Problems of evidence in occupational medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 740-749
Author(s):  
Leonid A. Strizhakov ◽  
Sergey A. Babanov ◽  
Denis V. Vinnikov ◽  
Igor I. Berezin ◽  
Anna S. Agarkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Occupational Epidemiology ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Industrial Medicine ◽  
The Russian Federation

We devoted this article to the problem of causation and evaluation of causality associations in the occupational epidemiology, exposure assessment, occupational health, and industrial medicine using methodological approaches of clinical epidemiology, for which the term "evidence-based medicine" is wider used in the Russian Federation. The researchers paid some attention to the historical aspects of causality assessment in occupational medicine in the Russian Federation. The authors discuss the issues of evidence in occupational medicine, planning, and implementation of epidemiological studies in occupational therapy using specialized questionnaires and clinical, functional, molecular, and genetic techniques. We analyzed the concept of the "risk factor" of the disease along with the organizational and methodological bases of assessment and management of occupational risks in industrial medicine. The paper also offers applied examples of the relative risk assessment, highlighting the advantages and perils of selected methods in a comparative analysis. Scientists have affected the contribution of systematic reviews aiming to mine evidence-based rationale in occupational epidemiology. The authors speculate and conclude on the importance of risk assessment in the overall morbidity reduction in occupational medicine through efficient prevention programs, along with the underpinnings to include work-related conditions in the national loss of occupational diseases.

Residential fire risk assessment and management

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
A. A. Tanygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hazard Levels

Introduction. The article analyzes statistical data for the period of 2006-2018 and presents an assessment of fire hazard levels in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which were determined on the basis of an integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk. It also considers the problems of assessing fire hazard in the residential sector as in a complex social and economic systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the levels of fire hazard and build a model for managing fire risks in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Research methods. To solve the research problems, the methods of system analysis, statistical analysis, mathematical statistics, etc. were used. Research results. A number of statistical dependencies of the fire situation in the Russian Federation have been analyzed and obtained. The indicators with the most fire hazardous level in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were determined by calculation. A block diagram of a model for managing fire risks in the residential sector using the integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk (ISEPPR) is built. Conclusion. The values of the fire hazard levels obtained in the work and the model of fire risk management in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation make it possible to improve management decisions in the field of supervisory activities and preventive work of the Federal State Fire Supervision Authorities. Keywords: residential sector, integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk, risk assessment, level of fire hazard

Working conditions and occupational morbidity as a basis for risk management

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
N.A. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Russian Federation

The results of studies are presented, they allow to formulate recommendations on principal problems of unification in the field of statistics of occupational diseases. There are several definitions of occupational diseases in Russia, but they are outdated and do not correspond to the concept of occupational risk recognized in the Labour Code of the Russian Federation. It is proposed to adopt the WHO concept of work-related illnesses and give it a legal status.

scholarly journals Environmental niche modelling as tool for pest risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
A. N. Afonin* ◽  
Yu. Yu. Kulakova ◽  
Yu. A. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Pest Risk Assessment ◽  
Quarantine Species ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pest Risk

The article reviews the concept and technology of pest risk assessment for the spread of quarantine species based on ecological and geographical analysis and ecological niche modeling. Using a quarantine species Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. as an example, we calculated the ecological requirements of the species. The main ecological factors limiting the spread of I. hederacea were determined and the ecological amplitudes of the species in relation to each factor limiting its distribution were quantitatively estimated. We identified ecologically suitable habitats and compiled a map of the ecological-geographical niche of the species using specially created environmental maps based on the obtained data of the ecological limits of the species. Using the map of the ecological-geographical niche, the I. hederacea distribution risk in the regions of the Russian Federation was estimated. Similar maps can be used for basis of quantitative as well as targeted risk assessment of penetration and establishment of harmful organisms. Obtained information will be useful to compile lists of quarantine species, estimate the potential areas of geographic distribution of pests into Russian Federation, and make decisions for introduction of effective phytosanitary measures to prevent the penetration of these invasive organisms. It can also be used as the basis for organizing and conducting phytosanitary monitoring in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Risk-Based surveillance as a strategic tool to improve food safety in the russian consumer market

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1398-1406
Author(s):  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Irina V. May
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. Protecting consumers’ lives and health in a condition when the number of producers and the variety of food products is continually growing is one of the state’s strategic tasks and the goals of the administrative reform in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization of the existing in international practice methodological approaches and criteria to assess product safety in planning control and supervision activities, assessing the risk of harm to human health, applied the comparative legal method, methods of mathematical modeling and other methods used when searching legal and analytical research. Results. A risk-oriented model of control and supervisory activities for food safety is proposed and tested. The model is built under the general principles of the risk assessment methodology and is based on the analysis of the results of previous checks, studies and trials, data from epidemiological studies and relevant scientific literature. The model assumes three successively implemented stages: the categorization (classification) of the economic entity’s activities according to the potential risk of harm to health. Target - to select facilities for the most frequent and in-depth inspections by the supervisory authorities. The second stage is the classification of food products according to the potential risk to consumer health to justify the types of food products subject to priority supervision during scheduled inspections of economic entities. The third stage is constructing “risk profiles” of certain products to optimize laboratory control of food safety. Discussion. The construction of risk-oriented control based on the principle of step-by-step substantiation and clarification of supervision objects was shown to ensure the targeting of authority and an increase in inspection pressure on precisely those objects that are characterized by the most frequent violations of legal requirements with the most severe and large-scale consequences for health. Increasing the control density at the highest risk categories’ facilities does not require additional resources from the regulator. It is still implemented by removing facilities with moderate or low risk from planned supervision and optimizing laboratory support. Conclusion. Work out and implement a risk-based food safety surveillance model corresponds to the strategic vector of development of state control (supervision) in the Russian Federation. The system assumes that “risky” goods are unsafe for the consumer’s health. Accordingly, their producers, distributors, and sellers should be under robust inspection, including laboratory supervision, and precisely according to those indicators for which these risks are most significant. The system is in a dynamic state and development.

scholarly journals Some approaches to the legal interpretation of the terms "verification" and "authentication"

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Nikita Nikolayevich Makolkin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
New Type ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Intensive Development

In this article, the author attempts to formulate the problem of the absence of a clear regulatory fixation of the terms "verification" and "authentication" in the legal field of the Russian Federation. In order to overcome the existing uncertainty, the study proposes a scientifically based approach to the interpretation of the above evidence, based both on the linguistic features of these terms and on their interpretation by foreign lawyers, their commonly used meanings. In the course of this study, the authors have found that there is a gap in the legislation, which leaves unresolved issues of verification and authentication, as well as online accessibility of justice, which, given the existing realities, allows talking about some belated responses of the judicial system to the current challenges of our time, which in particular showed the spread of a new type of coronavirus infection COVID-19. At the same time, it is emphasized that the formation of non-standard situations is a kind of trigger and catalyst for the accelerated intensive development.    

scholarly journals Сriteria and algorithms of work-relatedness assessment of workers’ health disorders.

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
E. I. Denisov ◽  
G. N. Lagutina ◽  
V. F. Pfaf ◽  
P. V. Chesalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Work Related ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Medical Examinations

An analysis of the literature and an essay on the problem of recognizing the diseases of workers — diagnosis and causation(work-relatedness assessment) are given. A historical reference is made on the etiology of workers’ diseases and the statements of the classics about the causality in medicine. The main categories of occupational medicine and terminology of the WHO and ILO, the principles of evidence in occupational health are considered. The WHO concept of work-related diseases (WRD), occupational disease (OD) recognition systems under ILO Convention No. 121, features of the ILO occupational diseases list (revision 2010), and the criteria for inclusion of diseases in this list are presented.The general provisions of causation, types of causation algorithms in consensus and evidence-based medicine, as well as a generalized algorithm for analyzing periodic medical examinations data are considered. The European experience of recognition of WRD is considered. Based on experience and literature data, we propose a 10-step causation algorithm, including forecasting the probability of OD and WRD, as well as quantifying the degree of work-relatedness with computer support programs from the electronic directory «Occupational Risk» (http://medtrud. com/). It is concluded that legal recognition of WRD is needed for early diagnosis and prophylaxis of workers’ health disorders in conditions of digitalization of the economy and society.

About Some Measures for Autonomization and Optimization of Administrative and Tort Proceedings in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
А.I. Stakhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Supervisory Relationship ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Tort Litigation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Code ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
And Control

The article reveals the problems that unite the judicial reform with the reform of the Institute of administrative responsibility and control and Supervisory activities, which are currently being carried out in the Russian Federation in parallel. In this regard, the research focuses on the key connecting element of these reforms, namely: administrative torts detected in the course of control and Supervisory activities. Presents the scientific analysis allows to understand the administrative-procedural content of control and supervision, to justify the separation of this state activities for centralized and decentralized types, to allocate the administrative and disposable administratrative punishable offences entailing the use of complex special administrative coercive measures extrajudicial and judicial administrative and procedural matters to make the conclusion about the necessity of separating judicial and administrative tort cases arising from the Supervisory relationship, among the total number of administrative cases assigned to the jurisdiction of the courts. In strict accordance with the principles and norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, autonomy is justified (separation in judicial administrative proceedings) administrative and tort proceedings. The ranking of administrative and tort proceedings on the main and derivative types is carried out, the consolidation is justified) punitive and restorative administrative and tort proceedings. Conducted a comprehensive review of administrative tort proceedings, enshrined in the APC, СAP and Administrative Code. The results of the analysis put forward evidence-based conceptual proposals on optimization of administrative-tort litigation, which can be implemented in the course of the country's judicial reform in conjunction with reform of legislation on administrative offences and regulatory activities.

Application of Risk Assessment While Assigning the Surface Width of Multi-Lane Roads

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Н. В. Щеголева ◽  
В. В. Столяров ◽  
А. В. Кочетков
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Transverse Profile ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Regulatory Performance

Постановка задачи. Рассматривается задача назначения ширины покрытия многополосных дорог на основе риск-ориентированного подхода в соответствии с Федеральным законом Российской Федерации № 184-ФЗ «О техническом регулировании». Результаты. Впервые представлена применимость алгоритма оценки риска взаимодействия транспортных средств на многополосных дорогах на примере назначения требуемой ширины шестиполосной автомагистрали. На основе оценок риска решены следующие проблемы: определены требуемые параметры ширины покрытия для нормативных документов; установлены допустимые величины ширины покрытия при проектировании автомагистралей; даны рекомендации по совершенствованию поперечного профиля существующих автомобильных дорог при капитальном ремонте и реконструкции. Выводы. Установлено, что в нормативных документах по проектированию шестиполосных автомобильных дорог при проектном составе транспортных средств следует предусмотреть изменение нормированной ширины покрытия, увеличив ее до значения, при котором риск столкновения автомобилей не превысит допустимой величины 1⸱10. Statement of the problem. The problem of ensuring the safety of vehicles on a multi-lane roadway of the required width of coverage is considered on the basis of a risk-oriented approach, in accordance with the Federal law of the Russian Federation No. 184-FZ «on Technical Regulation». Results. The authors presented the applicability of the algorithm to assess the risk of interaction of vehicles on six-lane highways for determining regulatory performance; the required values of surfacing thickness for the design have been identified; recommendations on the improvement of the transverse profile when major repairs and reconstruction have been provided. Conclusions. It was found that in normative documents for designing six-lane roads, the design vehicle should provide the change of normalized coating thickness, increasing it to values where the risk of collision of vehicles does not exceed the permissible value.

Integral method for evaluating the activity results of main offices of EMERCOM of Russia for the subjects of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Александр Васильевич Матюшин ◽  
Юрий Александрович Матюшин ◽  
Александр Георгиевич Фирсов ◽  
Валентина Сергеевна Гончаренко
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Object Of Control ◽  
Damage Risk

Предложена математическая модель и рассчитаны значения риска причинения вреда (ущерба) в результате пожаров в субъекте Российской Федерации. Субъекты Российской Федерации распределены по категориям уровня обеспечения пожарной безопасности в зависимости от расчетного значения риска причинения вреда (ущерба) в результате пожаров в субъекте Российской Федерации. Предложены оценки результатов деятельности ГУ МЧС России в зависимости от риска причинения вреда (ущерба) и категории уровня обеспечения пожарной безопасности, к которому отнесены субъекты Российской Федерации. The regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation establish that the criteria for assigning objects of control to the categories of damage risk should be formed based on the results of the damage risk assessment. In the developed countries of the world, as a rule, the distribution of objects of control by risk categories is used to justify the frequency of their inspections and is carried out depending either on the point risk assessment or on the number and seriousness of violations of mandatory fire safety requirements identified during the inspection of the object of control. In the literature sources there are no mathematical models for determining the damage risk as a result of a fire in buildings for evaluating the activity results of fire authorities (Main offices of EMERCOM of Russia). The purpose of this work was to develop and test a mathematical model for evaluating the activity and rating of the Main offices of EMERCOM of Russia for the subjects of the Russian Federation based on the category of fire safety level. As a criterion for assigning the subjects of the Russian Federation to different categories of fire safety level it is proposed to use the damage risk as a result of a fire in buildings located on the territory of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation. The mathematical model has been developed to determine the damage risk of causing harm (damage) as a result of a fire in a building and there is given its assessment for buildings on the territory of each subject of the Russian Federation. There was carried out the distribution of the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the categories of fire safety based on the calculated value of damage risk. It is shown that such distribution significantly depends on the objectivity of statistical information on fires and the number of buildings on the territory of each subject of the Russian Federation. The assessment of the activity results for each of 86 EMERCOM of Russia Main offices was made and they were rated based on the category of fire safety level of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation.

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