses of mineral fertilizers at different application dates on sesame. The objective is to determine the optimum dose and date of fertilizer application to increase the yields. For this purpose four NPK (14-23-14) fertilizer treatments have been experimented with following doses NPK0 (0kg.ha-1), NPK50 (50 kg.ha-1) NPK100 (100kg.ha-1) NPK150 (150 kg.ha-1) with three application dates (sowing, 15 DAS, 30 DAS) in Fisher’s completely randomized blocks with four replications in split-plot. The results showed that NPK doses had an effect on sesame throughout morphological development (height, number of ramifications, number of capsules) and yield performance. Yields have increased according to the doses applied in the following order: NPK0 (226 kg.ha-1) < NPK50 (348 kg.ha-1) <NPK100 (550 kg.ha-1) <NPK150 (593 kg.ha-1). Through economic calculations, the NPK100 dose with 550 kg.ha-1 yield can be chosen as the most cost-effective dose for producers. The application dates of NPK had various effects on sesame that emerged on the height and grain yield. The plants had the best performance on the date of application of the 15 DAS (475 kg.ha-1) followed by the application at planting time (450 kg.ha-1) and at the end the application on 30 DAS (375 kg.ha-1). Interaction between the doses and the dates of application of fertilizer is significant and should be considered in sesame. La baisse de la fertilité des sols est une cause des faibles rendements au Burkina Faso. Ainsi, il faudra faire de bons apports d’engrais pour augmenter les rendements. Dans ce cadre, une étude a été conduite de juillet à octobre 2015 à Souri dans la Province du Mouhoun. Il s’est agi d’apporter des doses croissantes de fumure minérale à différentes dates d’application sur le sésame. L’objectif est de déterminer la dose et la date d’application optimales de la fumure minérale. A cet effet quatre traitements de doses d’engrais NPK (14-23-14) : NPK0 (0 kg.ha-1), NPK50 (50 kg.ha-1), NPK100 (100kg.ha-1), NPK150 (150 kg.ha-1) ont été appliqués selon trois dates d’application (au semis, le 15ème JAS, le 30ème JAS) dans un dispositif expérimental en blocs de Fisher à 4 répétitions avec un arrangement en split-plot. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les doses NPK ont un effet positif sur le sésame à travers son développement morphologique (sa hauteur, ses ramifications, ses capsules) et son rendement. Les rendements obtenus ont permis de classer les doses selon cet ordre croissant : NPK0 (266 kg.ha-1) <NPK50 (348 kg.ha-1) <NPK100 (550 kg.ha-1) <NPK150 (593kg.ha-1). L’évaluation économique effectuée sur la base du ratio valeur sur coût (RVC) a permis de retenir la dose NPK100 comme étant la plus rentable pour les producteurs. Les dates d’applications NPK sur le sésame ont également des effets visibles sur la hauteur et le rendement en grain. Le meilleur rendement est obtenu avec l’application du NPK 15 JAS (475 kg.ha-1) suivi de l’application au semis (450 kg.ha-1) et enfin de celle effectuée au 30ème JAS (375 kg.ha-1). L’interaction doses et dates d’application d’engrais NPK doit être considérée chez le sésame.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring barley of the Novichok variety

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
F. A. Popov ◽  
L. M. Kozlova ◽  
E. N. Noskova ◽  
E. V. Svetlakova
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Barley Grains

The results of the research were obtained in 2019-2020 on sod-podzolic middle-loam soil in the conditions of EuroNorth-East of the Russian Federation. There were studied 18 variants of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers in the range from 30 to 150 kg of active ingredient per hectare. Under the conditions of 2019 growing season, nitrogen fertilizers influenced the value of yield of Novichok barley variety to a greater extent (Y = 0.67 - 0. 11x2 + 1.33x, R2 = 0.92), in 2020 - phosphorus fertilizers (Y = 1.48 - 0.02x2 + 0.48x, R2 = 0.99). On average, over 2 years of research, the yield in the control variant without the use of fertilizers was 0.87 t/ha. Yield increase of barley grains because of enlarged fertilizer doses ranged from 1.38 to 3.90 t/ha. The payback of 1 kg of active ingredient of fertilizers with increase of barley yield decreased due to enlarged doses: from 15.3 (N30P30K30) to 8.3 kg (N150P150K150). On average for two years of the research the increasing doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers had no significant effect on technological properties of spring barley seeds. The content of crude protein in grain grew with increase in fertilizer doses (r = 0.55). To obtain grain of the 2nd class of quality it is necessary to apply not less than 90 kg of active ingredient/hectare of ammonium nitrate. According to the content of crude cellulose, the 1st class of grain quality has been obtained, and this indicator did not depend on the application of fertilizers. High profitability of cultivation of the Novichok spring barley variety (from 54.2 to 59.1 %) has been recorded by application of mineral fertilizers in doses N60P60N120, N60P60K60 and N120P120K120.

scholarly journals Effect of super-optimal levels of fertilizers on soil enzymatic activities during growth stages of wheat crop on an Inceptisol

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Rakshit ◽  
A.K. Patra ◽  
T.J. Purakayastha ◽  
R.D. Singh ◽  
Shiva Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Wheat Growth

A field experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 to investigate the effect of optimal (100% NPK) to super-optimal doses (200% NPK) of mineral fertilizers on soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase (DHA), acid phosphatase (Ac-PA), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-PA), fluorescien diacetate hydrolysis (FDA), urease and nitrate reductase (NRA) at three physiological stages (CRI, anthesis and maturity) of wheat crop on an Inceptisol. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 28-37% when fertilizer application was at super-optimal dose (200% NPK), whereas, urease and NRA responded positively in the range of 43-44% and 213-231% respectively. Alk-PAwas 7.3-7.9% higher in treatments receiving 125% NPK as compared to control (100% NPK); whereas, Ac-PA declines in the plots receiving 175 and 200% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as compared to 150% NPK levels. Addition of 175% RDF increased the FDA to the tune of 46-53% as compared to 100% NPK. A significant (P≤0.05) positive interaction between fertilizer treatments and physiological stages of wheat growth was observed on soil enzyme activities (except urease and NRA) being highest at the anthesis stage of wheat. Correlation matrix analysis showed that DHA was correlated with the studied enzyme activities except Ac-PA and FDA; whereas, strong correlation was observed between urease and NRA (r=0.981, P=0.01). This study provides theoretical and practical base for avoiding super optimal application of fertilisers which hinders the enzyme activities and vis-a-vis sustainable nutrient enrichment under rhizosphere.

scholarly journals Formation blue lupine productivity under different options of fertilization and seed treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
A. V. Holodna
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Calculated Dose ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Different Doses

Purpose. To increase the yield of blue lupine due to the intensification of the generative development of plants and maximum preservation of fruit elements by the phase of full ripeness by introducing the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and foliar nutrition with a microfertilizer in chelated form at the optimum time, application of a bioinoculant and biofungicide. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the research object with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control over the development of productivity elements at the stages of organogenesis); weight (to establish the parameters of the crop structure elements and determine the grain yield); statistical (statistical processing of research results). Results. The results of studies on the effects of different doses of mineral fertilizers, bioinoculant and biofungicide as well as foliar nutrition with microfertilizer in chelated form at different stages of organogenesis on the generative development of blue lupine plants of cultivar Peremozhets and grain yield are presented. The optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and the duration of plant foliar nutrition were determined. Conclusions. Application of the calculated dose of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield of grain of blue lupine of cultivar Peremozhets at the dose of 3.5 t/ha of mineral fertilizers (N68Р48К66), sowing with seeds treated with BTU-r bioinoculant (1 l/t) and MikoHelp biofungicide (1.0 l/t), foliar nutrition with Tropicel microfertilizer (0.3 kg/ha) at the second phase of plant organogenesis contributed to the intensification of their generative development (the number of flowers – 38.0 pcs., beans – 13.3 pcs./plant, which was 1.8 times higher than in the absolute control) as well as an increase by 39.3 % of the crop yield with a control indicator of 2.01 t/ha.

scholarly journals Irrigation regime and mineral nutrition for growing carrots

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Bryl S.V.
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Hydrometeorological Conditions

The article discusses the modes of irrigation and mineral nutrition of carrots during growth in the Moscow region. Research objective – improvement of the planning process irrigation regimes carrots, saving water and energy resources, on the basis of improving the accuracy of the calculation methods for the measurement of water consumption given the variability in hydrometeorological conditions. According to the results of the research showed that for soddy soils of the forest zone in high-draught year is optimal irrigation regime 85-85-85 % of water holding capacity (HB) and wet year – 80-70-70 % of HB. The optimal dose of mineral fertilizers is N100P100K185. The author found that the yield of carrot is strongly influenced by low air temperature and moisture supply in the first phenological phase of development, phase in the rest of the carrot is the least demanding to hydrometeorological conditions. The experimental results showed that to implement water-saving regimes can only be based on comprehensive information about agrometeorlogical and hydrogeological conditions in specific landscapes, with obligatory consideration of the biological features of crops, variability of hydrometeorological conditions in space and time, and the nonlinear nature of the interaction of external and internal factors determining the water regime, evapotranspiration and yield of crops.

Photosynthetic activity and yield of winter barley plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Kagermazova A.C. ◽  
◽  
O.K. Tsagoeva O.K.
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Surface Formation ◽  
High Yields

When growing winter malting barley, nitrogen fertilizers, along with the correct choice of varieties, are the most important factor in obtaining high yields and high technological qualities of grain. Our studies have shown that the size and dynamics of leaf surface formation are influenced by the dose and combination of mineral fertilizers. It was determined that the average indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants of the studied varieties are characterized for the better when N30P30 is added to the soil against the background of N45P45K45 in the Mikhailo variety.

Broad beans are perspective leguminous forage crops

10.12737/2223 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Таланов ◽  
Ivan Talanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Cost

The articles offers the results of studies on the effect of sowing methods, seeding rates and backgrounds supply on yield and economic efficiency of broad bean cultivation for seeds. Increase seeding rate of 0.4 to 0.8 million units per hectare, regardless of sowing methods, increased the content of crude protein at 2.5-3.3 %. Similar changes occurred in the sugar content of the grain. In contrast, with increasing seeding rate, in wide-space sowing and calculated doses of fertilizers usage, resulted in a decrease of crude fiber, fat and ash. Adding the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers at planting in wide-space sowing with a rowing space of 45 cm and seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare provides about 10 thousand rubles per hectare, and the profitability level was 78 percent. Formation of high yields of green mass (41.0 tons per hectare) and grain ( 2.34 tons per hectare) of broad bean noted, when adding calculated doses of mineral fertilizers at wide-space sowing method with a seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare. I this way, we can see the high net income ( 9742.8 rubles per hectare), the level of profitability (78.0 %) and the cost of 1 ton of grain (5336.4 rubles per ton). The calculations of economic efficiency of fodder beans cultivation for grain showed that a high profitability obtained by making calculated doses of fertilizers, with a rowing method of sowing and seed rate of 0.7 million units per hectare was 59.4 %, while in wide-space sowing (45 and 60 cm) with a seeding rate of 0.6 million units per hectare was 78.0%.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Timing of Manure Application in Combination with Mineral Fertilizers and Planting Density on the Weediness of Potato Plantings

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Talgat Salikhov ◽  
Sagyntay Elubaev ◽  
Marat Tynykulov ◽  
Gulzhanat Kapbassova ◽  
Anar Makhmutova
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Impact

Potatoes are one of the most responsive crops for grooming techniques since in the period from seedlings before closing rows are easily suppressed by weeds that take away nutrients, water, light from it. The factor that causes high harm to potatoes is weed. By absorbing a large number of nutrients and moisture from the soil, weeds inhibit the growth and development of plants, reducing their potential productivity. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of the timing of the introduction of bedding manure in conjunction with mineral fertilizers and planting density on the weediness of potato plantings. Studies were provided to identify the impact of the timing of bedding manure together with mineral fertilizers and planting density for weed planting potatoes. Experiments were laid by the systematic method with a tiered arrangement of variants in the experiment with a 3-fold repetition. We used cattle manure on straw bedding for autumn-winter harvesting. The following types of fertilizers were used: ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, potassium chloride. Determination of the amount and biomass of weeds in potato plantings was carried out in the flowering phase and before harvesting. The application of manure was accompanied by an increase in the number and weight of weeds. Annual weeds predominated in potato plantings: Amaranthus retroflexus L., 1753 and Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson, 1877, Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium album L., 1753, Setaria P. Beauv, 1812 and Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv, 1812, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) BEAUV., 1812 and others, perennials included Cirsium arvense (L.) SCOP. 1772 and Sonchus arvensis L., 1753, (Elytrigia repens (L.) DESV. ex NEVSKI, 1933 and others. Planting density also has a definite effect on the development of weeds. When manure was applied in autumn under the plow, the number of weeds increased in comparison with other options, where only mineral fertilizers were applied. The application of manure over frozen plow and in winter over snow leads to a slight decrease (2.3-2.5 pcs/m2) of weeds. The greatest number of weeds is observed during the spring application of manure for plowing the fall plow. Nevertheless, studies aimed at clarifying the composition and structure of weediness, the number and weight of weeds in potato plantings are of great practical importance for local agricultural producers. These data should contribute to the development of an effective weed control system and high yields of potatoes in the region

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