scholarly journals Here Comes Moshiach: Humor in the Miniatures Depicting Messiah at the Seder in the “Hileq and Bileq Haggadah” (Second Half of Fifteenth-century, South Germany)

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-30
Author(s):  
Dilshat Harman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
National Library ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this article is an illustrated sheet from the Hileq and Bileq Haggadah (Paris, National Library of France, Ms Hébreu 1333, 2nd half of the 15th century) – fol. 24v. It depicts characters watching the arrival of the Mashiach and a man with a jug pouring liquid on the Maschiach and the person meeting him. Having examined these miniatures in the context of the iconography of the coming of the Mashiach to the Seder, prevailing by that time in Ashkenaz, I come to the conclusion that they bear evidence of how humor could be used in the ritual of waiting for the Mashiach during the 15th century Passover celebration. Textual sources of the 16th–17th centuries describe it as extremely serious, but the humorous nature of the images suggests that in the context of the Passover celebration, there were a number of possibilities for its perception and experience. The comic elements of the miniature actualize the arrival of the Mashiach for the audience, involving them in the image and are an example of a specifically Jewish approach to the use of humor for pedagogical purposes.

Seven Sacraments Compositions in English Medieval Art

1929 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McN. Rushforth
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Speculum Humanae Salvationis ◽  
Church Art ◽  
The Church

Émile Mâle says that medieval Christian art in its last period had lost touch with the great tradition of symbolism which had been so important in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and still largely dominated the art of the fourteenth. But there was one great symbolical idea which survived, and that was the harmony of the Old and New Testaments; and so we find among the most popular subjects of fifteenth-century Church art the concordance of the Apostles and Prophets in the Creed, and the series of parallels between the life of Jesus and episodes of Old Testament history, which were summed up and digested in the Biblia Pauperum and the Speculum Humanae Salvationis. The reason for the popularity of these subjects was, no doubt, their didactic value, and though Mâle does not develop this side of the subject, we may say that one, though not the only, characteristic of the religious art of the fifteenth century was that, instead of being symbolical, it became didactic. We find in this period a whole series of subjects which reduced the articles of Christian faith and practice to pictorial form, and seem to have been intended to illustrate the medieval catechism by which the teaching of the Church was imparted.

Hebrew Incunabula in the Russian Researchers’ Publications. Bibliographic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Semen M. Iakerson
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
National Library ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Private Collections

Hebrew incunabula amount to a rather modest, in terms of number, group of around 150 editions that were printed within the period from the late 60s of the 15th century to January 1, 1501 in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Despite such a small number of Hebrew incunabula, the role they played in the history of the formation of European printing cannot be overlooked. Even less possible is to overestimate the importance of Hebrew incunabula for understanding Jewish spiritual life as it evolved in Europe during the Renaissance.Russian depositories house 43 editions of Hebrew incunabula, in 113 copies and fragments. The latter are distributed as following: the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 67 items stored; the Russian State Library — 38 items; the National Library of Russia — 7 items; the Jewish Religious Community of Saint Petersburg — 1 item. The majority of these books came in public depositories at the late 19th — first half of the 20th century from private collections of St. Petersburg collectors: Moses Friedland (1826—1899), Daniel Chwolson (1819—1911) and David Günzburg (1857—1910). This article looks into the circumstances of how exactly these incunabula were acquired by the depositories. For the first time there are analysed publications of Russian scholars that either include descriptions of Hebrew incunabula (inventories, catalogues, lists) or related to various aspects of Hebrew incunabula studies. The article presents the first annotated bibliography of all domestic publications that are in any way connected with Hebrew incunabula, covering the period from 1893 (the first publication) to the present. In private collections, there was paid special attention to the formation of incunabula collections. It was expressed in the allocation of incunabula as a separate group of books in printed catalogues and the publication of research works on incunabula studies, which belonged to the pen of collectors themselves and haven’t lost their scientific relevance today.

scholarly journals An Investigative Look at Healthcare Beliefs and Practices During the Sen Dynasty

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Dave Beine
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Do So

There is not much known about Nepal during the historical period sometimes referred to as Nepal’s dark ages (750-1750 C.E.). And even less is known about the healthcare practices of the Sen Dynasty of Palpa, Nepal, which found its inception over 500 years ago, during the late fifteenth century. For this reason, anyone endeavoring to intelligently write on the subject must, much like an archaeologist, use a bit of educated conjecture to piece together a speculative, but historically plausible, picture of the healing practices likely employed during that period. In order to do so, this paper examines several pieces of evidence, both historic and contemporary, in order to infer what the healthcare practices of the populace of Palpa might have looked like at that time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v6i0.8479 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 6, 2012 61-74

scholarly journals Estudi de les fonts d’una Epistula de amore d’Antonio Beccadelli adreçada al valencià Francesc de Centelles (1437-1442) sobre la «vis, aut potestas» de l’amor.

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Rubén Galera Hernàndez
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
15Th Century

Resum: La política expansionista de la Corona d’Aragó vers el Mezzogiorno italià, encapçalada per Alfons el Magnànim durant la primera meitat del segle XV, va suposar que el monarca formara al seu voltant una cort d’humanistes italians perquè deixaren constància escrita de la seua empresa i transmeteren a la seua cort els coneixements dels grans autors clàssics llatins i grecs. Aquesta nòmina de lletraferits en estudis grecollatins, en què trobem Lorenzo Valla, Guiniforte Barzizza, Bartolomeo Facio i Antonio Beccadelli (el Panormita), entre d’altres, mantingueren assíduament contacte amb membres de la cancelleria reial i de la noblesa. Un d’aquests nobles va ser el cavaller valencià, camarlenc, conseller i mariscal, Francesc-Gilabert de Centelles i Queralt, altrament dit Ramon de Riu-sec, senyor de Nules i comte d’Oliva (1449), qui va mantenir correspondència epistolar amb Barzizza i Beccadelli, per demanar-los consell sobre la naturalesa de l’amor. En aquest article, doncs, hem estudiat les fonts de consulta a què va recórrer el Panormita quan va redactar l’epístola i el contextualitzem amb la realitat amorosa del cavaller valencià. Paraules clau: segle XV, Itàlia, Corona d’Aragó, Antonio Beccadelli, Francesc-Gilabert de Centelles.   Abstract: The expansionist policy of the Crown of Aragon towards the Italian Mezzogiorno, headed by Alfons el Magnànim during the first half of the fifteenth century, supposed that the monarch would form around him a court of Italian humanists for the written testimony of his enterprise and the transmition to the court of the knowledge of the great Latin and Greek classical authors. This list of letters written in Greco-Latin studies, in which we find Lorenzo Valla, Guiniforte Barzizza, Bartolomeo Facio and Antonio Beccadelli (Panormita), among others, were always in contact with members of the Royal Chancery and the nobility. One of these nobles was the Valencian knight, chamberlain, counselor and marshal, Francesc-Gilabert de Centelles i Queralt, otherwise known as Ramon de Riu-sec, lord of Nules and Count of Oliva (1449), who corresponded with Barzizza and Beccadelli, to ask for advice about the nature of love. In this article, we have studied the sources of reference that Panormita consulted when writing the epistle and we contextualize it with the loving reality of the Valencian knight. Keywords: 15th century, Italy, Crown of Aragon, Antonio Beccadelli, Francesc-Gilabert de Centelles.    

Tydorel and Sir Gowther

PMLA ◽  
1905 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Leftwich Ravenel
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Marie De France ◽  
English Version ◽  
National Library ◽  
Breton Lay ◽  
The Devil

Attention has often been called to the extraordinary parallelism which exists between Sir Gowther, a fifteenth century English version of Robert the Devil, and the so-called Breton Lay of Tydorel. The latter is one of five anonymous romances published by Gaston Paris according to the manuscript in the National Library, which includes also the lays of Marie de France.

ANA ECHEVARRÍA, The Fortress of Faith: The Attitudes Towards Muslims in Fifteenth Century Spain, Medieval Iberian Peninsula, vol. 12 (Leiden, Boston, Cologne: E. J. Brill 1999). Pp. 254. $108 cloth.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-452
Author(s):  
KATHRYN CAMP
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

In The Fortress of Faith: The Attitudes Towards Muslims in Fifteenth Century Spain, Ana Echevarría presents a study of four mid-15th-century texts and argues that their polemical tone toward the Muslim world was inspired by contemporary historical events and revealed a Christian Spain preparing itself to end Muslim rule on the Iberian Peninsula. She argues that the events of 1450–70 are key to understanding Fernando and Isabel's renewed march against Granada in 1474 and that ecclesiastical literature of this time—as a manifestation of a “frontier church”—can provide a glimpse of the ideas common at court and among the clergy. At the center of her book are the works of three theologians (Juan de Segovia, Alonso de Espina, and Juan de Torquemada) and one layman (the Aragonese Pedro de Cavallería)—all written between 1450 and 1461—and Echevarría juxtaposes these texts with a wide selection of similar treatises written in Spain and elsewhere since the Muslim invasion of Iberia in 711. For each of her four primary texts, she provides the historical context of the author's life as well as an analysis of each work's style, sources, symbolism, and mode of argumentation against Islam (which, in general, involved allegations about the illegitimacy of the Muslim Prophet, holy text, or tenets). She then compares the views of these authors with the legal norms governing interactions among Muslims, Christians, and Jews in 15th-century Spain and concludes that both reveal an “evolution towards intolerance and violence which was common to the society and its rulers” and that impelled the eventually successful conquest of Granada.

Who Really Wrote the Ottoman Turkish Story of Hallāj?

Der Islam ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Hickman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Narrative Poem ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract:The martyrdom of the mystic Ḥusayn b. Manṣūr, better known as al-Hallāj (executed in Baghdad in 922 CE), has been a compelling story for Muslim audiences for centuries. An Ottoman Turkish narrative poem on the subject, composed sometime in the 15th century, proved to be especially popular. It was hand-copied repeatedly, into the 19th century, and lithographed at least twice. Nearly a century ago, Louis

The first Russian dictionaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Н.Е. Касьяненко
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Статья посвящена истории развития словарного дела на Руси и появлению первых словарей. Затрагиваются первые, несловарные формы описания лексики в письменных памятниках XI–XVII вв. (глоссы), из которых черпался материал для собственно словарей. Анализируются основные лексикографические жанры этого времени и сложение на их основе азбуковников. В статье уделено внимание таким конкретным лексикографическим произведениям, как ономастикону «Рѣчь жидовскаго «зыка» (XVIII в.), словарям-символикам «Толк о неразумнех словесех» (XV в.) и «Се же приточне речеся», произвольнику, объясняющему славянские слова, «Тлъкование нεоудобь познаваεмомъ въ писаныхъ рѣчемь» (XIV в.), разговорнику «Рѣчь тонкословія греческаго» (ХV в.). Характеризуется словарь Максима Грека «Толкованіе именамъ по алфавиту» (XVI в.). Предметом более подробного освещения стал «Лексис…» Л. Зизания – первый печатный словарь на Руси. На примерах дается анализ его реестровой и переводной частей. Рассматривается известнейший труд П. Берынды «Лексикон славеноросский и имен толкование», а также рукописный «Лексикон латинский…» Е. Славинецкого, являющий собой образец переводного словаря XVII в. The article is dedicated to the history of the development of vocabulary in Russia and the emergence of the first dictionaries. The first, non-verbar forms of description of vocabulary in written monuments of the 11th and 17th centuries (glosses), from which material for the dictionaries themselves were drawn, are affected. The main lexicographical genres of this time are analyzed and the addition of alphabets on their basis. The article focuses on specific lexicographical works such as the «Zhidovskago» (18th century) the dictionaries-symbols of «The Talk of Unreasonable Words» (the 15th century). and «The Same Speech», an arbitrary explanation of slavic words, «The tlution of the cognition in the written», (the 14th century), the phrasebook «Ry subtle Greek» (the 15th century). Maxim Greck's dictionary «Tolkien names in alphabetical order» (16th century) is characterized. The subject of more detailed coverage was «Lexis...» L. Sizania is the first printed dictionary in Russia. Examples give analysis of its registry and translation parts. The famous work of P. Berynda «Lexicon of Slavic and Names of Interpretation» and the handwritten «Lexicon Latin...» are considered. E. Slavinecki, which is a model of the 17th century translated dictionary.

Bruges, 15th-century centre of the notarial profession in the Low Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-102
Author(s):  
Hendrik Callewier
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
North Western

AbstractOn the strength of previous research it has often been assumed that in Flanders the notarial profession had barely developed before 1531. That position can no longer be upheld, in particular with regard to fifteenth-century Bruges, since a prosopographical study into the notaries public who were active at the time in Bruges shows that nowhere else in the Low Countries was the notariate so successful. Moreover, because of their numbers, of their intensive activity in pursuing their trade and of the nature of the deeds they drafted, the Bruges notaries appear to have set the standards for their colleagues in the other parts of the Low Countries. Even so, it remains true that in Bruges as in the rest of North-Western Europe, the notarial profession remained far less important than in the cities of Northern Italy.

scholarly journals III. A Letter to John Gage, Esq. F.R.S. Director, by William Young Ottley, Esq. F.S.A., &c., on a Manuscript in the British Museum, believed by him to be of the Second or Third Century, and containing the translation of Aratus's astronomical Poem by Cicero, accompanied by Drawings of the Constellations: with a preliminary Dissertation in proof of the use of Minuscule Writing by the ancient Romans; and a corrected edition of the Poem itself, including ten lines not heretofore known

Archaeologia ◽  
1836 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 47-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Young Ottley
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come

You are aware that I have, at intervals, employed myself a good deal in the manuscript room of the British Museum, during the last four years, in researches among the Illuminated MSS. of the fifteenth century, on the subject of Costume; for the purpose of helping me to form a right judgment of the ages and country of certain books of wood-engravings, which are known by bibliographers under the name of Block-Books; and are commonly supposed to have given rise to the invention of Typography: for the controversy concerning this subject has long occupied my attention; and, although so many books have been written upon it during the last two centuries, I have become more and more persuaded, that the evidence on both sides must be subjected to a nicer examination, and sifting, than it has yet had, before we can hope to come to a right decision concerning it.

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