Assessment of exposure loads of chemicals in workers of the main professions of aluminum production in Eastern Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina M. Meshchakova ◽  
Alexey V. Merinov ◽  
Salim F. Shayakhmetov ◽  
Lyudmila G. Lisetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Electrolysis ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Chemical Factor ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Aluminum Industry ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. In the production of aluminum, one of the main adverse factors is the air pollution of the working area with f uorine-containing compounds and dust-gas-aerosol mixture, the impact of which can lead to health problems in workers. When establishing the connection of morbidity with the profession, it is important to assess the exposure loads of harmful substances. T is aspect of research in the aluminum industry is not suf iiently covered in the literature. T e aim of the study is to quantify the exposure loads of priority toxicants in workers of the main professions of aluminum production, depending on the applied technologies of aluminum electrolysis. Materials and methods. Exposure loads (EL) of chemicals at workers of aluminum production were calculated taking into account the data of a long-term assessment of the working area air for the content of the main harmful substances in workshops with technology of self-baking anode (TSA) and modernized using technology of prebaked anode (TPA). Results. It has been established that with the use of the traditional electrolysis technology (TSA), the average annual EL indicators in the professions of the electrolysis cell, anodechik and crane operators f uctuated noticeably in the dynamics of long-term observation, exceeding the indicators of the control EL. It is shown that the modernized electrolysis technology (TPA) allows to reduce the EL indicators of chemicals, with the exception of hydrof uoride — one of the priority components of the chemical factor. T e actual EL indicators of this substance in the professional groups did not depend on the applied electrolysis technology and, as before, exceeded the EL control indicators. Conclusions: Calculations of EL by harmful substances in the production of aluminum have shown that when using TSA, electrolysis cells and anodetes experience the greatest EL, exceeding control indicators, and the lowest  — crane operators. T e transition to a modernized TPA leads to a decrease in the EL indicators, with the exception of the hydrof uoride, a priority component of the chemical factor.

The Impact of Cathode Material and Shape on Current Density in an Aluminum Electrolysis Cell

JOM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Song ◽  
Jianping Peng ◽  
Yuezhong Di ◽  
Yaowu Wang ◽  
Baokuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Aluminum Electrolysis ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Aluminum Electrolysis Cell ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Current assessment results of the efficacy and safety of scleroplasty in progressive myopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
E. N. Iomdina ◽  
E. P. Tarutta ◽  
G. A. Markosian ◽  
J. I. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Progressive Myopia ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Results

The purpose of the review is to analyze the data of recent studies (performed in the last two decades) of the efficacy and safety of sclera reinforcement surgeries for progressive myopia in children and adults. Short-term and long-term observation results are presented, indicating the impact of the initial degree of myopia, the patient's age, surgical technique and the choice of plastic material on the outcome of the intervention and the further course of the myopic process. The advantages of a biologically active synthetic graft are described, which makes it possible to deposit drugs that stimulate scleral crosslinking and have a biomechanical, trophic and hemodynamic effect. Crosslinking of scleral collagen is a promising approach to the treatment of myopia.

scholarly journals Nrf2 Enhances Cholangiocyte Expansion in Pten-Deficient Livers

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Taguchi ◽  
Ikuo Hirano ◽  
Tohru Itoh ◽  
Minoru Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Miyajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Polycystic Liver ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Abnormal Expansion

Keap1-Nrf2 system plays a central role in the stress response. While Keap1 ubiquitinates Nrf2 for degradation under unstressed conditions, this Keap1 activity is abrogated in response to oxidative or electrophilic stresses, leading to Nrf2 stabilization and coordinated activation of cytoprotective genes. We recently found that nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 is significantly increased by simultaneous deletion of Pten and Keap1, resulting in the stronger activation of Nrf2 target genes. To clarify the impact of the cross talk between the Keap1-Nrf2 and Pten–phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase–Akt pathways on the liver pathophysiology, in this study we have conducted closer analysis of liver-specificPten::Keap1double-mutant mice (Pten::Keap1-Alb mice). The Pten::Keap1-Alb mice were lethal by 1 month after birth and displayed severe hepatomegaly with abnormal expansion of ductal structures comprising cholangiocytes in a Nrf2-dependent manner. Long-term observation of Pten::Keap1-Alb::Nrf2+/−mice revealed that the Nrf2-heterozygous mice survived beyond 1 month but developed polycystic liver fibrosis by 6 months. Gsk3 directing the Keap1-independent degradation of Nrf2 was heavily phosphorylated and consequently inactivated by the double deletion ofPtenandKeap1genes. Thus, liver-specific disruption ofKeap1andPtenaugments Nrf2 activity through inactivation of Keap1-dependent and -independent degradation of Nrf2 and establishes the Nrf2-dependent molecular network promoting the hepatomegaly and cholangiocyte expansion.

Thermal Capacity of Enriched Fuel Briquets Produced from the Fine of Ekibastuz Coal

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 731-736
Author(s):  
Y.S. Abdrakhmanov ◽  
P.O. Bykov ◽  
A.V. Bogomolov
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Aluminum Electrolysis ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Petroleum Pitch ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Scientific Substantiation

The object of the research work was coal fines and processes of enrichment of Ekibastuz coal to produce fuel briquettes with increased calorific value and less ash content. Research, scientific substantiation of technology for obtaining high-calorific coal briquettes from fines of Ekibastuz coal, using various binders and the possibility of further coking, designing and manufacturing equipment for the implementation of technology, was made. The standard methods of theoretical and experimental research widely used in metallurgy, machine building, computer systems, etc. were used in the work. The characteristics of briquettes on bio-binding and on petroleum pitch with enrichers in the form of rubber-technical soot and anode dust of electrolysis cell for aluminum production have been established. It is revealed that the calorific value of briquettes is higher than that of Ekibastuz coal (Pavlodar region) by 20-40%, and the heating value is the highest for briquettes with an enrichment agent in the form of anode dust and a binder in the form of petroleum pitch (-NH combustion = 6840.8 kcal / kg). Briquettes on petroleum pitch with an enrichment agent in the form of anodic dust of aluminum electrolysis can be used as industrial briquettes for further use in metallurgy.

Analysis of Long-Term Observation of Highway Arch Bridge Oparno

2016 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Kolínský ◽  
Jan L. Vítek
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Bridge Construction ◽  
Final State ◽  
Arch Bridge ◽  
Arch Bridges ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with evaluation of experimental data collected during the Oparno arch bridge construction and with subsequent analysis of the construction process and long-term behavior with regard to rheological properties of concrete. The Oparno valley bridge is composed of two separate concrete arch structures with spans of 135 metres (this is currently the second longest span of concrete arch bridge in the Czech Republic). It was built using cantilever casting technology with temporary cable-stays and auxiliary pylons. The data recorded for this study include detailed geodetic measurement of the bridge structure during construction, along with measured strains and temperatures in the arches. Most of the data was measured during the bridge construction in 2008 and 2009. Data significant for long term behavior of structure are still being collected. Verification of different concrete material models and their suitability for design of arch bridges built by free cantilevering will be a main result of the analysis. On the basis of a detailed comparison of numerical results and measured deflections, strains and temperatures, it is possible to quantify the impact of rheological properties of the material (or their individual input parameters) on the resulting structural behavior. Unlike previous research, the examined structure is made of reinforced concrete (not prestressed) and consists of compact solid section and in the final state it is mainly in compression.

scholarly journals AB0233 REASONS AND RISK FACTOR FOR DISCONTINUATION OF BIOLOGIC AGENTS FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS IN LONG-TERM OBSERVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1142.3-1143
Author(s):  
K. Terabe ◽  
N. Takahashi ◽  
S. Asai ◽  
Y. Hirano ◽  
Y. Kanayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Biologic Agent ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agent Treatment

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who failed a first biologic agent due to any reasons have the option of switching to a second one along with the strategy of biologic agent treatment. Patients go over switching to the next one at failing their biologic agent. On the other hand, there are some patients who discontinue any biologic agent treatment due to various reasons such as tolerability concern, complications, economic issue, remission and so on1 2. The impact of this concern has been less studied.Objectives:The objective of this study was to investigate the reasons and the risk factors for discontinuation any biologic agent in RA patients.Methods:To Include patients who are observed long-term, patients who underwent biologic agent treatment between 2003 and 2007 at Nagoya University Hospital and 12 other institutes (Tsurumai Biologics Communication Study Group) were enrolled. 570 patients who were confirmed continuation or discontinuation of biologic agent treatment were enrolled. The last observation was September 2017. We analyzed the retention rate of biologic agent treatment and the reasons for discontinuation. To identify the risks for discontinuation, baseline demographics were compared between the continuing group and the disc continuing group using cox hazard regression analysis.Results:In total 570 patients, the average duration of treatment with biologics was 6.6±3.3 (years) and total patient-year was 3739 in this study. 458 patients were administered biologics continuously, 112 patients were withdrawn. Table 1 showed the demographic data in total patients. The retention rate was 96.0% (discontinuation n=23) at least 1 year from starting biologics treatment, 92.6% (n=42) at 3 years, 88.2% (n=67) at 5 years, 84.4% (n=89) at 7 years, 81.1% (n=108) at 10 years. In 112 patients who discontinued, the reasons were adverse events in 74 patients, lack of effectiveness in 11 patients, others in 27 patients. Comparison of incidence for discontinuation using cumulative hazard function, the reason of adverse events was significantly higher than others reasons (Figure 1). To identify the risks of discontinuation, we analyzed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling in patients who discontinued treatment due to adverse events, the risk factors (hazard ratio: HR, confidence interval: CI) were over 3 of Steinblocker class (HR 1.85 [1.02-2.04]), age (HR:1.07 [1.04-1.10]) and Non-concomitant with methotrexate (HR 1.90 [1.08-3.33]) (Figure 2).Table 1.Age (years)56.1 ± 13.4Gender n (% male)110 (19%) n (% female)460 (81%)Disease duration (years)11.1 ± 9.8stage 1,2104 (19%) 3,4455 (81%)class 1,2336 (60%) 3,4225 (40%)Methotrexate use, no (%)400 (70%)Glucocorticoid use, no (%)262 (47%)Rheumatoid Factor, no (%)287 (65%)anti CCP antibody, no (%)137 (87%)Conclusion:The most common reason for discontinuation was adverse events in long term observation. The risk factors for discontinuation were class, age, and non-concomitant MTX. These results suggested that comorbidity has a significant impact on continuation rates because there are some reasons of non-concomitant MTX in addition to relate with age and the activities of daily living.References:[1]Marussa B, et al. j.clin thera. 2011; 33(7): 901-913[2]Alejandro S, et al. Rheumatol. 2016; 55(3): 523-34Disclosure of Interests:KENYA TERABE: None declared, Nobunori Takahashi Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Ono, Pfizer, Takeda, and UCB Japan, Shuji Asai Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Takeda, and UCB Japan, Yuji Hirano Speakers bureau: Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Pfizer, Eisai, Abbie, Chugai, Bristol-Meyers, Jansen, Astellas, UCB, Eli-Lilly, Asahikasei, Daiichi-Sankyo, Amgen, Yasuhide Kanayama: None declared, Toshihisa Kojima Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Pfizer, and Takeda, Consultant of: AbbVie, Grant/research support from: Chugai, Eli Lilly, Astellas, Abbvie, and Novartis

scholarly journals Eritrea’s Chosen Trauma and the Legacy of the Martyrs: The Impact of Postmemory on Political Identity Formation of Second-Generation Diaspora Eritreans

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Nicole Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Social Media Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
The Impact

In the collective memory of Eritreans, the liberation struggle against Ethiopia symbolises the heroic fight of their fallen martyrs against oppression. After independence, the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front created an autocratic regime, which is adored by many second-generation diaspora Eritreans living in democracies. I engage with bodies of literature exploring the political importance of collective trauma in post-conflict societies and apply two theoretical notions, “postmemory” and “chosen trauma,” to explain how the government’s narrative of Eritrean history produced a culture of nationalism through the glorification of the martyrs. This narrative and the trauma experienced by their parents created experiences of postmemory among the second-generation diaspora that have influenced their worldview. I demonstrate how Eritrean pro-government activists utilise US-born artists who recently discovered their Eritreanness, such as Tiffany Haddish, to instil long-distance nationalism. The article is based on a social media analysis, long-term observation of Eritrean diaspora communities, and recent fieldwork.

scholarly journals Atrial functional mitral regurgitation in patients qualified for pulmonary vein isolation: a negative prognostic factor for catheter ablation efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cichon ◽  
M Wybraniec ◽  
M Mizia-Szubryt ◽  
K Mizia-Stec
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Isolation ◽  
Functional Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AF-MR) related to atrial fibrillation (AF) could affect the effectiveness of the sinus rhythm restoring procedures. Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of AF-MR on pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) efficacy. Methods One hundred thirty-six patients (65.4% males; mean age 56±11 years) with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF qualified for PVI were enrolled into the study. AF-MR assessment was performed in transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography before PVI procedure. PVI efficacy was evaluated in 3-month and long-term follow-up. Results AF-MR was diagnosed in 74.3% patient in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (trace: 26.5%, mild: 43.4%, moderate: 3.7%, severe 0.7%) and 94.9% in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (trace: 17.6%, mild: 59.6%, moderate: 16.2%, severe: 1.5%). PVI 3-month efficacy was 75.7% in 3-month and 64% in the long-term observation. Severe AF-MR in TEE at baseline was associated with lower 3-month PVI efficacy (P=0.012) while moderate to severe AF MR in TEE was related to inefficient PVI assessed in long-term follow-up (P=0.041). In Kaplan- Meier analysis only moderate to severe AF-MR diagnosed in TEE had an impact on long-term procedure outcome (P=0.048). Conclusions Significant AF-MR confirmed by TEE predicts 3-month as well as long-term PVI efficacy. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The institutional budget of the First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

Unpacking commercial gentrification in central Paris

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 3135-3150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Bantman-Masum
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Residential Tourism ◽  
The Impact

This article documents the complex course of commercial upgrading in four neighbourhoods of central Paris, a slow process in which transnational flows and state intervention play an outsized role. The data was collected at 20 independent coffee shops located in the West 11th district and supplemented by long-term observation of the business mix evolution. The article focuses on the impact of geographic mobility – including migration and residential tourism – in the rapid development of upmarket alternatives to French cafes and bistros. It goes on to explain how political intervention/deregulation facilitated capital investment in commercial real estate. It then discusses the culturally informed perceptions that helped define desirable forms of consumption for France. The article demonstrates the extent to which cross-border flows influenced commercial gentrification, and calls for further research into the complex interplay of local, transnational, private and public forces driving urban change.

scholarly journals Differences in Levels of Biomarkers of Potential Harm among Users of a Heat-not-burn Tobacco Product, Cigarette Smokers, and Never-Smokers in Japan: A Post-Marketing Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Sakaguchi ◽  
Yasufumi Nagata ◽  
Akira Kikuchi ◽  
Yuki Takeshige ◽  
Naoki Minami
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Cigarette smoking is associated with the risk of certain diseases, but non-combustible products may lower these risks. The potential long-term health effects of the next-generation non-combustible products (heat-not-burn tobacco products (HNBP) or electronic vapor products) have not been thoroughly studied. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) of one of HNBP (a novel vapor product: NTV), under the conditions of actual use. Methods This study was an observational, cross-sectional, three-group, multi-center study. Exclusive NTV users (NTV, n = 259), conventional cigarette smokers (CC, n = 100) and never-smokers (NS, n=100) were enrolled. Biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure (cotinine and total NNAL) and BoPH including parameters of physical pulmonary functions relevant to smoking-related diseases were examined, and subjects answered a questionnaire on cough-related symptoms (J-LCQ) and health-related quality of life (SF-36v2®). Results Levels of cotinine, total NNAL and BoPH (HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, sICAM-1, WBC count, 11-DHTXB2, 2,3-d-TXB2, 8-epi-PGF2α, FEV1, %FEV1 and FEF25-75) were significantly different in the NTV group as compared to levels in CC group (p<0.05). Significantly higher levels of cotinine, total NNAL, and 2,3-d-TXB2, and lower levels of FEV1 and %FEV1, were observed among NVT users compared to the NS group. Conclusion In a post-marketing study under actual use conditions, BoPH associated with smoking-related disease examined in exclusive NTV users were found to be favorably different from those of CC smokers, a finding attributable to a reduction in exposure to harmful substances of tobacco smoke. Implications Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of pulmonary diseases like COPD, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. There is a growing body of evidence that HNBP reduces the exposure associated with smoking and that there is a favorable change in BoPH. However, long-term effects regarding the relative health risks to HNBP users compared to CC smokers have not been examined. This study provides post-marketing data under actual use conditions of the effects on biomarkers of potential harm in NTV, one of HNBP, exclusive users compared to CC smokers and never-smokers. The evidence suggests that exclusive NTV users have favorable levels of BoPH compared to CC smokers, and that is result from a sustained reduction in exposure to harmful substances of tobacco smoke.

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