scholarly journals Effect of Different Colored Polythene Mulches and Net House on Insect Incidence and Yield of Brinjal in Rampur, Chitwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Prakash Bharatee ◽  
Ankit Soti ◽  
Rajendra Regmi ◽  
Arjun Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Ananta Raj Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Pest Incidence ◽  
Different Color ◽  
And Control

Field experiment was conducted in single factor randomized complete block designed to evaluate effect of different color polythene mulch and net house on insect pest incidence of brinjal in chitwan, nepal during october 2016 to may 2017. Five different treatment were selected with four replications, included net house with black polythene mulch, black polythene mulch only, reflective polythene mulch only and black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate 5%sg spray and control (no mulch+ no net + no pesticide spray)  . The result revealed that the net house totally restricts the brinjal shoot and fruit borer whereas black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate spray plot reduced brinjal shoot and fruit borer larvae upto 70.58%. Total marketable yield was found highest in the black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate spray plot (49.17 mt /ha) followed by black polythene mulch only (38.59 mt/ha) and lowest in control plot (28.53 mt/ha). Damaged fruit percentage by brinjal fruit and shoot borer was highest in the control (35.68%) followed by black polythene mulch (28.10%), reflective polythene mulch (19.02%) and lowest in net house with black polythene mulch (0%). The damaged weight inside the net house with black polythene mulch and black mulch with pesticide were significantly different whereas the damaged weight in other treatments similar which proved that there was no effect of mulch on brinjal shoot and fruit borer. The B:C ratio was the highest (3.34:1) in the black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate spray plot while the lowest in net with black polythene mulch (1.68:1). Although the B:C ratio was lower in the net with black polythene mulch due to the low yield in the winter season. Creation of suitable soil environment by black polythene mulch and being biologically originated, having minimum residual effect and short half-life of emamectin benzoate, black polythene mulch with emamectin benzoate can be used for the eco-friendly management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer.

scholarly journals Efficacy of different management practices against tomato fruit borer, helicoverpa armigera hubner

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
MM Kamal ◽  
S Das ◽  
MH Sabit ◽  
D Das
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Treated Plot

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different management practices to control tomato fruit borer (TFB) under field condition. The field experiment was carried out with eight treatments, namely Neem oil, Mahogany oil, Fish and Fermented Gur (brown sugar), Netting, Chlorpyriphos, Emamectin Benzoate and Cartap along with untreated control in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and each treatment was replicated thrice. The study was under taken during the period from 25 October, 2017 to 06 April 2018. Data were collected on number and weight of total fruits plot-1, number and weight of total healthy fruits plot-1, number and weight of total infested fruits plot-1, fruits infestation (%) in number and weight, infestation reduction over control for number and weight, number of holes, and larvae plot-1, total yield plot-1 and marketable yield plot-1. Among the different management practices, netting provided the highest infestation reduction over control. The percent fruit infestation reduction over control (number basis) was the highest in Netting treated plot resulting 61.87%, 73.27%, 84.68% and 92.70% at four different harvests, respectively. The percent fruit infestation reduction over control (weight basis) was the highest with the same treatment resulting 61.38%, 74.26%, 88.41% and 91.71% at four different harvests, respectively. The number of holes plot-1 was also the lowest in Netting treated plot resulting 5.00, 8.00, 15.33 and 8.67 at four different harvests, respectively. The number of larvae plot-1 was the lowest with the same treatment resulting 2.00, 2.33, 3.67 and 3.00 at four different harvests, respectively. The maximum marketable yield (33.95 t ha-1) was achieved in the Emamectin Benzoate treated plot with the highest (1.46) benefit cost ratio. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 339-353, June 2019

Effects of insecticides chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate and fipronil on Spodoptera litura might be mediated by OBPs and CSPs

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lin ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Y. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractSpodoptera litura is a widespread polyphagous insect pest that can develop resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides, making it difficult to control. Insecticide exposure has previously been linked with induction of specific olfactory-related proteins, including some chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and odorant-binding proteins (OPBs), which may disrupt detection of environmental factors and reduce fitness. However, functional evidence supporting insecticide and OBPs/CSPs mediation remains unknown. Here we fed male S. litura moths with sucrose water containing one of three insecticides, chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate or fipronil, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNAi to investigate OBPs and CSPs expression and their correlations with survival. Chlorpyrifos and emamectin benzoate increased expression of 78% of OBPs, plus 63 and 56% of CSP genes, respectively, indicating a major impact on these gene families. RNAi knockdown of SlituCSP18, followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos or fipronil, decreased survival rates of male moths significantly compared with controls. Survival rate also decreased significantly with the downregulation of SlituOBP9 followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos. Thus, although these three insecticides had different effects on OBP and CSP gene expression, we hypothesize that SlituOBPs and SlituCSPs might mediate their effects by increasing their expression levels to improve survival. Moreover, the differential response of S. litura male moths to the three insecticides indicated the potential specificity of chlorpyrifos affect SlituCSP18 and SlituOBP9 expression.

scholarly journals Bioindicator demonstrates high persistence of sulfentrazone in dry soil1

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Coradello Lourenço ◽  
Saul Jorge Pinto de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTIn sugarcane crop areas, the application of preemergence herbicides with long residual effect in the soil has been frequently necessary. The herbicide persistence in the soil must be high especially because of applications during the dry season of the year, after sugarcane harvest. This study aimed at estimating the sulfentrazone persistence and dissipation in dry soil using bioindicator. Five experiments were carried out, divided into two phases. In the first phase, three dose-response curves were adjusted to select the best bioindicator to be adopted in the second phase. Niger was adopted due to its lower sensibility to sulfentrazone. In the second phase, a new dose-response curve was carried out, with six doses of sulfentrazone, in order to standardize the bioindicator sensibility to sulfentrazone. At the end, another experiment with six periods of sulfentrazone persistence in dry clay soil was developed. Persistence periods were: 182, 154, 125, 98 and 30 days. The bioindicator was seeded at the application day in treated plots and control. In this experiment, the sulfentrazone dose applied was 800 g ha-1. Niger was considered a good species to estimate the sulfentrazone persistence in dry soil. The sulfentrazone phytotoxic activity was identified up to 182 days after application, and its average dissipation rate was 2.15 g ha-1 day-1, with half-life higher than 182 days.

scholarly journals Residual Toxicity of Newer Insecticide Molecules against Shoot and Fruit Borer of Okra

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Sagar Anand Pandey ◽  
Saswati Sahu ◽  
V. K. Koshta ◽  
Monika Devi ◽  
Pradeep Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Earias Vittella ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Fruit Borer

Seven new molecule insecticides viz., Deltamethrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Emamectin benzoate, Indoxacarb, Bifenthrin, Rynaxypr and Flubendiamide were bio-assayed against okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) to study the residual toxicity on Okra at College of Agriculture, Raipur during the Rabi applied season(2014-15 and 2015-16).. On the basis of average LT50 values, the order of toxicity was Emamectin Benzoate > Indoxacarb > Lambda-Cyhalothrin > Rynaxypr > Flubendiamide > Deltamethrin > Bifenthrin against okra shoot and fruit borer.

scholarly journals Efecto de Corythucha gossypii sobre las hojas de higuerilla: criterios para su muestreo y control con insecticidas

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Herney Varón ◽  
Márcio Dionizio Moreira ◽  
Jenny Paola Corredor
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Life Period ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
And Control

<p>El chinche de encaje, Corythucha gossypii (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), es un insecto plaga del algodón, pero ha sido reportado en más de veinticuatro hospederos, incluyendo higuerilla (Ricinus communis L). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si esta plaga disminuye el periodo de vida útil de las hojas, establecer la superficie de muestreo de la hoja que mejor representa las poblaciones de esta plaga y la eficacia de seis insecticidas para su control en higuerilla. La vida útil de las hojas fue negativamente influenciada por la presencia del insecto plaga; a mayor número inicial de insectos, menor fue el tiempo para la pérdida de hojas. La superficie del envés fue la que mejor representó la población de C. gossypii con un promedio ± Error Standard (ES) de 55,10 ± 4,76 de individuos y una correlación con la población total de 99,60%, R2 =0,99 y p &lt; 0,0001; comparado con 3,44 ± 0,57 individuos y una correlación de 66,32%; R2=0,44 y p &lt; 0,0001 para la superficie del haz. El orden de eficacia de control para 3 días después de la aplicación de los tratamientos fue tiametoxam + lambdacihalotrina (0,00%), spinetoram, (0,00%), malation (20,35%), tiametoxam (38,62%), dimetoato (86,94%) e imidacloprid (87,33%); para 7 días fue tiametoxam + lambdacihalotrina (0,00%), spinetoram (21,46%), malation (38,77), tiametoxam (50,84%), dimetoato (86,14%) e imidacloprid (90,37%). Los datos de muestreo, a partir de 16 días, presentaron una gran pérdida de unidades experimentales, lo que imposibilitó el análisis de los resultados, después de ese tiempo.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Effect of Corythucha gossypii on Castor Oil Plant Leaves: Sampling Criteria and Control by Insecticides</strong></p><p>The lace bug, also called the “cotton or bean lace bug”, Corythucha gossypii (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) is a common pest from cotton. However it has been reported in another twenty four plant hosts including castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). This work aimed to establish if this insect pest can reduce the life-period of leaves, to assess which is the leaf surface that best represents the total pest population for sampling and to test the efficacy of six insecticides for C. gossypii control in a castor bean crop. The life-period of leaves was negatively affected by the presence of the insect, the larger the number of C. gossypii, the shorter their leaf life. The lower surface best represented the entire population of lace bug with a mean ± standard error of 55.10 ± 4.76, with a 99.60% of correlation, a R2=0.99 and a p &lt; 0.0001; compared to 3.44 ± 0.57, with a 66.32% of correlation, a R2=0.44 and a p &lt; 0.0001 for the upper surface. Efficacy of control after three days of insecticide application was: thiamethoxam + lambdacyhalothrin (0.00%), spinetoram, (0.00%), malathion (20.35%), thiamethoxam (38.62%), dimethoate (86.94%) and imidacloprid (87.33%). After seven days of insecticide application the efficacy was thiamethoxam + lambdacyhalothrin (0.00%), spinetoram (21.46%), malathion (38.77), thiamethoxam (50.84%), dimethoate (86.14%) and imidacloprid (90.37%). Results obtained after 16 days lacked many sampling unit leaves, which made their analysis meaningless, after that period of time. </p>

scholarly journals Etude de l’effet rémanent de Mavi MNPV dans un champ de niébé

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219-2229
Author(s):  
A. Kindozandji ◽  
B.D. Datinon ◽  
K. Amevoin ◽  
A.N. Nondichao ◽  
A.I. Glitho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Food Legumes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
And Control

Le niébé est l’une des légumineuses alimentaires la plus importante dans toutes les régions de l’Afrique Sub-saharienne. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’effet rémanent de Mavi Multinucléo polyhedrovirus (Mavi MNPV) après la récolte du niébé au champ. Le champ a été traité 5 fois au biopesticide Mavi MNPV à la fréquence de sept jours. Deux semaines après la récolte, deux plants ainsi que les graines de chaque traitement sur chaque unité parcellaire ayant reçu les traitements de Mavi MNPV de 107, 108 et 109 virions/ml ont été collectés et amenés au laboratoire avec le substrat de développement de la plante (sable). Aucune des formulations issues des substrats sable, racines, feuilles, tiges et graines n’a affecté la mortalité des larves L2 et L3 de Maruca vitrata et aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les traitements et le témoin. Quels que soient les traitements, le taux d’émergence des adultes est élevé ; ce qui signifie que la variation de la concentration de Mavi MNPV ne conditionne pas sa présence dans le sol, les tiges, les feuilles, les racines et les graines. Le biopesticide Mavi MNPV n’est pas persistant dans la nature.Mots clés : Niébé, Mavi MNPV, Maruca vitrata, Effet rémanent   English Title: Study of the residual effect of Mavi MNPV in a cowpea field Cowpea is one of the most important food legumes in all regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this research work was to study the persistence effect of Mavi Multinucleus polyhedrovirus (Mavi MNPV) after field harvest of the cowpea. The field was treated 5 times with Mavi MNPV biopesticide at seven days. Two weeks after harvest, two plants as well as the seeds from each treatment on each plot unit that received Mavi MNPV treatments of 107, 108 and 109 virions / ml were removed and brought to the laboratory with the plant development substrate (sand). None of the formulations from sand, root, leaf, stem and seed substrates did not affect the mortality of L2 and L3 larvae of Maruca vitrata and no significant difference was observed between treatments and control. Regardless of the treatments, the rate of emergence of adults is high; this means that the variation in the concentration of Mavi MNPV does not condition its presence in soil, stems, leaves, roots and seeds. Mavi MNPV biopesticide is not persistent in nature.Keywords: Cowpea, Mavi MNPV, Maruca vitrata, Residual effect.      

scholarly journals Microbial fertilizer from PK rocks on lettuce nutrients and soil attributes in consecutive crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Newton Pereira Stamford ◽  
Emmanuella Vila Nova da Silva ◽  
Thatiana Stamford Arnaud ◽  
Carlos Garcia Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Successive Cycle ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Potassic Rocks ◽  
Microbial Fertilizers

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a microbial fertilizer, produced from phosphate and potassic rocks and earthworm compost, as an alternative to conventional fertilizers, on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) nutrients and soil attributes. The experiment was conducted in consecutive cycles (30 and 60 days) in a soil from the Lorca region, in the municipality of Murcia, Spain. The fertilization treatments were: conventional fertilizer, 100% of the recommended rate (RR); microbial fertilizer, 50% of the RR (5 Mg ha-1); microbial fertilizer, 100% of the RR (10 Mg ha-1); microbial fertilizer, 150% of the RR (15 Mg ha-1); and control, without N-P2O5-K2O fertilization. The microbial fertilizers applied at 100 and 150% of the RR showed significant and positive effects, as well as the best results for plant characteristics. The microbial fertilizer increased total N and available P and K compared with the conventional fertilizer. A residual effect was observed in the successive cycle. The effectiveness of the microbial fertilizer shows it is a viable alternative to conventional fertilizers, with positive effects on plant productivity and soil attributes.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Water Regimes and Spacing on Insect Pest Infestation and Efficacy of Control Measures in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. A. Oso ◽  
G. O. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
And Control

Aim: Information on the influence of water availability during different seasons of rainfed or irrigated agriculture as it relates to insect pest population build-up in crops could assist in the development of integrated pest management. A study was therefore conducted to investigate effects of spacing, pest infestation and control on cucumber under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Place and Duration of Study: At the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria during the 2016/2017 rainy and dry seasons. Methodology: The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split-plot arrangement in five replications, with spacing (60 x 60 cm, 60 x 90 cm and 60 x 120 cm) as the main plot treatments and the sub-plot treatments were different pest control strategies. The pest control strategies include synthetic insecticide (Lambda-cyhalothrin), botanical insecticide (Anogeissus leiocarpus) and control. Growth parameters and yield attributes were recorded. Insect pest occurrence, their build-up and percentage infestation on cucumber and the efficacy of the management strategies were monitored. Results: The results showed that yield was enhanced in irrigated system with the widest spacing of 60 x 120 cm botanical treatment interaction. Bemisia tabaci was the most prominent insect pest attacking cucumber under irrigated system. Conclusion: Other cultural control practices such as the use of trap crops with little or no financial implication should also be added to botanical pesticides as an integrated pest management tactic for effective management and control of the pest.

scholarly journals Impact of integrated pest management on the population of leafminers, fruit borers, and natural enemies in tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Mascarenhas Motta Miranda ◽  
Marcelo Coutinho Picanço ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Leandro Bacci ◽  
Ézio Marques da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Eridania ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of integrated pest management (IPM) in the productivity of the tomato and in the populations of leafminers, fruit borers, and natural enemies in tomato crops. The treatments were calendar (spraying twice weekly with insecticides and fungicides), IPM (spraying when action thresholds were achieved), and control (no pesticide was applied). IPM was the most efficient system of pest control due to presenting similar productivity and 65.6% less pesticide applications than in the calendar. The attack of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) to the leaves only achieved the action threshold in the final phase of the cultivation. The main fruit borer was Neoleucinoides elegantalis (Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), followed by T. absoluta and Spodoptera eridania (Cr.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The natural enemy populations were severely reduced by excessive pesticide applications. Predators were more abundant than parasitoids. The most abundant predators were Araneidae, Anthicus sp. (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), Cycloneda sanguinea larva (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Staphylinidae adults (Coleoptera), Orius sp. and Xylocoris sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Formicidae (Hymenoptera), and Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera). The most abundant parasitoids were Hymenoptera of the families Eulophidae, Braconidae (Bracon sp. and Chelonus sp.), Trichogrammatidae [Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley)] and Bethylidae (Goniozus nigrifemur Ashmead), besides Tachinidae (Diptera).

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