Characteristics of the formation of the leaf surface in spring wheat varieties having a different ecogeographic origin in the forest steppe of the Orenburg cis-Ural region

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Samuilov ◽  
L. A. Mukhitov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction, productivity and adaptive potential of spring wheat varieties

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
V. A. Sapega
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Late Group

The assessment of productivity and the parameters of adaptability allowed to use and perspective mid-season and mid-late varieties of spring wheat in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Ural region carried out. The varieties were tested in 2014-2016 on the steam predecessor in three climatic zones: subtaiga (II zone), northern forest-steppe (III zone) and southern forest-steppe (IV zone). The greatest interaction a genotype-environment is noted when calculating correlation dependence between productivity of varieties in various years of their test in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone (from r=-0,07±0.28 to r=0,41±0,25). Assessment of productivity and parameters of adaptability of spring wheat varieties in 9 environments (3 years x 3 GSU) has shown that Aviada allowed to use characterized the greatest maximum and average productivity in group of mid-season varieties (respectively 5,86 and 3,78 t/hectare), and in the mid-late group – a perspective Quintus (respectively 6,98 and 4,58 t/hectare). The considerable variability of productivity is noted.  Its size was from 23,0 % (Ikar) to 29,9 % (Aviada) in group of mid-season varieties, and at the mid-late group – from 25,6 % (Riks) to 31,6 % (Quintus). Resistance to stress of varieties was low irrespective of group of their ripeness. Ikar (-2,32) had the greatest indicator of resistance to stress in group mid-season varieties, and in the mid-late group – Riks (-2,54). Aviada (4,24 t/hectare) was characterized the greatest average productivity in contrast conditions in mid-season group and in the mid-late group – Quintus (4,73 t/hectare). Three groups of varieties were allocated on responsiveness for change of conditions:  high responsiveness (mid-season – the Lutescens 70, Aviada; mid-late – the Melody, Quintus), plastic (mid-season – Chernyava 13, Skent 3, Omskaya 36, Tyumenskaya 25, Tyumenskaya 29; mid-late – Ingala, Yamalskaya) and poorly responsiveness (mid-season – Ikar, Sigma; mid-late – Riks, the Stepnaya Niva). The low gomeostasis is revealed at all varieties irrespective of group of ripeness. The variety Ikar (Hom=6,59) was the best on a gomeostasis in mid-season group, and at the mid-late group – Riks (Hom=5,48). In general all varieties were characterized by the low general adaptive ability (GAA). Its rather high values in group of mid-season varieties are revealed at Aviada (OAC=0,19), and at the  mid-late group – Quintus (OAC=0,50). Tyumenskaya 25 and Tyumenskaya 29 are recognized the best mid-season varieties in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Ural region on the basis of complex assessment of productivity and parameters of adaptability, and at the mid-late group – Melody and Ingala.

scholarly journals Influence of mineral fertilizers and seeding rates on the yield and quality of spring wheat grain

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The article presents the results of field research conducted in 2018-2019 on leached Chernozem of the Volga forest-steppe. The objects of research are varieties of spring wheat-Tulaykovskaya 10, Yoldyz and Tulaykovskaya 108. At different seeding rates of 5.0 and 5.5 million germinating seeds per ha, the effect of mineral fertilizers on 1 ha was studied. They were represented by a complete mineral fertilizer (azofoska) and fertilizing with a mineral nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering phase at doses of 30, 60 and 90 kg of AD/ha against this background. Analysis of the yield of spring wheat varieties indicates that the harvest of grain variety Yoldyz in variants with a seeding rate of 5.5 million germinating seeds per ha against the background of the application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of 60 kg of DA (2.52 t/ha) was superior to other varieties Tulaykovskaya 10 and Tulaykovskaya 108 (2.51 and 2.46 t/ha). The maximum increase in seed productivity when adding ammonium nitrate in the tillage phase of the crop was in Tulaykovskaya 10 variety (0.34 t/ha), the lowest in the Yoldyz variety (0.06 t/ha) compared to the variant with amofoska application in the pre-sowing cultivation. When increasing the doses of nitrogen fertilizers there was an increase in the water content of all the studied varieties by 1-3 PCs. While increasing the seeding rate from 5.0 to 5.5 million germinating seeds per 1 ha the number of grains in the ear changed on average for varieties by 1-2 PCs. Of all the studied varieties, the largest mass of 1,000 grains was in the Yoldyz variety (40.56 g) after azofoska application in the presowing cultivation + N60 during tillering at a seeding rate of 5.0 million germinating seeds per 1 ha, the smallest in the Tulaykovskaya 108 variety (37.87 g) after azofoska application at a dose of 0.15 t/ha at a seeding rate of 5.0 million   germinating seeds per 1 ha.

scholarly journals Pathogenic complexity of septoria spot disease of wheat in northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandukash Amantaevna Babkenova ◽  
Adylkhan Temirhanovich Babkenov ◽  
Elena Vasilyevna Pakholkova ◽  
Belgibay Kamalovich Kanafin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Causative Agents

Northern Kazakhstan is the main zone of spring wheat cultivation where, 85 % of the cultivated area is located. There is not a single variety resistant to Septoria spot among the varieties approved for use. The frequency of epiphytoties of wheat diseases in the northern part of Kazakhstan is four cases every ten years. During the years of epiphytotic development of brown rust and Septoria spot with the dominance of a particular disease, the yield of spring wheat is reduced by 25 % or more. Knowledge of the species composition of pathogens of Septoria spot allows a more focused approach to the study and creation of varieties of wheat resistant to this disease. The aim of the research is to study the species of Septoria spot pathogens in wheat in Northern Kazakhstan. In 2018–2019, the pathogenic complex of the causative agents of wheat Septoria spot was studied. The collection of leaves affected by Septoria spot was carried out on spring wheat varieties in the steppe, forest-steppe zones of Northern Kazakhstan. The species composition of Septoria pathogens was determined from microscopic preparations from the collected samples; which were represented by three types of septorial fungi: Septoria tritici, Stagonospora nodorum, Stagonospora avenae. In the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Northern Kazakhstan, the dominant species was S. tritici followed by S. nodorum.

SPRING WHEAT CLOGGING BY CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS INFLUENCE FOR PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS IN FOREST-STEPPE OF SAMARA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Шарапов ◽  
Ivan Sharapov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Field Bindweed

The obgect of research is the wheat grain yield improving by reducing the infestation of spring wheat. The research was carried out in 2013-2014 in the experimental fields of the Volga PRSISSP of P. N. Konstantinov in crops of spring wheat varieties Kinelskaya 59. Assessment of the abundance of field bindweed was carried out according to the method of Drude. Then the selected sheaves are dried and dealt into crop and weed components. In harmfulness field bindweed affects weather conditions of the growing season. Under the influence of field bindweed yield of spring wheat in arid 2013 decreased by 20% and more humid in 2014 by 44%. Dry weight stalks field bindweed in 2013 was 1.1 g, and in 2014 – 2.8 g, which determined its harmfulness higher in 2014. The loss of productivity of wheat grain under the influence of bindweed field in droughty 2013 happened, first of all, due to reduction of above-ground mass of wheat. This reduces the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus and the mass of heads. In more favorable to the development of culture and the weeds 2014, the biological yield of wheat decreased, primarily due to the decrease of productive tillering, the number of productive stems and grain weight per ear. Correlation between dry mass of field bindweed and the elements of productivity were authentic. The dispersive analysis showed reliability of the provided data.

dependence of productivity of wheat of different biological groups on parameters of the assimilatory device of plants in the forest-steppe of the Orenburg Cis-Urals

10.12737/2220 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Hybrid Forms

On the basis of summarizing the results of many years of experience about environmental study of varieties and breeding varieties of spring wheat, we revealed the peculiarities of influence of plants’ assimilation apparatus parameters on the productivity level of early ripening, middle- and late ripening varieties in the forest-steppe zone of Orenburg Urals. These varieties should be used to create hybrid forms of spring wheat with optimal parameters of photosynthetic surface. This will better in solution the selection issues on efficiency in the forest of the Southern Urals. As a result, during the study of the influence of the size of the surface to the grain photosynthetic productivity level of wheat varieties, we found that in this case with an increase in the parameters of the assimilation apparatus, there is an increase of yields up to a certain limit, then a further increase in the size of the photosynthetic surface leads to lower yields. This pattern is clearly related to the fact that the overgrowing foliage due to worsening conditions for leaf photosynthetic activity, the rate of photosynthesis decreases. The following studied varieties of spring wheat have optimal parameters of the photosynthetic index: Volgouralskaya, Varyag, Kinelskaya 59, Logachevka, Lyuba, Prokhorovka, Solveig, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya stepnaya and Enita. These varieties should be used to create hybrid forms of spring wheat with optimal parameters of the assimilation apparatus.

scholarly journals PROBABILITY OF HIGH-QUALITY GRAIN FORMATION WITH SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN IN THE STEPPES OF ORENBURG URAL REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Тимошенкова ◽  
Tatyana Timoshenkova ◽  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Wheat Form ◽  
Selection Of

Analysis of the technological qualities of spring wheat grain showed, that high-natural grain can be obtained from the varieties of Orenburg and Samara selection in 75.0% of the years, and the Saratov breeding - 62.5% of years. All studied varieties of spring durum wheat form high-natural grains of 87.5% years. Grain with high glassiness is characteristic to varieties of spring wheat of Samara breeding of 75.0% years and Orenburg and Saratov breeding - 87.5% years. High glassiness grain of spring durum wheat varities of Samara and Saratov breeding constitute 87.5% of the years, and the Orenburg selection of 100% of the years. Grain, which protein content is greater than 14% or more in Orenburg steppe, was formed only by varieties of soft wheat Orenburg breeding and Ukrainian durum wheat breeding in years of 12.5%. Grain, corresponding to 1 class by the content of gluten, in our experiments was obtained from following varieties: soft wheat of Orenburg and Samara selection in 75.0% of the years, and the Saratov - in 62.5% of the years; durum wheat of Orenburg and Samara selection in 25.0% of the years, and Ukrainian - 62.5% years. The investigation of soft wheat varieties form grain of I-III quality group and grade durum wheat - II-III quality group.

Root rot on spring wheat varieties in the ob region northern forest-steppe

2019 ◽  
Vol 326 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Toropova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Piskarev ◽  
V.Yu. Suchomlinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Northern Forest

scholarly journals Assessment of spring wheat varieties by the productivity elements in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
T. Lozinska ◽  
Yu. Fedoruk ◽  
S. Obrajyy
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

The article highlights the problems of forming the economically valuable features which affect the productivity of soft spring wheat varieties. The structural analysis data reveal that the number of spikelets in the investigated varieties of wheat ears ranged within 15.4 pcs. In the Triso variety to 20.1 pcs. in the Kharkivska 30, the rate for the variety standard was registered 16.0. The variability amplitude rate varied from 2.0 spikelets in Hordynya and Simkoda Myronivska varieties to 5.0 in the Kharkivska 30 and standart Elhiya Myronivska varieties. The variability range of spikelets number in an ear in the Hordynya, Simkoda Myronivska and Speranza varieties and the average one in all the other varieties was revealed. It was established that grains number in soft spring wheat varieties ranged from 41.1 grains in the Tria variety to 52.6 in the Hordynya variety, in the standard variety of Elehiya Myronivska the rate leveled 36.3. Thus, in all the studied varieties the number of grains in an ear exceeded the standard. The variability of grains number in an ear was significant in the Speranza variety, while in other varieties as well as in the standard sort of Elehiya Myronivska it was medium. It was shown that an ear grains weight in the varieties ranged from of 1.6 g in the Triso variety to 2.2 g in the Hordynya variety. This feature varied in the varieties by the variability range. The largest (1.1 g) it was in the the Hordynya and Speranza varieties, the smallest (0.5 g) – in the variety of Simkoda Myronivska. The variation factor proved significant variability of the trait in the Trizo and Speranza varieties and in the variety standard. All the other studied varieties were the average variability of grain weight in an ear. It was found that all but wheat varieties of soft spring wheat had high indices of 1000 seeds and this trait variation was insignificant indicated by the variation ratewhich was below 10 %. The correlation of crop yield and the basic economically valuable traits are analyzed; positive and negative correlations are established. It was noted that the crop yield of the studied soft spring wheat varieties correlates most closely with the number of grain in an ear (r = 0.77 ± 0.06) and the number of spikelets in an ear (r = 0.61 ± 0.07), and therefore it is necessary to pay attention to these data uppermost. Thus, the study of economically valuable traits of modern varieties of soft spring wheat reveals different variability nature and correlation degrees which enables to define the sources of economically valuable traits in the studied varieties and to further use them in research and selection programs as valuable parent material. Key words: spring wheat, varieties, productivity, ears number, grains number, grain weight, weight of 1000 seeds, correlation.

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