German naturalists in the service of the Russian Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-1) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Babintseva
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
Natural Scientists ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article comprehensively examines the process of historical integration of German natural scientists into research work in Russia in the 17th - 18th centuries. It is concluded that the service of German natural scientists in Russia is conditioned not only by political, social and economic realities, but also by personal interest in the personal demand and career growth of researchers.

scholarly journals Formation of metallurgical sector in Kharkiv practical technological institute at the end of XIX – in the beginning of XX centuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gutnyk
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Technological Institute ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Graduating Students

The state of metallurgical industry of the Russian empire at the end of XIX century is analyzed. The reasons of intensification of researches in technical sciences are determined. It is presented the information about creation of technological higher educational establishment in Kharkiv city; in particular, it is shown the help in this question given by authoritative residents of Kharkiv, public of other provinces, representatives of the South of Russian Empire mining industry. It is proven that in the Kharkiv practical technological institute the first in Ukraine specialized department from training of specialists in the field of metallurgy was created. It is given the information about the first scientifically pedagogical staff of KhPTI in the field of metallurgy and attention is accented, that teachers were experienced specialistspractitioners. Basic directions of leading scientists-metallurgists scientific work by A.F Mevius, V.S. Knabbe, T.M. Ber are illustrated. Main directions of scientific interests of these scientists are found out; value of their fundamental works is shown. Provision of course of metallurgy in KhPTI by equipment for realization of research work, and also by scientific and educational literature is illustrated. Using materials of Archives, the information about opening and financing of the first industrial metallurgical laboratory is given. It is shown that the material and technical base of institute allowed carrying out researches not only for scientific and educational purposes but also by the orders of industry. The conclusion is done, that staffing at the beginning of XX century was carried out due to the graduating students of institute, but not due to invitation of graduating students of West European establishments, as it was from the beginning of KhPTI activity.

D. I. Mendeleev’s “cherished thoughts” on foreign trade and “proper protectionism”

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-139
Author(s):  
T. N. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Competition Growth

Foreign trade policy and its role in the economic growth of the national economy are considered through the prism of history and comparison of the formation of the industrial economy in the Russian Empire and the North American United States. The author compares the protectionism of D. I. Mendeleev, described in his economic works, and the free trade thinking of the American scholar W. Sumner, who formulated the “misconceptions” of protectionism. Mendeleev’s proper protectionism is grounded on the basic principles (incentivizing internal competition, growth of consumption, bringing up of new industries ), which are relevant for contemporary Russia. The author gives a typical example of the formation and decline of the factory industry using the case of mirror factories in the Ryazan province. These historical analogies, the paper argues, are necessary for the correct assessment of the current situation and for coming up with valid solutions aimed at the development of the Russian economy.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

Reasons for the Onset of the Uniat Clergy’s Movement Towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the Beginning of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 293-317
Author(s):  
Protopriest Alexander Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Latin Church ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Church Service ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article studies the system of pre-conditions that caused the onset of the uniat clergy’s movement towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 19th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the uniat clergy going back to Orthodoxy was the result of certain historic conditions, such as: 1) constant changes in the government policy during the reign of Emperor Pavel I and Emperor Alexander I; 2) increasing latinization of the uniat church service after 1797 and Latin proselytism that were the result of the distrust of the uniats on the part of Roman curia and representatives of Polish Catholic Church of Latin church service; 3) ecclesiastical contradictions made at the Brest Church Union conclusion; 4) division of the uniat clergy into discordant groups and the increase of their opposition to each other on the issue of latinization in the first decades of the 19th century. The combination of those conditions was a unique phenomenon that never repeated itself anywhere.

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