scholarly journals Detecting the coral bleaching at the coral reefs of Son Tra peninsula and Cu Lao Cham Island in the South central coast region of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Duong Cong Vinh Duong
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
General Information ◽  
Bleached Coral ◽  
South Central ◽  
Degree Heating Weeks ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coast Region

Coral bleaching events are of concern globally because of their adverse effect on the coral reef ecosystem. However, there is a lack of observed bleaching in many coral reefs in Vietnam, leading to difficulty in implementing the suitable management and protection solutions. The study aims to provide general information about coral bleaching in ST and CLC basing on bleaching alerts of NOAA Coral Reef Watch in 2019. Field data was collected by a photographic method for analyzing and classifying bleached coral. The results showed that coral reefs experienced low bleaching by an average of 8.86% and 9.09% in ST and CLC, respectively. In addition, the study broadly identified the relationship of sea surface temperature and Degree Heating Weeks to coral bleaching in the study area.

scholarly journals Will community calcification reflect reef accretion on future, degraded coral reefs?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coulson A. Lantz ◽  
William Leggat ◽  
Jessica L. Bergman ◽  
Alexander Fordyce ◽  
Charlotte Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Bleached Coral ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Percent Area

Abstract. Coral bleaching events continue to drive the degradation of coral reefs worldwide, causing a shift in the benthic community from coral to algae dominated ecosystems. Critically, this shift may decrease the capacity of degraded coral reef communities to maintain net positive accretion during warming-driven stress events (e.g., reef-wide coral bleaching). Here we measured rates of net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and net ecosystem production (NEP) on a degraded coral reef lagoon community (coral cover  20 %) during a reef-wide bleaching event in February of 2020 at Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef. We found that during this bleaching event, rates of community NEP and NEC across replicate transects remained positive and did not change in response to bleaching. Repeated benthic surveys over a period of 20 d indicated an increase in the percent area of bleached coral tissue, corroborated by relatively low Symbiodiniaceae densities (~0.6 × 106 cm−2) and dark-adapted photosynthetic yields in photosystem II of corals (~0.5) sampled along each transect over this period. Given that a clear decline in coral health was not reflected in the overall community NEC estimates, it is possible that elevated temperatures in the water column that compromise coral health enhanced the thermodynamic favourability for calcification in other, ahermatypic benthic calcifiers. These data suggest that positive NEC on degraded reefs may not equate to the net positive accretion of reef structure in a future, warmer ocean. Critically, our study highlights that if coral cover continues to decline as predicted, NEC may no longer be an appropriate proxy for reef growth as the proportion of the community NEC signal owed to ahermatypic calcification increases and coral dominance on the reef decreases.

scholarly journals Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary, West Coast of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Arora ◽  
Kalyan De ◽  
Nandini Ray Chaudhury ◽  
Mandar Nanajkar ◽  
Prakash Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Marginal Reefs

Coral reefs are one of the most sensitive, productive, and invaluable biological resources on the earth. However, coral reefs are facing unprecedented stress due to ongoing climate changes and intensified anthropogenic disturbances globally. Elevated Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has emerged as the most imminent threat to the thermos-sensitive reef-building corals. The 2010–2014-2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) caused prolonged marine heat waves (MHWs) that led to the most widespread coral bleaching and mortality in the tropical Indi-Pacific regions. Coral bleaching prediction is vital for the management of the reef biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and services. Recent decades, satellite remote sensing has emerged as a convenient tool for large-scale coral reef monitoring programs. As thermal stress is a critical physical attribute for coral bleaching hence, the present study examines the effectiveness of the elevated SSTs as a proxy to predict coral bleaching in shallow water marginal reefs. Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch’s (CRW) platform has been used for this study. Coral bleaching indices like Bleaching Threshold (BT), Positive SST Anomaly (PA), and Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) are computed to analyze the thermal stress on the coral reefs. The computed thermal stress from satellite-derived SST data over regions concurrence with the mass coral bleaching (MCB) events. This study concludes that in the last decades (2010 to 2019) the coral cover around these regions has dramatically declined due to higher SST, which indicates that the thermal stress induced recurrent bleaching events attributed to the coral loss.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kepadatan Bulu Babi (Echinoidea) dan Tutupan Terumbu Karang pada Kawasan Intertidal Pantai Sanur

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Tiara Permata Sari ◽  
Abd. Rahman As-syakur ◽  
Yulianto Suteja ◽  
Dwi Budi Wiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

Marine intertidal region is an area that is affected by the mainland. One of the ecosystems found in the intertidal area is the coral reef ecosystem. Urchin is one that lives on these ecosystems. Sanur Beach area has coral reefs and the intertidal zone is quite extensive. The many activities and cruise tourism in Sanur Beach will indirectly affect the life of coral reefs and associated animal in it in this case urchins. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship density of sea urchins and coral reefs cover percentage in the intertidal area on Sanur Beach. Research done during low tide. Coral reef data collection method and the density of sea urchins using 5x5m quadratic transects were analyzed using Pear Person bivariate correlations. Urchin densities ranging between 0-2.04 ind/m2. The percentage cover coral reefs ranged from 0.1- 17.9%. High and low density of sea urchins and the percentage of coral reefs affected allegedly incompatibility place their lives and because of pressure from community activities in Sanur. The density of sea urchins and the percentage of coral cover has a significant relationship with a strong degree of correlation is 0.79. Positive direction on that relationship means that the higher percentage of coral reefs, the higher density of sea urchins. This assume in which they live almost the same that is in need of a hard substrate and urchins use of coral reefs as a shelter.

People with Cloth: Mesoamerican Economic Change from the Perspective of Cotton in South-Central Veracruz

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Stark ◽  
Lynette Heller ◽  
Michael A. Ohnersorgen
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Postclassic Period ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
South Central ◽  
Preclassic Period ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the ways that textile production, exchange, and consumption were integrated into the political economy of the Gulf lowlands, Mexico, over the course of two millennia. Archaeological, botanical, and historical data concerning cotton textile production reveal that changes in the industry resulted from alterations in the cotton plant, shifts in the local political economy, and changes in the relationship of the Gulf lowlands to other key regions of Mesoamerica. Initially, textiles did not figure prominently in social displays, and there is little archaeological evidence for spinning of cotton thread. Subsequently, textile production may have been stimulated by elite substitution of locally crafted items for increasingly scarce exotic imports toward the end of Olmec times in the Preclassic period. The political and cultural stature of the Gulf lowlands increased during the Classic period in conjunction with a greater emphasis on cotton processing and use of textiles. During the Postclassic period, ruralization of once-key localities and possible conversion of the western lower Papaloapan Basin to a tributary status correlated with changes in the attributes of whorls and in representations of textiles.

Inferences on the role of coral bleaching or seasonality on cross-habitat movement of nekton assemblages in adjacent coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-448
Author(s):  
Severino G Salmo ◽  
John Charles A Altomonte
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Bleached Coral ◽  
Habitat Affinity

We investigated shifts in nekton assemblages in coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove habitats that coincided with a coral bleaching event in June 2016. The study was conducted in May 2016 (prebleaching), July 2016 (bleaching), October 2016 (4-mo postbleaching), and February 2017 (7-mo postbleaching) in relatively undisturbed coastal areas in Busuanga, Palawan, western Philippines. We used triangular trap nets to capture nekton samples from each habitat. In coral reef and mangrove habitats, there were increases in nekton abundance and biomass from the prebleaching to the bleaching period. After the bleaching event, however, there were reductions in nekton abundance and biomass at the coral reefs until 7-mo postbleaching. Species composition changed at all sites where shifts in dominant species, habitat affinity, and trophic category were observed. The postbleaching increase in nekton abundance in mangroves coincided with the decreased nekton abundance in the coral reef, suggesting a cross-habitat movement, likely due to the reduced suitability and/or food in the bleached coral reef. The changes in the nekton assemblage may also have been due to seasonal fluctuations in environmental parameters, especially salinity. Our study presents evidence of the possible role of coral bleaching or seasonal changes on cross-habitat movements of nekton assemblages, which can be inferred as an indicator of disturbance. The presence of adjacent vegetated habitats may provide refuge for the affected nekton assemblage of the coral reef.

scholarly journals Dampak Pemutihan Karang Keras pada Komunitas Ikan Karang dan Makrozoobenthos di Wilayah Perairan Tejakula, Buleleng, Bali

Rekayasa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Elok Faiqoh ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang ◽  
Dwi Budi Wiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Bleached Coral ◽  
Check Method ◽  
The Impact

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Pemutihan karang merupakan salah satu dampak dari perubahan iklim global, kenaikan suhu tersebut memberikan dampak negatif bagi keseimbangan ekosistem terumbu karang. ­Terumbu karang yang memutih dan kehilangan zooxanthella nya akan rentan terkena infeksi dan penyakit. Populasi komunitas ikan karang pemakan hewan karang dan makrozoobenthos juga akan menurun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besar dampak kerusa­kan terumbu karang dan dampaknya bagi populasi ikan dan makrozoobenthos. Survey dilakukan pada 3 titik di wilayah perairan Tejakula dengan metode reefcheck. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kematian terumbu karang sebesar 5-7.5%, jumlah alga yang menutupi 3.125%. Kondisi ikan kepe-kepe yang merupakan pemakan hewan karang juga sudah ditemukan dalam jumlah cukup banyak. Keberadaan ikan herbivora dan makrozoobenthos herbivore membantu mengurangi jumlah alga yang menutupi. Sedangkan keberadaan ikan pemakan terumbu karang dan ikan predator memperlihatkan bahwa sistem ekologi yang ada di terumbu karang tersebut hampir kembali normal. <br />Kata Kunci: terumbu karang, komunitas ikan karang, makrozoobenthos.</p><p><strong>The Impact of Hard Coral Bleaching in Coral and Macrozoobenthos Fish Communities in Tejakula, Buleleng, Bali Water Areas</strong></p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Coral bleaching is one of the consequences of global climate change, as the rise of temperature negatively impacts the ecological balance of reef ecosystems. Bleached coral reefs lose their zooxanthellae, increasing vulnerability to infection and disease and consequently, causing population decline of macrozoobenthos and reef fish communities which prey on coral-consuming organisms. This research aims to determine the degree of coral reef damage and its impact on fish and macrozoobenthos population. The survey was conducted on 3 stations in Tejakula waters with the reef check method. Results show that coral reef death reaches 5-7.5%, with algal coverage of 3.125%. Kepe-kepe fish which prey on coral-consuming animals were also found in relatively high abundance. The presence of herbivore fish and macrozoobenthos help reduce algal cover. Meanwhile, the presence of coral-consuming and predator fish indicate that the coral reef ecological system has mostly returned to normal. <br />Keywords: coral reef, reef fish community, macrozoobenthos</p>

scholarly journals A Study of Fauna Assemblages and Their Relation to the Sediment Accumulation in the Coral Reef Area, NW of the Arabian Gulf

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1D) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Zainab Al-Humaidan
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Reef Area ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Coral Reef Area ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The discovery of coral reefs in Iraqi marine waters is a new event in 2012 and it covers an area of approximately 28 km2 at the southern end of Khor Al-Amia. A team of divers from the German Freiburg Institute for Mining and Technology and Marine Science Center at the University of Basra were able to find coral reefs in the NW part of the Arabian Gulf. The aim of this article is to study fauna assemblages and try to understand the relationship between the accumulation of sediments and fauna assemblages in the Coral Reef area NW of the Arabian Gulf, southern of Iraq. Four surface samples of sediments of the area were studied and determined the relationship between the types of texture and the amount of fauna and shell fragments. Mollusca was chosen from among the existing groups of fauna due to the great number of species and large sizes, also Bryozoa studied in the region. The sand texture is predominant in the sediments of the area and the sand ratio was between 55-97% most of their grains are fine and round. The sediments of the region were distinguished by a high percentage of shells between 24–69% from the total percentage of sand. The phenomenon of multiple colors of sand and fauna revealed this due to the presence of minerals and oxides, impurities and pollution in the region, and genetic factors concerning fauna. Many species were diagnosed in the sediments of the region, reaching 62 species of Mollusca and Bryozoa. Mollusca is classified into three types (Gastropod, Pelecypoda and Scaphopoda). Some species were recorded for the first time in the region such as Japonactaeonpusillus, Cylichna cylindracea and Cuna majeeda.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Fish and Plankton Diversity toward Coral Reef Coverage in Panjang Island of Anak Krakatoa Mountain

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Gita Puspitasari ◽  
Endang Linirin Widiastuti ◽  
Henni Wijayanti ◽  
Tugiyono Tugiyono
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Plankton Diversity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Line Intercept

The coral reef is part of the marine ecosystem that important because of its role as a source of life, especially for marine variety creatures. This study aims to determine the relationship of the diversity of reef fish and plankton to coral reef cover on the Panjang Island of Anak Krakatoa Mount, Lampung. Line Intercept Transect used for retrieval of coral reef data and the Underwater Visual Census method for collecting coral reef fish data. Diversity and dominance index are utilized to analyze correlations between them. A good coral reef is obtained at point 2 (5 meters in depth) while at other points the condition of the coral reef is classified as moderate. The highest number of fish is found at point 1 (5 meters in depth) with 56 individuals. The highest plankton diversity is 3.04 Index whereas located at point 2 (0 meters in depth). They have a positive correlation (0.955-coral reef coverage with fishes, 0.916-diversity of reef fish and coral reefs, 0.833-diversity of reef fish with plankton) upon their relationship.

Avatar of power: Southern Kuba masquerade figures in a funerary context

Africa ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Binkley
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
South Central ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Power And Authority

Opening ParagraphThe relationship of masquerade performance to social organization and to the differentiation of traditional power and authority in everyday life is scarcely noted in the literature on African ritual. And yet research among two Kuba-related groups (Northern Kete and Southern Bushoong) in south-central Zaire indicate an enduring relationship, such that we can better understand the one by examining the others. The appearance of masquerade figures during initiation rituals both reinforces and validates distinctions of power in Kuba culture. Furthermore, funerals for initiated men in conjunction with masquerade performance provide a setting in which some of the activities relating to these distinctions of power are acted out.

scholarly journals Coral reef fishes in the banks and rocky islands in the offshore waters of Binh Thuan province

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4A) ◽  
pp. 259-271
Author(s):  
Mai Xuan Dat
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Coral Reef Fishes ◽  
South Central ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Coast Of Vietnam

Binh Thuan province is located in the South Central Coast of Vietnam with favorable conditions for living coral reefs. The coral reefs were mainly investigated in coastal water areas and Phu Quy island, meanwhile other areas such as the banks and rocky islands seem to lack information. This study was conducted to evaluate the species composition and distribution of coral reef fish communities in the Royal Bishop banks and around rocky islands in Julia shoal in the offshore waters of Binh Thuan province in April 2019. A total of 151 species belonging to 86 genera and 33 families of coral reef fishes were recorded. Among them, 4 species for the first time recorded in Vietnam are Helcogramma striata (Hansen, 1986) (Tripterygiidae), Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters, 1855) (Serranidae), Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801) and Coris aygula (Lacepède, 1801) (Labridae). The total average density of coral reef fish in the offshore waters of Binh Thuan is quite high at 1,104.9 ± 617 individuals/250 m2, most of them are small sized fish and ornamental fish group, the large sized fish and target fish group accounts for a relatively low rate, but their density here is much higher compared to that in the coastal waters of Binh Thuan province. The comparative analysis also shows that sites in coral reef around rocky islands have species richness and density of coral reef fish higher than the bank area.

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