scholarly journals Shared Disadvantage as a Determinant of the Relationship Between White Americans’ Socioeconomic Status and Racial/Ethnic Prejudice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryon Hines ◽  
Kimberly Rios
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Ethnic Prejudice ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Arab Immigrants ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The present studies examined the conditions under which low subjective socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with greater racial/ethnic prejudice among White Americans. Based on theories of intergroup threat and inclusive victim consciousness, we predicted that describing racial/ethnic minorities as disadvantaged (versus as competitive or in neutral terms) would increase empathy and reduce prejudice among White Americans who consider themselves low in SES. Study 1 provided correlational evidence that White Americans who perceived themselves as low-SES (but not high-SES) were less prejudiced against racial/ethnic minorities the more they perceived minorities as disadvantaged. In Study 2, portraying the target outgroup (Arab immigrants) as disadvantaged increased outgroup empathy, and in turn reduced prejudice, among participants induced to think of themselves as low-SES. Study 3 conceptually replicated these results using a different outgroup (Mexican Americans) and a behavioral measure of prejudice. Implications for reducing prejudice among White Americans of different socioeconomic backgrounds are discussed.

scholarly journals 0919 Health Disparities in the Persistence of Childhood Insomnia Symptoms in the Transition to Adolescence: The Penn State Child Cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A349-A349
Author(s):  
E Bourchtein ◽  
K Puzino ◽  
S L Calhoun ◽  
C Criley ◽  
F He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Child ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction A strong body of cross-sectional evidence indicates that social determinants of health (SDH), such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sex/gender, are linked to sleep problems, including insomnia symptoms. Few studies have examined the longitudinal association between SDH and the persistence and remission of insomnia symptoms in the transition between childhood and adolescence, a critical period for sleep health. Methods The Penn State Child Cohort is a random, population-based sample of 700 children (5-12y at baseline), of whom 421 were followed up as adolescents (12-23y at follow-up). All subjects underwent polysomnography, clinical history, physical exam, and parent- and self-reported scales at baseline and follow-up. Childhood insomnia symptoms were defined as a parent- and/or self-report of difficulty falling and/or staying asleep. All subjects or their parents identified the subject’s sex, race, and ethnicity, and reported on socioeconomic status (SES) of the household. Results Females (32.7%) and racial/ethnic minorities (25.0%) were associated with a significantly lower remission rate as compared to males (53.3%) and non-Hispanic whites (48.3%), respectively. Non-Hispanic whites of low SES were associated with a significantly lower full remission rate (26.3%) as compared to non-Hispanic whites of higher SES (42.0%), while racial/ethnic minorities were associated with the lowest full remission rates regardless of whether they were of low (9.1%) or higher (11.1%) SES. Conclusion Our novel data indicate that gender-, racial/ethnic- and socioeconomic-related disparities in insomnia not only occur as early as childhood but are important determinants of insomnia’s chronic course throughout development. Support National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127)

White People Problems? White Privilege Beliefs Predict Attitudes Toward Confederate Symbols

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110519
Author(s):  
Kimberly Rios ◽  
Dominik Mischkowski ◽  
Nicole B. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Group Level ◽  
White People ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Threat Theory

Building upon Intergroup Threat Theory and research on group-level empathy, we tested the relationship between White privilege beliefs and White Americans’ attitudes toward Confederate symbols. In three experiments, participants induced to think about White privilege exhibited more opposition to Confederate symbols, perceived less realistic threat to their group’s power/resources and symbolic threat to their group’s values/identity from the prospect of these symbols being removed, and (in Study 2) felt more empathetic toward racial/ethnic minorities who may view these symbols. Further, a meta-analytic path analysis across studies demonstrated that the effect of White privilege reminders on opposition to Confederate symbols was driven by reduced realistic and symbolic threat, as well as greater outgroup empathy.

scholarly journals Examining the role of perceived prestige in the link between students’ subjective socioeconomic status and sense of belonging

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Jury ◽  
Cristina Aelenei ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Céline Darnon ◽  
Andrew J. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Collegiate Experience ◽  
Subjective Ses ◽  
Low Ses Students

Low socioeconomic status (SES) students have a lower sense of belonging to college than high-SES students. Due to the importance of sense of belonging in the college pathway, understanding the reason for this relation is particularly important. Here, we argue that in addition to having less access to resources, low-SES students in the college context also perceive themselves as having lower prestige than their high-SES counterparts. Thus, in the present research, we tested perceived prestige as a mediator of the link between subjective SES and sense of belonging to college. We conducted 3 studies in 2 different countries (USA and China), and these investigations provided evidence that the lower students’ subjective SES, the lower their self-attributed prestige, and that prestige mediated the relation between students’ subjective SES and their sense of belonging to college. The implications of these findings for understanding the collegiate experience of low-SES students are discussed.

Does Low (vs. High) Subjective Socioeconomic Status Increase Both Prosociality and Aggression?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Greitemeyer ◽  
Christina Sagioglou
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Subjective Ses

Abstract. Previous research has shown that people of low subjective socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to experience compassion and provide help to others than people of high SES. However, low subjective SES also appears to be related to more hostile and aggressive responding. Given that prosociality is typically an antagonist of aggression, we examined whether low subjective SES individuals could be indeed more prosocial and antisocial. Five studies – two correlational, three experimental – found that low subjective SES was related to increased aggression. In contrast, subjective SES was not negatively related to trait and state measures of prosociality.

The State of Asian American Businesses

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Diem Tran ◽  
OiYan Poon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Asian American ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Success ◽  
American Business ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Business Ownership ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Business success is a dominant theme in the Asian American narrative. However, Asian American entrepreneurship is more complex and multilayered than commonly believed and requires careful scrutiny. This brief examines the state of Asian American business ownership between 2005 and 2007. Findings suggest that although Asian Americans form businesses at higher rates than other racial/ethnic minorities, Asian American business ownership and outcomes continue to trail those of non-Hispanic whites. Potential factors contributing to racial/ethnic gaps and policy recommendations are discussed.

Disparities in Health Between Black and White Americans: Current Knowledge and Directions for Future Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 456-478
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Fuller-Rowell ◽  
David S. Curtis ◽  
Adrienne M. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Conceptual frameworks for racial/ethnic health disparities are abundant, but many have received insufficient empirical attention. As a result, there are substantial gaps in scientific knowledge and a range of untested hypotheses. Particularly lacking is specificity in behavioral and biological mechanisms for such disparities and their underlying social determinants. Alongside lack of political will and public investment, insufficient clarity in mechanisms has stymied efforts to address racial health disparities. Capitalizing on emergent findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study and other longitudinal studies of aging, this chapter evaluates research on health disparities between black and white US adults. Attention is given to candidate behavioral and biological mechanisms as precursors to group differences in morbidity and mortality and to environmental and sociocultural factors that may underlie these mechanisms. Future research topics are discussed, emphasizing those that offer promise with respect to illuminating practical solutions to racial/ethnic health disparities.

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