scholarly journals Several interventions to alleviate pain in male patients undergoing office-based flexible cystoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Flexible Cystoscopy ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Male Patients

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the ability of nonpharmacologic adjuvant interventions to alleviate pain in male patients during flexible cystoscopy (FC) under local anesthesia. Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched to identify eligible clinical trials from inception to 31 December 2020, with no language restrictions. Two independent reviewers used Cochrane Collaboration tools to assess the selection criteria, methodological rigor and risk of bias. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14.2. Results: In total, 717 studies were initially identified, and fourteen randomized controlled trials were ultimately included. We observed that patients who underwent FC with higher irrigation pressures had significantly lower pain scores on the visual analog scale than their counterparts with lower irrigation pressure during FC (weight mean difference (WMD): −1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.72 to −1.14) with no between-study heterogeneity (p = 0.661). There were no significant differences in pain between immediate or delayed FC groups under the same local anesthetic (standard mean difference (SMD): −0.19; 95% CI: −0.39 to 0.01). A pooled analysis of three studies including 340 male patients showed that men who observed the cystoscopy on the monitor had significantly lower pain ratings compared to those who did not view the operation on the monitor (SMD: −0.64; 95% CI: −1.14 to −0.15). Two studies, including a total of 272 patients, assessed the influence of listening to music on pain and anxiety in male patients during FC. Our meta-analysis found that music significantly improved patient pain (WMD: −0.92; 95% CI: −1.29 to −0.54). Hand-holding and urination during FC also relieved pain and anxiety in male patients undergoing FC. Conclusions: We observed that elevated irrigation pressure, real-time cystoscopy visualization, and music therapy alleviated pain in male patients undergoing FC. Well-designed trials are needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals The effectiveness and safety of cupping therapy for stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-112
Author(s):  
Mikyung Kim ◽  
Chang-ho Han
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Standard Mean Difference

Objectives: ncluding stroke. The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinical evidence of CT for stroke.Methods: To identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effectiveness and/or safety of CT, seven databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from January 2000 to February 2021 without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software and the results were presented as mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD) for continuous variables and odds ratio (OR) for diverse variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Assessment of the methodological quality of the eligible trials was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for risk of bias in RCTs.Results: Twenty-two RCTs with 1653 participants were included in the final analysis. CT provided additional benefit in improving upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper limb motor function, MD 6.91, 95% CI 4.64 to 1.67, P<0.00001) and spasticity (response rate, OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.31 to 8.22, P=0.08) in stroke survivors receiving conventional medical treatment. These findings were supported with a moderate level of evidence. CT did not significantly increase the occurrence of adverse events.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the potential of CT to be beneficial in managing a variety of complications in stroke survivors. However, to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing evidence, rigorously designed large-scale RCTs are warranted in the future.

scholarly journals 1471Metadata on calprotectin, an emerging biomarker of interest in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Udeh
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Background COVID-19 has been shown to present with a varied clinical course, hence the need for more specific diagnostic tools that could identify severe cases and predict outcomes during COVID-19 infection. Recent evidence has shown an expanded potential role for calprotectin, both as a diagnostic tool and as a stratifying tool in COVID-19 patients in terms of severity. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the levels of calprotectin in severe and non-severe COVID-19 and also identify the implication of raised calprotectin levels. Methods Databases searched include MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and MedRxiv. Stata was employed in meta-analysis to compare the serum/faecal levels of calprotectin between severe and non-severe COVID-19 infections. Results A pooled analysis of data in the 8 quantitative studies from 613 patients who were RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 (average age = 55 years; 52% males) showed an overall estimate as 1.34 (95%CI: 0.77, 1.91). Stata was further employed to carry out an in-depth investigation of the in-between study heterogeneity. Conclusion In conclusion, calprotectin levels have been demonstrated to be significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients who develop the severe form of the disease, and it also has prognostic significance. Key message This is the first comprehensive metadata on calprotectin in COVID-19. And as a druggable target for tasquinimod, calprotectin potentially remains a key therapeutic intervention strategy in COVID-19 management.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Dysphagia after Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lingling Li ◽  
Hailiang Huang ◽  
Yuqi Jia ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
Zhiyao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction

Background. Dysphagia is a common sequelae after stroke. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a tool that has been used in the rehabilitation process to modify cortical excitability and improve dysphagia. Objective. To systematically evaluate the effect of NIBS on dysphagia after stroke and compare the effects of two different NIBS. Methods. Randomized controlled trials about the effect of NIBS on dysphagia after stroke were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CBM, from inception to June 2021. The quality of the trials was assessed, and the data were extracted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. A statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 and ADDIS 1.16.8. The effect size was evaluated by using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Ultimately, 18 studies involving 738 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that NIBS could improve the dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) score (standard mean difference SMD = 1.44 , 95% CI 0.80 to 2.08, P < 0.05 ) and the water swallow test score ( SMD = 6.23 , 95% CI 5.44 to 7.03, P < 0.05 ). NIBS could reduce the standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) score ( SMD = − 1.04 , 95% CI -1.50 to -0.58, P < 0.05 ), the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) score ( SMD = − 0.85 , 95% CI -1.33 to -0.36, P < 0.05 ), and the functional dysphagia scale score ( SMD = − 1.05 , 95% CI -1.48 to -0.62, P < 0.05 ). Network meta-analysis showed that the best probabilistic ranking of the effects of two different NIBS on the DOSS score is rTMS   P = 0.52 > tDCS   P = 0.48 , the best probabilistic ranking of the SSA score is rTMS   P = 0.72 > tDCS   P = 0.28 , and the best probabilistic ranking of the PAS score is rTMS   P = 0.68 > tDCS   P = 0.32 . Conclusion. Existing evidence showed that NIBS could improve swallowing dysfunction and reduce the occurrence of aspiration after stroke, and that rTMS is better than tDCS. Limited by the number of included studies, more large-sample, multicenter, double-blind, high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials are still needed in the future to further confirm the results of this research.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of the temporal intra-oral skeletal anchorage device (TISADs) for facilitating the anchorage reinforcement: A meta-analysis and systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amiri ◽  
Setareh Khosravi ◽  
Shiva Torabi ◽  
Hadi Golshekan ◽  
Fan Qi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the TISADs to facilitates anchorage reinforcement. Methods:  PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar, were used from the electronic databases until 2020 perform systematic literature. Two reviewers extracted data blindly and independently from various abstracts as well as full texts of articles they considered for data extraction. Using the Cochrane collaboration's tool, we evaluated the publications' quality. Then, we computed the mean difference of TISADs and conventional anchorage groups with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, restricted maximum likelihood (REML), and random effect model of the mesial movement of molars and their tipping. Moreover, we employed Stata/MP 16 that has been considered the most rapid version of Stata for evaluating meta-analysis. Results: According to our electronic searches, 134 topics and abstracts with potential relevance were identified according to the research design. Finally, five publications matched the required inclusion criteria of the study. In addition, the Cochrane collaboration instrument exhibited all studies with low to moderate biases. Also, the mean difference of mesial molar movement showed less anchorage loss in the TISADs group vs. the controls, and a significant difference between these two groups (MD= -1.74 with a CI of 95%, -2.76, -0.71. P = 0.00). Conclusions: TISADs can reduce treatment time, and TISADs are more effective in enables the anchorage than other methods and higher tipping in the TISADs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of vision-based treatments for children and teens with amblyopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000657
Author(s):  
Taylor Adrian Brin ◽  
Amy Chow ◽  
Caitlin Carter ◽  
Mark Oremus ◽  
William Bobier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Indirect Comparison ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo identify differences in efficacy between vision-based treatments for improving visual acuity (VA) of the amblyopic eye in persons aged 4–17 years old.Data sourcesOvid Embase, PubMed (Medline), the Cochrane Library, Vision Cite and Scopus were systematically searched from 1975 to 17 June 2020.MethodsTwo independent reviewers screened search results for randomised controlled trials of vision-based amblyopia treatments that specified change in amblyopic eye VA (logMAR) as the primary outcome measure. Quality was assessed via risk of bias and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations).ResultsOf the 3346 studies identified, 36 were included in a narrative synthesis. A random effects meta-analysis (five studies) compared the efficacy of binocular treatments versus patching: mean difference −0.03 logMAR; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.04 (p<0.001), favouring patching. An exploratory study-level regression (18 studies) showed no statistically significant differences between vision-based treatments and a reference group of 2–5 hours of patching. Age, sample size and pre-randomisation optical treatment were not statistically significantly associated with changes in amblyopic eye acuity. A network meta-analysis (26 studies) comparing vision-based treatments to patching 2–5 hours found one statistically significant comparison, namely, the favouring of a combination of two treatment arms comparing combination and binocular treatments, against patching 2–5 hours: standard mean difference: 2.63; 95% CI 1.18 to 4.09. However, this result was an indirect comparison calculated from a single study. A linear regression analysis (17 studies) found a significant relationship between adherence and effect size, but the model did not completely fit the data: regression coefficient 0.022; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.040 (p=0.02).ConclusionWe found no clinically relevant differences in treatment efficacy between the treatments included in this review. Adherence to the prescribed hours of treatment varied considerably and may have had an effect on treatment success.

scholarly journals Effects of Flavonoid Supplementation on Common Eye Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Davinelli ◽  
Sawan Ali ◽  
Giovanni Scapagnini ◽  
Ciro Costagliola
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Intervention Trials

Background: Emerging studies show that certain plant compounds may reduce the severity of most prevalent ocular abnormalities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of dietary flavonoids on major eye disorders.Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for all articles published up to April 2021. The literature search yielded 1,134 articles, and a total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. A meta-analysis of 11 intervention trials involving a total of 724 participants was performed.Results: Using a random-effects model, the pooled results revealed an overall significant effect of flavonoids on common ophthalmic disorders (standard mean difference = −0.39; 95% CI: −0.56, −0.21, p &lt; 0.01). Of the subclasses of flavonoids, flavan-3-ols (standard mean difference = −0.62; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.22, p &lt; 0.01), and anthocyanins (standard mean difference = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.63, −0.21, p &lt; 0.01) were the only effective intervention for improving the outcomes of ocular conditions. For several of the other flavonoid subclasses, evidence on efficacy was insufficient.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that flavonoids may improve the clinical manifestations associated with ocular disorders. However, further well-constructed clinical trials are required to confirm these results and examine the effect of flavonoids on eye disorders other than those identified in this review.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021247332.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Manual Therapy for Relieving Pain, Stiffness, and Dysfunction in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (20;4) ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
Yuelong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Standard Mean Difference

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of arthritis, leading to pain disability in seniors and increased health care utilization. Manual therapy is one widely used physical treatment for KOA. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) of manual therapy compared to other treatments for relieving pain, stiffness, and physical dysfunction in patients with KOA. Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of manual therapy for KOA. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of manual therapy for patients with KOA from the inception to October 2015 without language restrictions. RCTs compared manual therapy to the placebo or other interventional control with an appropriate description of randomization. Two reviewers independently conducted the search results identification, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. The methodological quality was assessed by PEDro scale. Pooled data was expressed as standard mean difference (SMD), with 95% confident intervals (CIs) in a random effects model. The meta-analysis of manual therapy for KOA on pain, stiffness, and physical function were conducted. Results: Fourteen studies involving 841 KOA participants compared to other treatments were included. The methodological quality of most included RCTs was poor. The mean PEDro scale score was 6.6. The meta-analyses results showed that manual therapy had statistically significant effects on relieving pain (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.61, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.28, P = 76%), stiffness (SMD = -0.58, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.21, P = 81%), improving physical function (SMD = -0.49, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.22, P = 65%), and total score (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI -0.78 to -0.35, P = 50%). But in the subgroups, manual therapy did not show significant improvements on stiffness and physical function when treatment duration was less than 4 weeks. And the long-term information for manual therapy was insufficient. Limitations: The limitations of this systematic review include the paucity of literature and inevitable heterogeneity between included studies. Conclusion: The preliminary evidence from our study suggests that manual therapy might be effective and safe for improving pain, stiffness, and physical function in KOA patients and could be treated as complementary and alternative options. However, the evidence may be limited by potential bias and poor methodological quality of included studies. High-quality RCTs with longterm follow-up are warranted to confirm our findings. Key words: Knee osteoarthritis, manual therapy, systematic review

scholarly journals Enteral immunonutrition versus enteral nutrition for patients undergoing oesophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Kun Li ◽  
Hai Zhou ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Zhuang-Zhuang Cong ◽  
Wen-Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract OBJECTIVES According to retrospective studies, oesophageal carcinoma is the second deadliest gastrointestinal cancer after gastric cancer. Enteral immunonutrition (EIN) has been increasingly used to enhance host immunity and relieve the inflammatory response of patients undergoing oesophagectomy; however, conclusions across studies remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of EIN on the clinical and immunological outcomes of patients undergoing oesophagectomy. METHODS Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) were used to search articles in peer-reviewed, English-language journals. The mean difference, relative risk or standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistic combined with the corresponding P-value. The analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3. RESULTS Six articles were finally included, with a total of 320 patients with oesophageal cancer. The meta-analysis results showed that EIN did not improve clinical outcomes (such as infectious complications, pneumonia, surgical site infection, anastomotic leak and postoperative hospital stay) or immune indices [referring to C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-α]. Descriptive analysis suggested that EIN also increased the serum concentrations of IgG and the percentage of the B-cell fraction. Thus, its impact on IL-8 and IL-6 remains inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS The early-stage impact of EIN on immunological status in patients undergoing oesophagectomy is still unclear. According to the results of this meta-analysis, whether EIN could improve the clinical outcomes or biological status after oesophagectomy compared to standard enteral nutrition is uncertain. Since the impact of EIN is unclear, current guidelines that strongly advise the use of EIN should be changed, as the utility of EIN is very uncertain. More appropriately powered clinical studies are warranted to confirm its effectiveness.

scholarly journals 931. Telemedicine for the Treatment of Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S31-S31
Author(s):  
David De Gijsel ◽  
Blake Kruger ◽  
Dema Hakim ◽  
Sarah Moore
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Rural Settings

Abstract Background Hepatitis C (HCV) is a curable cause of liver disease, typically treated by specialists. Access to specialists is limited in rural areas. Telemedicine between generalists and specialists could yield outcomes comparable with care provided by specialists in face-to-face (FTF) encounters. To assess the effectiveness of HCV treatment through telemedicine compared with usual care, as measured by sustained virologic response (SVR). Methods We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Excerpta Medica DataBASE from inception to March 2018. We included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing telemedicine in rural settings to FTF encounters with specialists in treating HCV. Studies reported cure as measured by SVR. We did not apply any exclusion criteria. At least 2 independent researchers used PRISMA guidelines to extract data. We used a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Collaboration Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias to assess observational studies and RCTs. We used a random-effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR). The primary outcome was clinical cure. Cure was defined as SVR at 12 weeks after completion of treatment. Results Of 1,211 potentially eligible studies, 10 studies, representing 43,117 subjects, met inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis showed no difference in the odds of achieving SVR when comparing telemedicine to FTF specialist care (OR 1.01 [95% CI 0.78–1.30]). This result was robust across sensitivity analyses, including restriction to patients who completed treatment (OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.43–1.43]), exclusion of outliers, and exclusion of abstracts. There was significant heterogeneity [P = 0.003, I2 = 64]. Conclusion In rural areas with limited access to specialists, care provided by telemedicine-supported generalists is as effective as FTF specialist care in achieving cure of HCV. Telemedicine is a viable option to expand access to HCV care in rural settings. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Meta-analysis of ICU Delirium Biomarkers and Their Alignment With the NIA-AA Research Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
Carol K. Chan ◽  
Yiqing Song ◽  
Ryan Greene ◽  
Heidi Lindroth ◽  
Sikandar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Icu Delirium ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background Between 30% and 80% of survivors of critical illness experience cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Objective To determine whether intensive care unit (ICU) delirium biomarkers align with the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) research framework for diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer disease and other related dementias (ADRD). Methods Ovid MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles published between January 1, 2000, and February 20, 2020, on the relationship between delirium and biomarkers listed in the NIA-AA framework. Only studies that addressed delirium in the ICU setting and fluid biomarkers were included in these analyses. Results Of 61 256 records screened, 38 studies met inclusion criteria, 8 of which were suitable for meta-analysis. In pooled analysis, significant associations were found between ICU delirium and amyloid β-peptide 1-40 (standard mean difference [SMD], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.09-0.75), interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (SMD, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.21-0.94), and IL-6 (SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.06-0.56). No significant association was observed in pooled analyses between ICU delirium and the other biomarkers. Few studies have examined ICU delirium and pathologic tau or neurodegeneration biomarkers. Conclusions Inflammatory biomarkers and amyloid β are associated with ICU delirium and point to potential overlapping mechanisms between delirium and ADRD. Critical care providers should consider integrating diagnostic approaches used in ADRD in their assessment of post–ICU cognitive dysfunction.

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