Historical grounds of one of the most important holidays of the Republic of Poland: May, 3rd, the Constitution Day

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Svetlana Falkovich
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article describes the history of the offcial holiday in contemporary Poland - May 3rd, the Constitution Day, in the context of political movements of Polish emigration of the 19th century. The author characterizes the differences that were put into evaluations of this event by the representatives of the democratic and the conservative camps of Polish emigration. The connection of these evaluations with the most important questions of Polish social life is shown within discussions about ways and means of recreation of Polish state.

Maps, Power, and the Pacification of La Araucanía-Chile, 1850–1900

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Azócar Fernández ◽  
Zenobio Saldivia Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Critical Cartography ◽  
History Of Cartography ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the history of cartography and in critical cartography, there is a link between the role of maps and power relations, especially during the conquest and domination of territories by national states. Such cartographic products have frequently been used—for both their scientific and persuasive content—in different places, such as in Chile in the Araucanía region during the so-called pacification process, led by the Chilean state during the second half of the 19th century. From a cartographic perspective, the “epistemological and unintentional silences on the maps” can be observed for maps produced during this process. It implied that the “scientific discourse” and the “social and political discourse” of the cartographic images generated during this process of conquest and domination were relevant for the expansionist objectives of the Republic of Chile.

scholarly journals Matacong Island: A Short History of a Small Island on the West Coast of Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6.) ◽  
pp. 8-43
Author(s):  
Takehiko Ochiai
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Water Color ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article aims to examine how Matacong Island, a small island just off the coast of the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, was claimed its possession by local chiefs, how it was leased to and was used by European and Sierra Leonean merchants, and how it was colonized by Britain and France in the 19th century. In 1825 the paramount chief of Moriah chiefdom agreed to lease the island to two Sierra Leonean merchants, and in 1826 it was ceded to Britain by a treaty with chiefs of the Sumbuyah and Moriah chiefdoms. Since the island was considered as a territory exempted from duty, British and Sierra Leonean merchants used it as an important trading station throughout the 19th century. Major exports of Matacong Island included palm kernels, palm oil, hides, ivory, pepper and groundnuts, originally brought by local traders from the neighboring rivers, and major imports were tobacco, beads, guns, gunpowder, rum, cotton manufactures, iron bars and hardware of various kinds. In 1853 alone, some 80 vessels, under British, American, and French flags, anchored at Matacong Island. By the convention of 1882, Britain recognized the island as belonging to France. Although the convention was never ratified, it was treated by both countries as accepted terms of agreement. The article considers various dynamics of usage, property, and territorial possession as relates to the island during the 19th century, and reveals how complex they were, widely making use of the documents of The Matacong Island (West Africa) Papers at the University of Birmingham Library in Britain. The collection purchased by the library in 1969 is composed of 265 historical documents relating to Matacong Island, such as letters, agreements, newspaper-cuttings, maps and water-color picture

scholarly journals From The History Of Military Education In Turkestan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (09) ◽  
pp. 596-599
Author(s):  
Rozimova Yorqinoy Yuldashevna ◽  
Abduraximova Dilfuzaxon Alievna
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article provides information on the establishment of military education in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century, in particular, the establishment of the Tashkent Cadet School on the basis of the Academy of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the development of military education.

The History of Mali: Connectivity and State Formation since the 18th Century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina Thiam ◽  
Gregory Mann
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
Socialist Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nomadic Communities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Republic of Mali comprises a very diverse population spread over a vast territory composed of a large part of the southern Sahara, the Sahel, and the savannah. One of the world’s great rivers, the Niger, runs through much of the national territory, reaching its northern apex near Timbuktu. For over a millennium, this territory has allowed empires and kingdoms to flourish alongside decentralized societies. These include the empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay, as well as any number of smaller states, trading diasporas, and nomadic and semi-nomadic communities. The territory of Mali has long been a hub in African commercial and intellectual circuits, notably those linking the societies of the Maghreb (or North Africa) to those bordering the Atlantic. In the 19th century, as elsewhere in Muslim Africa, new and explicitly Islamic states emerged in western and central Mali. They did not endure more than a few decades, as the territory was colonized by France in the late 19th century. The Republic of Mali claimed its independence in 1960 and rapidly developed greater autonomy from French neo-colonialism than did most of its neighbors. Mali has maintained an out-sized diplomatic and cultural role on the African continent and beyond under a socialist government from 1960 to 1968, military government through 1991, and a vibrant democracy in the decades since. However, since 2011, the country has been increasingly beset by violent conflicts between nonstate actors, the national government, and foreign forces including the French. Thus, in historical perspective, Mali’s geographic position and its environment have proven conducive to the production of expansive, diverse, and mutually dependent communities that have produced radically distinct and often fragile states.

scholarly journals Archival Rossica in Slovakia: Documents on the History of Slovak-Russian Contacts in the Archive of the Slovak Matica

2021 ◽  
pp. 543-554
Author(s):  
Miroslav Danish ◽  
◽  
Galina V. Rokina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
National Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article traces the process of formation of archival Rossica in one of the oldest archives of the Slovak Republic. The authors analyze documentary materials on the history of the Slovak-Russian contacts in the 19th century, the period when ties between Slovak and Russian scientists and public figures were most intense. It was at this time that the process of national identity formation of the Slovaks took place. The article is to investigate the content of documents from the standpoint of methodology of historical memory and that of principles of historicism. Despite the fact that the history of the Slovak-Russian relations has been in the focus of attention of national and foreign scientists for many years, there are no special scientific studies in which archival materials on this issue would be systematized. In the modern historiographic situation, as there continues a “revision” of previous assessments of the history of the Slovak-Russian relations, the role of archival heritage increases, and yet its significant part has not been introduced into scientific use. In historical science, the most important archive for reconstruction of the history of the Slovak-Russian contacts in the 19th century is the archive of the Slovak Matica. This organization was created by order of the Austro-Hungarian authorities in Martin, city in the East of Slovakia. In the 19th century the Slovak Matica was a center of social life of the Slovaks and played an important role in the formation of the Slovak nation. The article details the complex history of the formation of the archival Rossica collection in the archive of Martin and all stages of its emergence and development. The archive of the Slovak Matica has undergone significant organizational changes over a century and a half of its existence. It is currently called the Archives of Literature and Art of the Slovak National Library (ALI SNB). The authors systematize the archival Rossica in the ALI SNB by the nature of documents and problems. The article provides an overview of the main groups of archival collections and fonds that preserve the historical evidence on nature and intensity of the Slovak-Russian contacts in the 19th century. An analysis of archival materials has shown that these relations developed mainly at the level of personal contacts between Slovak and Russian scientists, writers, and public figures. The authors of the article conclude that the Rossica in the archives of Slovakia still remains an incompletely developed topic for researchers, primarily for Russian ones. Study of the archival Rossica acquires special significance in modern humanities, as there continues a revision of previous assessments of historical events, facts, and actions of national movements leaders.

scholarly journals Viloria de la Hoz, Joaquín. Empresarios del Caribe Colombiano: Historia económica y empresarial del Magdalena Grande y del Bajo Magdalena, 1870-1930

2019 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Julieth Johanna Batero Portilla
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Business History ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xixe Siecle ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Xixe Siècle

La obra del economista e historiador Joaquín Viloria De la Hoz, publicada en Bogotá por el  Banco de la República, presenta un amplio y analítico panorama sobre las múltiples actividades económicas que surgieron en la región a finales del siglo XIX y se extendieron hasta las primeras décadas del XX. Sin duda, en breve se convertirá en un referente importante para los estudiosos de la historiografía caribeña.Viloria De la Hoz, Joaquín (2014). Entrepreneurs of the Colombian Caribbean: Economic and business history of the Magdalena Grande and Lower Magdalena, 1870-1930AbstractThe work of the economist and historian Joaquín Viloria De la Hoz, published in Bogotá by the Banco de la República (Bank of the Republic), presents a broad and analytical overview of the multiple economic activities that arose in the region at the end of the 19th century and extended into the first decades of the XX. Without a doubt, it will soon become an important reference for scholars of Caribbean historiography.Viloria De la Hoz, Joaquín (2014).Entrepreneurs du Caraïbe Colombien: Histoire économique et de l’entreprise du Magdalena Grande et du Bajo Magdalena, 1870-1930RésuméL’œuvre de l’économiste et historien Joaquín Viloria De la Hoz, publiée à Bogotá par la Banque de la République, présente un ample et analytique panorama sur les multiples activités économiques qui ont surgit sans la région à la fin du XIXe. siècle et qui se sont répandues jusqu’au début des premières décennies du XXe. siècle. Sans doute, d’ici peu, elle deviendra un important référent pour les studieux de l’historiographie caribéenne.  

scholarly journals Materials of the Idinsky Steppe Duma in the Funds of the Museum of the History of Buryatia named after M. N. Khangalov

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
L. M. Dameshek ◽  
◽  
T. E. Sanzhieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Permanent Storage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the description of the fund of the Ida Steppe Duma, stored in the Museum of the History of Buryatia named after M. N. Khangalov. The fund was considered completely lost, therefore it was not used by researchers. The Ida Steppe Duma Foundation is represented by 12 cases, the rest of the materials have been irretrievably lost. The fund stores office documents in decrees, reports, statements, orders, personal and formulary lists, correspondence, etc. from 1787 to the end of the 19th century, from the opening of the Steppe Office to the closing of the Duma. In materials of a thought orders of higher are given organizations, reports of the founders, which contain information about the development of the economy, primarily agriculture, crop structure, number of yards, name lists, population for all 29 clans of the Ida department, statements, explanations of the founders on the waste of money from the Duma and other materials related to economic activities of the Ida Steppe Duma. The Foundation has information on the guard duty at the Tunkinsky distance by the Ida Buryats, the correspondence of the ancestors about the abolition of this duty. According to the materials of the fund, one can trace the appointment, then the election of the main secret. Part materials of the Duma published in the collection of documents «Ida Buryats». The article also describes the personal archive of the main Taisha of the Ida Steppe Duma I. I. Pirozhkov published by G. N. Rumyantsev discovered by him in the funds of the specified museum. Subsequently, the fund was transferred for permanent storage to the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia.

MASJID BESAR RAJA HAJI ABDUL GHANI PULAU BURU KEPULAUAN RIAU

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurman Kholis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
District Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Level Government

Abstract. Many Muslims in the Riau Islands do not know the history of the development of Islamic theory from the center of power to spread to various corners. This is as the existence of the Great Mosque of Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) on Buru Island, Karimun. Thus, to uncover the existence of this mosque, qualitative research methods are used so that history, architecture, and socio-religious functions can be known. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the establishment of MBRHAG was initiated by Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. He was the first Amir (sub-district level government) of the kingdom of Riau-Lingga on Buru Island, in the 19th century. The architecture is a Chinese. Therefore, on the right side of this mosque is around 200 m, there is also the Sam Po Teng Temple and the Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Thus, the close location of the mosque with Chinese and Confucian worship houses's shows a harmonious relationship between Malay Muslims and Chinese Buddhists. In fact, in the continuation of this relationship there was information that a Chinese Buddhist had joined a Muslim friend to fast for half a month of Ramadan.Keywords: Mosque, Malay Muslims, Chinese Buddhists/Confucians, Harmonious RelationsAbstrak. Umat Islam di Kepulauan Riau banyak yang tidak mengenal sejarah perkembangan ajaran Islam dari pusat kekuasaan hingga tersebar ke berbagai pelosok. Hal ini sebagaimana keberadaan Masjid Besar Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) di Pulau Buru, Karimun. Dengan demikian, untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan masjid ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif  agar dapat diketahui sejarah, arsitektur, dan fungsi sosial keagamaannya.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pendirian MBRHAG diprakarsai oleh Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. Ia adalah Amir (pemerintah setingkat kecamatan) pertama kerajaan Riau-Lingga di Pulau Buru, pada abad ke-19. Adapun arsitekturnya adalah seorang Tionghoa. Karena itu, di sebelah kanan masjid ini sekitar 200 m juga terdapat Kelenteng Sam Po Teng dan cetya Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Dengan demikian, dekatnya lokasi masjid dengan rumah ibadah umat Tionghoa dan Khonghucu ini menunjukkan hubungan yang harmonis antara muslim Melayu dengan Budhis Tionghoa. Bahkan, dalam kelangsungan hubungan ini terdapat informasi seorang Buddhis Tionghoa pernah ikut temannya yang beragama muslim untuk berpuasa selama setengah bulan Ramadhan.Kata Kunci: Masjid, Muslim Melayu, Buddhis/Khonghucu Tionghoa, Hubungan Harmonis

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