scholarly journals Influence of duration and intensity of exposure to occupational hazards on mortality levels of coal miners

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
G. I. Tikhonova ◽  
T. E. Piktushanskaya ◽  
T. Yu. Gorchakova ◽  
A. N. Churanova ◽  
M. S. Bryleva
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death

Th e article presents results of analytic epidemiologic study of mortality in coal miners cohort in Rostov region, who had occupational disease registered in various years. The cohort included 9980 males, the observation period was 26 years (01/01/1990–31/12/2015). Deep analysis of mortality with leading death causes in subgroups of coal miners differentiated by length of service in underground conditions. Standardized relative risk of death in the subgroups increased with longer length of service, with respiratory diseases, circulatory system diseases and malignancies.The authors studied mortality in subcohorts of the miners with leading and auxiliary occupations, whose work conditions differ in intensity of exposure to occupational hazards. For the workers with leading occupations, standardized relative risk of death with respiratory diseases, circulatory system diseases and malignancies was higher.

Relative Risk of Death in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Dialysis PTS: A Useful Marker of a Cohort Features

1991 ◽  
pp. 455-457
Author(s):  
G. B. Piccoli ◽  
G. Beltrame ◽  
F. Bonello ◽  
M. Salomone ◽  
A. Pacitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death

scholarly journals White Blood Cell and Platelet Dynamics Define Human Inflammatory Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brody H Foy ◽  
Thor Sundt ◽  
Jonathan CT Carlson ◽  
Aaron D Aguirre ◽  
John M Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death

Inflammation is the physiologic reaction to cellular and tissue damage caused by pathologic processes including trauma, infection, and ischemia. Effective inflammatory responses integrate molecular and cellular functions to prevent further tissue damage, initiate repair, and restore homeostasis, while futile or dysfunctional responses allow escalating injury, delay recovery, and may hasten death. Elevation of white blood cell count (WBC) and altered levels of other acute phase reactants are cardinal signs of inflammation, but the dynamics of these changes and their resolution are not established. Patient responses appear to vary dramatically with no clearly defined signs of good prognosis, leaving physicians reliant on qualitative interpretations of laboratory trends. We studied the human acute inflammatory response to trauma, ischemia, and infection by tracking the longitudinal dynamics of cellular and serum markers in hospitalized patients. Unexpectedly, we identified a conserved pattern of recovery defined by co-regulation of WBC and platelet (PLT) populations. Across all inflammatory conditions studied, recovering patients followed a consistent WBC-PLT trajectory shape that is well-approximated by exponential WBC decay and delayed linear PLT growth. This recovery trajectory shape may represent a fundamental archetype of human physiologic response at the cellular population scale, and provides a generic approach for identifying high-risk patients: 32x relative risk of adverse outcomes for cardiac surgery patients, 9x relative risk of death for COVID-19, and 5x relative risk of death for myocardial infarction.

Reply to: Concerns about estimating relative risk of death associated with convalescent plasma for COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Bégin ◽  
Jeannie Callum ◽  
Richard Cook ◽  
Erin Jamula ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death

scholarly journals Geografias da Diabetes Mellitus em Portugal: Como as Condições do Contexto Influenciam o Risco de Morrer

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Santana ◽  
Cláudia Costa ◽  
Adriana Loureiro ◽  
João Raposo ◽  
José Manuel Boavida
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem that is on the increase throughout the world, including in Portugal. This paper aims to identify the changing geographic pattern of this cause of death in Portugal and its association with sociomaterial deprivation.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> This is a transversal ecological study of the deaths by Diabetes Mellitus in Portuguese municipalities in three periods (1989-1993, 1999-2003 and 2006-2010). It uses a Bayesian hierarchical model in order to obtain a smooth standardized mortality ratio and the relative risk of death by Diabetes Mellitus associated to sociomaterial deprivation.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> In 1989-1993, the highest smooth standardized mortality ratio values were found in coastal urban municipalities (80% of municipalities with smooth standardized mortality ratio ≥ 161, of which 60% are urban); in 2006-2010, the opposite was found, with the highest smooth standardized mortality ratio values occurring in rural areas in southern inland regions (76.9% of municipalities with smooth standardized mortality ratio ≥ 161, of which 69.2% are rural), particularly the Alentejo. The relative risk of death by Diabetes Mellitus increases with vulnerability associated to social and economic conditions in the area of residence, and is significant in the last two periods (relative risk: 1.00; IC95%: 0.98-1.02).<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Diabetes Mellitus presents a geographic pattern marked by coastal-inland and urban-rural asymmetry. However, this has been altering over the last twenty years. 48% of the population reside in municipalities where the smooth standardized mortality ratio has increased in the last twenty years, particularly in the rural areas of inland Portugal.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The highest smooth standardized mortality ratio are currently found in rural municipalities with the highest index of sociomaterial deprivation.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Demography; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus/mortality; Portugal; Socioeconomic Factors.

scholarly journals Antiepileptic drug use and mortality among community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer disease

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (20) ◽  
pp. e2099-e2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Sarycheva ◽  
Piia Lavikainen ◽  
Heidi Taipale ◽  
Jari Tiihonen ◽  
Antti Tanskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death ◽  
First 90 Days

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of death in relation to incident antiepileptic drug (AED) use compared with nonuse in people with Alzheimer disease (AD) through the assessment in terms of duration of use, specific drugs, and main causes of death.MethodsThe MEDALZ (Medication Use and Alzheimer Disease) cohort study includes all Finnish persons who received a clinically verified AD diagnosis (n = 70,718) in 2005–2011. Incident AED users were identified with 1-year washout period. For each incident AED user (n = 5,638), 1 nonuser was matched according to sex, age, and time since AD diagnosis. Analyses were conducted with Cox proportional regression models and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).ResultsNearly 50% discontinued AEDs within 6 months. Compared with nonusers, AED users had an increased relative risk of death (IPTW hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.36). This was mainly due to deaths from dementia (IPTW HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.42–1.86). There was no difference in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular deaths (IPTW HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.67–1.44). The overall mortality was highest during the first 90 days of AED use (IPTW HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.91–3.03). Among users of older AEDs, relative risk of death was greater compared to users of newer AEDs (IPTW HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.52–2.16).ConclusionIn older vulnerable patients with a cognitive disorder, careful consideration of AED initiation and close adverse events monitoring are needed.

scholarly journals Concerns about estimating relative risk of death associated with convalescent plasma for COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Joyner ◽  
Nigel S. Paneth ◽  
Jonathon W. Senefeld ◽  
DeLisa Fairweather ◽  
Katelyn A. Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death

Controlled trials of rG-CSF and CD11b-directed MAb during hyperoxia and E. coli pneumonia in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 2066-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Freeman ◽  
R. Correa ◽  
W. Karzai ◽  
C. Natanson ◽  
M. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Hyperoxic Lung Injury ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death

We studied the effects of inhibiting and augmenting neutrophil function by using an immunocompetent rat model of infectious and hyperoxic lung injury. After intrabronchial Escherichia coli challenge at all fractional inspired O2 (FIO2) values studied (FIO2 = 0.21, 0.60, and 0.95) and after lethal O2 exposure alone (FIO2 = 0.90), lung injury, as measured by histological and physiological changes, was reduced by a CD11b/CD18-directed monoclonal antibody (MAb 1B6, P < 0.05 vs. controls) but was increased by recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF; P < 0.05 vs. control; MAb 1B6 vs. rG-CSF, P < 0.004). Pulmonary neutrophil counts were reduced by MAb 1B6 (P < 0.04) and increased by rG-CSF (P < 0.0004) compared with control animals. However, despite antibiotics, MAb 1B6 and rG-CSF both significantly increased the relative risk of death, independent of O2 concentration, during E. coli pneumonia (1.74 [symbol: see text] 1.20 and 2.39 [symbol: see text] 1.19, respectively, each P < 0.01). During lethal hyperoxia, MAb 1B6 increased the relative risk of death (1.76 [symbol: see text] 1.28, P < 0.16), whereas rG-CSF had no effect on survival (0.97 [symbol: see text] 1.28, P = 0.89). Thus inhibition of neutrophil function attenuated and enhancement worsened lung injury in response to infectious and hyperoxic challenges, supporting a pathophysiological role of the neutrophil in these processes. However, it is problematic that MAb 1B6 therapy, despite preventing lung damage, ultimately worsened host defenses and survival. Furthermore, rG-CSF also adversely affected survival during infectious lung injury, demonstrating the inherent risks of inhibiting or augmenting neutrophil function in an immunocompetent host during infection.

scholarly journals Fetal and maternal factors are associated with mortality due to circulatory system disorders in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Thais Rocha Salim ◽  
Gabriel Porto Soares ◽  
Carlos Henrique Klein ◽  
Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of characteristics recorded at the time of birth, including weight, occurrence of asphyxia, gestation duration, maternal age and education level, with death from diseases or malformations of the circulatory system in children under 18 years of age. METHODS: The Brazilian Information System on Live Births and Information System on Mortality databases were linked and evaluated following a longitudinal cohort analysis strategy. The following independent variables were evaluated: characteristics recorded at the time of birth, including weight, occurrence of asphyxia, gestation duration, maternal age and education level. Dependent variables were death from diseases or malformations of the circulatory system in children under 18 years of age. Crude relative risks were estimated and relative risks were adjusted for the variables. RESULTS: 6,380 deaths were linked to 4,282,260 birth records, yielding 5,062 pairs considered as true. Low birth weight (RR = 2.26), asphyxia at 1 (RR = 1.72) and 5 minutes (RR = 1.51), prematurity (RR = 1.50), maternal age ≥ 40 years (RR = 2.06), and low maternal education level (RR = 1.45) increased the probability of death caused by circulatory system diseases. In the association with death by malformations of the circulatory system, the predictive variables showed the same association profile, but with greater intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal and maternal factors are associated with increased mortality due to diseases and malformations of the circulatory system. Measures to control these factors and improve access to their diagnosis and treatment would contribute to reducing the number of deaths caused by diseases and malformations of the circulatory system. However, the identification of environmental influences during gestation and birth on the risk of death should be carefully considered due to being influenced by genetic factors.

Mortality of Russian cosmonauts, 1960–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 730-733
Author(s):  
K. V. Betts ◽  
I. V. Fateev
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Introduction. From 1960 to 2018, 282 people were enrolled in cosmonaut groups in the USSR and Russia. Extreme special training and working conditions could lead to health disorders, which may be reflected in the causes and rates of mortality in the future. The goal of this work is to study the causes and rates of mortality in two cohorts of cosmonauts: those with and without spaceflight experience. The study aim is to research the causes and mortality rates of astronauts who have made and did not fly into space. Methods. A cohort study of mortality of 263 male cosmonauts was conducted, 118 cosmonauts with spaceflight experience formed cohort 1, 145 cosmonauts without it - cohort 2. The follow-up period was 59 yrs. (01.01.1960-31.12.2018) with 8351,4 person-years obtained. The reference group for both cohorts was the male population of Russia, cohort 2 was also the reference group for the cohort 1. Mortality risk was assessed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results. Death risk from all causes (A00-Y98) for each cohort was significantly lower than that for the male population (SMR=0,39, 95% CI 0,28-0,54 for cohort 1; SMR=0,53, 95% CI 0,41-0,69 for cohort 2). Moreover, the risk of death for cosmonauts with spaceflight experience is also lower than for cosmonauts without it (SMR=0,66, 95% CI 0,46-0,91). The most common causes of death in both cohorts were circulatory system diseases, and cosmonauts without spaceflight experience died at a younger age. Conclusion. Further research is required to understand the true influence of extreme working conditions on cosmonauts’ health, especially in the long-term period.

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