Patterns of Free Fatty Acids, Glycerol, D-β-Hydroxybutyrate and Insulin in Pregnant Women and Their Newborn Infants: Effects of a Low and a High Insulin Response to Glucose in the Mothers

I think it is important to stress that the dose of Intralipid used in the study in the amount of 1 gm/kg over a four-hour infusion was selected for two major reasons. The first reason was that the dose was the one used by Andrew and others in the initial studies of Intralipid clearance in newborn infants. We wanted to compare the peak levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides in our patients following a similar dose given over a similar period of time.

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METABOLISM OF [2-14C] PYRUVATE IN NORMAL, ACROMEGALIC AND HGH-TREATED HUMAN SUBJECTS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0650155 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 155-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

W. W. Shreeve ◽

E. Cerasi ◽

R. Luft

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Marked Reduction ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Human Growth ◽

Pyruvate Oxidation ◽

High Insulin ◽

Low Glucose ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT In 4 studies on 3 acromegalic patients, who had normal iv glucose tolerance and high insulin response to infused glucose (Al), the oxidation to 14CO2 of [2-14C] pyruvate (injected intravenously in trace amount after overnight fast) was not different from that in 9 studies of 9 nonacromegalic »high insulin responders« (Ni). In 4 studies on 3 other acromegalic patients, who had low glucose tolerance and less insulin response to glucose (A2), the formation of 14CO2 was reduced to ½–⅔ that of Al or N1 and was about proportionate to the reduction in glucose tolerance. In A2 the 14CO2 formation was slightly lower than the mean for 10 studies with 7 non-acromegalic subjects, who were »low insulin responders« with normal or low glucose tolerance (N2). Among non-acromegalics expiration of 14CO2 was significantly lower in N2 than in N1. Among 4 non-acromegalic subjects treated with human growth hormone for 3–4 days one had a marked reduction in pyruvate oxidation, while all had a decrease in glucose tolerance. Analysis of 14C in blood glucose at 60 minutes after injection of [2-14C]pyruvate suggested that slightly more total 14C-glucose was present in A2 than N1 without any differences between A2 and N2 or N1 and N2. Two out of 4 studies in A1 showed lower than normal amounts of 14Cglucose. No change in 14C-glucose occurred after administration of HGH. The findings suggest that impairment of pyruvate oxidation accompanies a lowered glucose tolerance in acromegalics with a diabetic tendency. Changes in gluconeogenesis from pyruvate appear to be minimal.

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FURTHER STUDIES ON HEALTHY SUBJECTS WITH LOW AND HIGH INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0550305 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 305-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Erol Cerasi ◽

Rolf Luft

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

The Family ◽

High Insulin ◽

History Of ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT In a previous paper it was shown that 15 out of 85 healthy subjects with a normal intravenous glucose tolerance demonstrated a low plasma insulin response to glucose infusion which was similar to that obtained in diabetic subjects. In the present paper it has been shown that the type of insulin response to glucose infusion was the same when the test was repeated. Low insulin responders to glucose infusion, as a group, also showed low insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide and oral glucose. This indicates that the type of insulin response is characteristic for a given subject irrespective of the stimulation used. There seemed to be no difference in the occurrence of diabetes in the family history of the groups of low and high insulin responders.

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Insulin Response to Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity is Elevated in Rats Fed Diets Low in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ◽

10.3177/jnsv.40.115 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 115-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Misako TANIGUCHI ◽

Chizuru KINOSHITA ◽

Yoko SHOJI ◽

Keiko INOUE

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

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GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF HEALTHY MOTHERS: ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE MOTHERS' INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0780044 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 44-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karin Edström ◽

Erol Cerasi ◽

Rolf Luft ◽

Bengt Persson ◽

Berlil Thalme

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

K Value ◽

High Insulin ◽

The Mean ◽

Low Insulin Response

ABSTRACT It has earlier been postulated that a low insulin response to a glucose infusion is characteristic for the prediabetic individual (Cerasi & Luft 1967c). There is also evidence that some infants of individuals with low insulin response might have a carbohydrate metabolism that is in some respects similar to that of newborn infants to diabetic mothers (Edström et al. 1974). In the present study 15 infants to low insulin responders (ILR) and 22 infants to high insulin responders (IHR) were subjected to an intravenous glucose load (IVGTT) at 2–24 h age. A significant difference in glucose tolerance was found between the groups, the mean k-value for the ILR being 1.39 ± 0.41 and that for the IHR 1.05 ± 0.09 (P < 0.05). No mothers were found to have a gestational diabetes (with the possible exception of one low insulin responders) but during late pregnancy the mean k-value at IVGTT in the low responders decreased from nonpregnant values (the mean difference being 0.41 ± 0.20, P < 0.025) while the high responders did not show a corresponding decrease (mean difference 0.12 ± 0.25, P > 0.05). No other differences between the groups of infants that could influence the k-value could be found apart from the mothers being low or high insulin responders. Our findings show that a low insulin response in the mothers might affect the glucose tolerance of the foetus even in the absence of continuous maternal hyperglycaemia in late pregnancy.

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Hormonal dose–response to an adenosine receptor agonist

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y94-018 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 113-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jacques LeBlanc ◽

Julie Soucy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Adenosine Receptor ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Receptor Agonist ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Male Rats ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Adenosine Receptor Agonist ◽

Pituitary Adrenal Axis

The effect of various doses of i.p. injection of the adenosine receptor agonist (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA), ranging from nanomolar to micromolar concentrations, on plasma levels of free fatty acids, glucose, insulin, glucagon, ACTH, and corticosterone was examined in 200-g male rats. At the lowest dose of R-PIA (0.005 μmol/kg), a marked decrease in plasma insulin and free fatty acids was observed. This effect on free fatty acids persisted up to the highest concentration of R-PIA (50 μmol/kg). The insulin response showed a similar pattern except at the highest concentration, when the plasma levels were within normal ranges. A 100% increase in plasma glucose was found, but only with doses of 0.5 μmol/kg and above, suggesting an A2 receptor influence, possibly related to the elevation of plasma glucagon observed with the same doses of R-PIA. It has been shown that caffeine, an antagonist of adenosine, stimulates the pituitary–adrenal axis. Surprisingly, it was shown that R-PIA produces the same effect, as evidenced by the marked elevation of both plasma ACTH and corticosterone at concentrations of 0.5 μmol/kg and higher. It is suggested that this centrally mediated effect is due to a primary peripheral action.Key words: adenosine, glucose, free fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, ACTH, corticosterone.

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CONCENTRATIONS OF TRIGLYCERIDES, FREE FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL IN CORD BLOOD OF NEWBORN INFANTS WITH A BIRTH WEIGHT OF ≤2700 GRAMS

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/j.1651-2227.1977.tb07805.x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

NIELS CHRISTIAN CHRISTENSEN

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Newborn Infants

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Plasma Levels of Free Fatty Acids in Women with Gestational Diabetes and Its Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/7098470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jose Rafael Villafan-Bernal ◽

Mariana Acevedo-Alba ◽

Rodrigo Reyes-Pavon ◽

Guillermo Andres Diaz-Parra ◽

Diana Lucia Lip-Sosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Induce Insulin Resistance ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Background. Free fatty acids, also known as nonesterified fatty acids, are proinflammatory molecules that induce insulin resistance in nonpregnant individuals. Nevertheless, the concentration of these molecules has not been systematically addressed in pregnant women. Objective. This meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the difference in free fatty acid plasma levels between women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant controls and their intrinsic and extrinsic determinants. Methods. We performed a systematic search to find relevant studies published in English and Spanish using PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Knowledge. We included observational studies measuring the mean plasma levels of free fatty acids among gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women, with at least ten subjects being analyzed in each group. The standardized mean difference (SMD) by random effects modeling was used. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q, H, and I2 statistics. Results. Among the 290 identified studies, twelve were selected for analysis. A total of 2426 women were included, from which 21% were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes. There were significantly higher levels of free fatty acids among women with gestational diabetes (SMD: 0.86; 0.54-1.18; p<0.001) when compared to healthy pregnant controls and between-study heterogeneity (I2=91%). The metaregression analysis showed that the gestational age at inclusion was the only cofactor influencing the mean levels of free fatty acids, indicating a trend towards lower plasma levels of free fatty acids later in gestation (estimate: -0.074; -0.143 to -0.004; p=0.036). No significant publication bias was found nor a trend towards greater results in small studies. Conclusions. Women with gestational diabetes have higher levels of free fatty acids when compared to healthy pregnant controls. More investigation is needed to assess the potential role of free fatty acids in the prediction of gestational diabetes earlier in pregnancy.

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