scholarly journals Spanish Civil War According to the Turkish Embassy Reports

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
savaş sertel
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The World ◽  
Advanced Civilization ◽  
European Students ◽  
Umayyad Caliphate ◽  
Over Time

Spain throughout history has hosted many civilizations. With its climate,geography, fresh water resources and vegetation, it is one of the most favorableplaces to live in the world. Therefore, many communities lived here. Especially, theestablishment of the Umayyad Caliphate was a very big chance for Spain. In theperiods when the Islamic world was the most advanced civilization, the biggestphilosophers and scientists of Europe raised in this geography. Scholars such as IbnRüşt and Ibn Meymun taught European students. While, the Kings in Europe areproud of the several thousand volumes of books in their libraries bragged, 400thousand volumes of books existed in the library of the Andalusian Caliphate. Thedestroyed Muslim and Jews with the Reconquista took also the richness and thecivilization of Spain. By contrast, Spain has found something new: Geographicaldiscoveries and gold. After these events, Spain became one of the world's largestcolonial empire, but in XIX and XX. Century, Spain lost power and withdraws to theIberian peninsula Over time, Spain has become one of Europe's most powerlesscountries sicne their economy was based on primitive agriculture. In this process,the Kingdom, dictatorships, military coups and republics were established. In theseprocesses Spain has seen continuous coups and coup attempts. In 1936, the armyhad rebelled once more against the legitimate Government. However this time therebels were supported by the foreign powers. Imperialist States were the financiersof the bloody civil war occurred between 1936-1939.

The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

Secret Wars ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 99-141
Author(s):  
Austin Carson
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Limited War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes foreign combat participation in the Spanish Civil War. Fought from 1936 to 1939, the war hosted covert interventions by Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. The chapter leverages variation in intervention form among those three states, as well as variation over time in the Italian intervention, to assess the role of escalation concerns and limited war in the use of secrecy. Adolf Hitler's German intervention provides especially interesting support for a theory on escalation control. An unusually candid view of Berlin's thinking suggests that Germany managed the visibility of its covert “Condor Legion” with an eye toward the relative power of domestic hawkish voices in France and Great Britain. The chapter also shows the unique role of direct communication and international organizations. The Non-Intervention Committee, an ad hoc organization that allowed private discussions of foreign involvement in Spain, helped the three interveners and Britain and France keep the war limited in ways that echo key claims of the theory.

Flamenco and Modernism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Cauthery
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Though practitioners perceive Andalusia as the form’s spiritual and artistic home, flamenco is taught and performed in cities around the world. Modern flamenco evolved from the "Café Cantante" period or "Golden Age" of flamenco in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with its widespread introduction outside of Spain occurring as a result of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Flamenco was absorbed into, and transmitted by, popular culture through its inclusion as an exotic divertissement in Hollywood films of the 1930s and 1940s, and the films of director Carlos Saura in the 1980s. These films and their associated imagery created an impression of flamenco as exotic, virtuosic, and gendered—with overt connections to bull-fighting, toreadors, and Romani culture.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Solar Thermal Desalination Technologies: A Review

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Mohammad Rasul
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Grid Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Recent Developments

Fresh water resources are depleting rapidly as the water demand around the world continues to increase. Fresh water resources are also not equally distributed geographically worldwide. The best way to tackle this situation is to use solar energy for desalination to not only cater for the water needs of humanity, but also to offset some detrimental environmental effects of desalination. A comprehensive review of the latest literature on various desalination technologies utilizing solar energy is presented here. This paper also highlights the environmental impacts of desalination technologies along with an economic analysis and cost comparison of conventional desalination methods with different solar energy based technologies. This review is part of an investigation into integration of solar thermal desalination into existing grid infrastructure in the Australian context.

Recognition of Belligerency and the Spanish War

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon A. O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Legal Sense ◽  
High Seas

Few problems raised by the Spanish civil war are more interesting than those growing out of the fact that a state of war, in the legal sense, does not exist; belligerent rights have been accorded to neither of the contestants by third Powers. Consequently, on January 8 of this year, Germany turned over to the rebel authorities two Spanish loyalist vessels captured in retaliation to an “act of piracy”—an indictment earned by the loyalist government for its seizure of the German freighter, Palos. One may feel justifiably surprised that a government almost universally recognized as legitimate can be charged with piratical activities. Further reflection reveals that the Spanish situation presents many more questions concerning the rights and duties of the contestants as against third parties. In the absence of the recognition of belligerency, what are the rights of loyalist and rebel ships on the high seas? In the territorial waters of Spain? May the fascist or socialistic factions establish blockades? What are the powers and validity of their prize courts? Who is answerable for the illegal acts of the rebels should they lose—or be victorious? What claims will the Spanish Government have as against third Powers should one or the other prove successful? May the loyalist authorities by simple decree close to neutral trade the ports held by the insurgents? Moreover, how would all of these matters be affected if the maritime Powers of the world were to recognize the existence of a state of war, i.e., belligerency, in Spain? And, finally, in view of the magnitude and duration of the struggle, is there any justification for withholding such recognition?

scholarly journals Repositioning Resistance: Basque Separatism, Religion and Cultural Security in Regional Queensland, 1945–1970

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Robert Mason
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Historical Injustice ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Market Town ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time

On 26 April 1937, German bombers attacked the civilian population in the Basque market town of Guernica. The event has become synonymous with the brutality of the Spanish Civil War, but its impact on the Basque diaspora has not been the subject of detailed investigation. Large numbers of Basques emigrated to live in north Queensland, and the overwhelming majority can be traced to the hills surrounding Guernica. Those living in Australia only became aware of the atrocity over time, but the symbolic importance of Guernica increased over the subsequent decades as hundreds more Basques arrived in Queensland's north. The bombing itself was traumatic, but it was understood in the context of an emigration and historical injustice wrought by Spain's Nationalist dictatorship.

scholarly journals TIKKUN OLAM AND TRANSNATIONAL SOLIDARITY: JEWISH VOLUNTEERS IN THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-230
Author(s):  
Raanan Rein
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
General Population ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
North American ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Tikkun Olam ◽  
The World ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
Very High

The number of Jewish volunteers who joined the International Brigades (IB) in order to defend the Spanish Republic against the Nationalist rebels was very high. Their presence among volunteers from each nation was in most cases greatly disproportionate to their representation in the general population of those countries. Many of these volunteers held internationalist views, and the idea of emphasizing their Jewish identity was alien to them. But in fact—as is reflected, for example, in the letters they sent from the Spanish trenches to their friends and relatives or in their memoirs—they also followed the Jewish mandate of tikkun olam, a Hebrew phrase meaning “repairing the world,” or showing responsibility for healing and transforming it. Many volunteers attempted to block, with their own bodies if need be, the Nazi and Fascist wave sweeping across Europe, thus defending both universal and Jewish causes. While there is a voluminous bibliography on the IB, less attention has been given to Jewish participation in the Spanish Civil War; and most studies of Jewish participation in the war focus on Jewish-European or on Jewish-North American volunteers. There is a conspicuous absence of historiography about Jewish-Argentines, and very little written on Jewish-Palestinians, in the Iberian conflict. This article looks at volunteers from these two countries and their motivation for taking an active part in the Spanish Civil War.

scholarly journals “Under the Pacifying Arms of the Cross.” The Valley of the Fallen: a Place of Imprisonment, Reconciliation and Social Reintegration in Spain (1940-1959)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Pablo De la Fuente de Pablo ◽  
Cezary Taracha
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
The Cross

The Valley of the Fallen is the monument that boasts the largest Christian cross in the world. Buried at its feet are tens of thousands of those who fought and fell during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). They rest in the Basilica of the Holy Cross together without any designation as to on which side they fought. The article focuses on the vicissitudes of the penitentiary colony made up mainly of Republican prisoners sentenced for serious crimes committed during the war. This monument, a symbol of atonement and reconciliation, has become the target of a relentless political onslaught carried out by the socialist and communist government and fuelled by a series of myths analysed in the article.

scholarly journals Techniques Used for Metals' Analysis of Organic Compounds in Wastewater, Greywater and Rainwater: A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Vinícius Silva dos Santos ◽  
Lilian Lefol Nani Guarieiro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
The World ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Water recycling is a sustainable way of managing water resources because of the large consumption of fresh water in the world caused by population growth, urbanization, and industrial development. However, the reuse of freshwater requires serious care due to the appearance of contaminants after its use, such as active chemicals, micropollutants, and pharmaceutical products. This study presents a systematic review of articles that includes terms of techniques used to assess metals and organic compounds in wastewater samples (a combination of effluents and water originated from bathrooms, showers, and kitchen sinks, and rainwater between the years 2000 and 2020).  

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