scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: A measure using election promise implementation score

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
The Usa

<p><i>This paper introduces a measure of citizen ownership of the state, which works with empirical data. The paper defines citizen ownership of the state as a condition where whatever the majority of citizens want is implemented. In the present-day large scale state, whatever the majority of citizens want is expressed in the election promises of the winning party, alliance or individuals. The paper argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. It models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach works with empirical data. The test finds the citizen ownership of the state in the USA at 70.7 percent and the party intrusion into the ownership at 29.3 percent during the tenure.</i>.</p>

scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: A measure using election promise implementation score

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
The Usa

<p><i>This paper introduces a measure of citizen ownership of the state, which works with empirical data. The paper defines citizen ownership of the state as a condition where whatever the majority of citizens want is implemented. In the present-day large scale state, whatever the majority of citizens want is expressed in the election promises of the winning party, alliance or individuals. The paper argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. It models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach works with empirical data. The test finds the citizen ownership of the state in the USA at 70.7 percent and the party intrusion into the ownership at 29.3 percent during the tenure.</i>.</p>

scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: Definition and measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Promise Keeping

<p>This paper defines citizen ownership of the state as the implementation of election promises. It argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. To explain the definition, the paper models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach to the measurement of promise-keeping works with empirical data. The test proves the new approach crucially improved compared to existing approaches and the findings are found interesting.</p>

scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: Definition and measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Promise Keeping

<p>This paper defines citizen ownership of the state as the implementation of election promises. It argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. To explain the definition, the paper models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach to the measurement of promise-keeping works with empirical data. The test proves the new approach crucially improved compared to existing approaches and the findings are found interesting.</p>

scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: Definition and measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Promise Keeping

<p>This paper defines citizen ownership of the state as the implementation of election promises. It argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. To explain the definition, the paper models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach to the measurement of promise-keeping works with empirical data. The test proves the new approach crucially improved compared to existing approaches and the findings are found interesting.</p>

scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: Definition and measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Promise Keeping

<p>This paper defines citizen ownership of the state as the implementation of election promises. It argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. To explain the definition, the paper models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach to the measurement of promise-keeping works with empirical data. The test proves the new approach crucially improved compared to existing approaches and the findings are found interesting.</p>

Public Wealth in USA: Distribution and Financing

2014 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
A. Shlikhter
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
George Bush ◽  
The Usa

The article focuses on the state regulation and financing of public wealth in the USA. The author analyses historical trends in managing of state social programs within the system “federation – states – local units”. Special attention is given to the concepts and practices of federative relations in the context of US socioeconomic development. The article also evaluates the reforms of state machinery conducted during the terms of Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George Bush (Jr.) and Barack Obama administrations.

A Test of Conscience Without Indispensable Norms: Niklas Luhmann’s War on Terror

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Werber
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
The Usa

AbstractIn Niklas Luhmann’s social theory, the state of exception does not exist. His monographs presuppose the »normal« functioning of communication in world society, and this means that the borders of function systems and the differences between media and codes remain intact. Politics is politics, law is law, etc. But is this still true in the case of large scale terror attacks? In the question he posed to jurists in Heidelberg - whether »indispensable norms« are still valid - Luhmann opens a fissure in the heart of normality. By using the scenario of a »ticking bomb,« Luhmann parades the aporias of function codes before our eyes. The state of exception is normatively undecidable, but requires a decision nevertheless. These are the »hard cases« and the »tragic choices.« The essay plays out various scenarios involving dilemmas of decision in moral, legal, political, and mass-media communication and arrives at a type of »aprincipled maneuvering« that places systems theory astonishingly close to the modes of amoral theories current in the USA since »9/11«.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

Economic Way of Thought and Legislationon Nonprofit Organizations

2012 ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
L. Yakobson
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Social Medium ◽  
The State ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

The article considers proper legislation as an essential prerequisite for actualization of NPOs comparative advantages. Restrictions imposed on NPOs are reasonable if they are compensated by benefits from greater trust. The rigidity of constrains and requirements should be optimized while accounting for peculiarities of a social medium, the state of the nonprofit sector, and the governments readiness to encourage the development of the latter. As empirical data suggests, Russian NPOs being on different stages of maturity need separate legal treatment. In the meanwhile, interests that prevail in the NPOs community are not always conducive to rapid changes.

Is economic inequality a universal evil?

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
A Current

Using published estimates of inequality for two countries (Russia and USA) the paper demonstrates that inequality measuring still remains in the state of “statistical cacophony”. Under this condition, it seems at least untimely to pass categorical normative judgments and offer radical political advice for governments. Moreover, the mere practice to draw normative conclusions from quantitative data is ethically invalid since ordinary people (non-intellectuals) tend to evaluate wealth and incomes as admissible or inadmissible not on the basis of their size but basing on whether they were obtained under observance or violations of the rules of “fair play”. The paper concludes that a current large-scale ideological campaign of “struggle against inequality” has been unleashed by left-wing intellectuals in order to strengthen even more their discursive power over the public.

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