Humus content and balance in the soil with different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation

The effect of application of different doses and combinations of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in plants, economic and relative removal of winter wheat, corn, spring barley and soybeans was studied. Soil - Luvic Chernic Phaeozem. The scheme of the experiment includes 11 variants of combinations and separate application of mineral fertilizers and, including the variant without fertilizer. It was found that the level of nitrogen content of easily hydrolyzed compounds in the soil significantly affects its content in the grain of spring barley, corn, soybeans (R2 = 0,92–0,93), less - winter wheat (R2 = 0,63). The content of mobile phosphates in the soil has almost the same effect on its content in the main and non-commodity part of the crop, regardless of the crop (R2 = 0,39–0,70). The smallest relationship between the content of mobile compounds in the soil and in the crop was in potassium, but in soybean seeds and straw of spring barley and soybeans it was clearly traced (R2 = 0,53–0,68). Nitrogen (64,4–149,9 kg / ha) has the largest share in the economic extraction of nutrients with grain and seed yield, followed by phosphorus – 21,1–51,4 kg P2O5/ ha, depending on the crop. On the formation of the crop unit of marketable and the corresponding amount of non-marketable crop products absorb nutrients in the following ratio N : P2O5 : K2O: winter wheat – 1 : 0,4: 0,7; corn – 1 : 0,3 : 0,8; spring barley – 1 : 0,4 : 0,7 and soy – 1 : 0,4 : 0,4. With the non-commodity part of the crop, nitrogen with corn stalks returns to the soil from economic removal – 28–36 %, phosphorus with soybean straw (47–54 %) and potassium with winter wheat straw and corn stalks – 74–80 %, depending on the experiment variant.

Download Full-text

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp2.02.039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

V. Lopushniak

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Podzolic Soil ◽

Humus Content ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Content Increase ◽

Energy Reserves ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

Download Full-text

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture ◽

10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-1-136-144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (97) ◽

pp. 136-144

Author(s):

H.M. Hospodarenko ◽

◽

I.V. Prokopchuk ◽

K. P. Leonova ◽

V.P. Boyko

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

Download Full-text

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-31-2-9-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Humus Content ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Northern Kazakhstan ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Positive Balance ◽

High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

Download Full-text

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_5a5f05dc679404.30714646 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

Валерий Чибис ◽

Valeriy Chibis ◽

Светлана Чибис ◽

Svetlana Chibis ◽

Илья Кутышев ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Humus Content ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Field Crop ◽

Oil Crops

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Download Full-text

Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.5.467-477 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 467-477

Author(s):

L. M. Kozlova ◽

E. N. Noskova ◽

F. A. Popov

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Humus Content ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Field Crop ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Positive Balance ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Bare Fallow

The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).

Download Full-text

The productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems depending on agricultural practices

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213202007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 02007

Author(s):

Izida Ilyinskaya ◽

Emma Gaevaya

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Humus Content ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

High Productivity ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Preservation Of Fertility

Field experiments were carried out in the Rostov region on the slope of ordinary chernozems in the system of contour-strip organization of the territory in 2011-2020. The aim of the research was the development of agrotechnical methods (design of crop rotation, the method of basic tillage and the background of fertilizers), which ensure high productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems and the preservation of fertility. The experiment included three factors: the design of the crop rotation, the method of the main tillage, the background of mineral fertilizers. It was found that, on average, for the period of research, the level of mineral nutrition has the greatest influence on the productivity of the crop rotation (83.9%), followed by the design of the crop rotation (14.9%). The influence of basic tillage is estimated at only 1.2%. It was found that the introduction of 20% of perennial grasses into the structure of crop rotation reduces soil washout by 19.5-27.7%, and an increase in the proportion of perennial grasses to 40% by 38.3-43.8%. The use of chisel tillage reduces washout by 15.6-24.2%, and with it the loss of humus. In the “C” crop rotation in all variants of the experiment, the humus content increased by 0.010.03%. It was revealed that the productivity of all the studied crop rotations changed under the influence of agrotechnical methods, reaching in the crop rotation “C” with 40% of perennial grasses and 60% of grain crops on average for the studied period the highest value of 3.53 t / ha of grain units, which is 9.3% higher than in the “B” crop rotation and 17.3% higher than in the “A” crop rotation.

Download Full-text

POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION

Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture ◽

10.31395/2310-0478-2020-2-56-61 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

Н. M. Hospodarenko

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Field Crop ◽

Heavy Loam ◽

Different Types ◽

Loam Soil ◽

The Right

The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.

Download Full-text

NUTRIENT REGIME OF THE SOIL IN THE FIELD CROP ROTATION DIFFERENT DOSES FERTILIZER

Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture ◽

10.31395/2310-0478-2019-1-37-43 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

H. M. Hospodarenko ◽

◽

I. V. Prokopchuk ◽

V. P. Boyko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Field Crop ◽

Nutrient Regime ◽

Different Doses

Download Full-text

Influence of vermicompost aftereffect on the efficiency of spring barley cultivation in arid conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine

The Scientific Journal Grain Crops ◽

10.31867/2523-4544/0136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 281-288

Author(s):

O. O. Vinyukov ◽

A. P. Dudkina ◽

T. V. Shevchenko

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Humus Content ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Production Costs ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Control Analysis

Barley is a crop, requires the availability of available nutrients in the soil, especially at the be-ginning of the growing season. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the aftereffect of using vermicompost when growing spring barley on different backgrounds in the Donetsk region. The studies were carried out according to the methodology of the field experiment of B. A. Dospehova. Research methods: field, supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations and observations. The studies were conducted in 2017–2019 by laboratory-field method in field crop rotation in the experimental sections of the Donetsk SSES NAAS. The repetition in the experiments is 3-fold. The location of the plots is systematic. The soil is alkaline-chernozemic carbonate, having an average supply of mineral nitrogen and mobile phosphorus, low – potassium. The humus content of 4,2 % indicates a high potential soil fertility, but to realize the potential of the culture, additional application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is necessary. The technology for growing crops is generally accepted for the farms of the region, with the ex- ception of the factors studied. Variety of barley spring Avers. The experience scheme provides for: control (without fertilizers); background – saturation of crop rotation with vermicompost granular 2 t/ha; background + N30P30K30; background + N60P60K60; N30P30K30. The use of organic fertilizers under the predecessor in crop rotation provided improve nutriti-on conditions for plants, which positively affected the growth and development of spring barley plants. So, on the variants with the use of mineral fertilizers, the highest indices of the number of productive stems and the structure of the crop were noted in the background. The variant where N60P60K60 was added in the background produced the largest mass of 1000 grains – 49,8 g, which is 4,6 % higher than the control. Analysis of the study indicates the positive effect of the aftereffect of organic fertilizer (ver-micompost) on the yield of spring barley. The maximum yield of spring barley was obtained against the background of aftereffect of vermicompost 2 t/ha and the application of mineral fertilizers N60P60K60 – 5,05 t/ha, but due to high production costs, the profitability level is 114,9 %. The application of organic fertilizers under the background provides a yield of 3,67 t/ha and the highest level of profitability of 140,6 %. The optimal technological option provides for the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the norm N30P30K30 amid predecessor saturation with vermicompost. This allows increasing the yield up to 4,90 t/ha (by 1,46 t/ha or 42,4 % to the control) and obtaining a profitability level of 136,1 %. The use only of mineral fertilizer N30P30K30 in severely arid weather conditions of the steppe zone allows increasing the yield by 0,70 t/ha compared to the control but, due to the high cost of pro-duction, leads to a low production profitability of 99,6 %. Key words: spring barley, background, vermicompost, mineral fertilizers, yield, economic effici-ency.

Download Full-text